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ASSIGNMENT # 2 SUNNAH AS A SOURCE OF ISLAMIC FIQH SUBMITTED TO: MADAM HAFSAH SUBMITTED BY: IRUM AYESHA SUBJECT: HISTORY OF FIQH DATE OF SUBMISSION: 16.4.2012 Monday
:Sunnah (1
:Literally (1.1
Sunnah means a clear path or way but it has also been used to imply normative practice, or an established course of conduct. It may be a good example or a bad, and it may be set by an .individual, a sect or a community .:Technically (1.2 It is the secondary source of Muslim laws. Sunnah means the doings of Prophet Muhammad (saw), reported through different Sahabahs (close friends or people who worked and lived with him).Holy prophet Muhammad (saw), all his life acted on what Allah told him to do and in respect of everything one can do to be a pious and complete Muslim, there is no one but Prophet Muhammad (saw)'s Sunnah which is so much complete and comprehensive that it must be followed. Sunnah the traditions or known practices of the Prophet Muhammad, many of which have been recorded in the volumes of Hadith literature. The resources include many things that he said, did, or agreed to -- and he lived his life according to the Qur'an, putting the Qur'an into practice in his own life. During his lifetime, the Prophet's family and companions observed him and shared with others exactly what they had seen in his words and behaviors -- i.e. how he performed ablutions, how he prayed, and how he performed many other acts of worship. People also asked the Prophet directly for rulings on various matters, and he would pronounce his judgment. All of these details were passed on and recorded, to be referred to in future legal rulings. Many issues concerning personal conduct, community and family relations, political matters, etc. were addressed during the time of the Prophet, decided by him, and recorded. The Sunnah can thus clarify details of what is stated generally in the Qur'an. The opposite of Sunnah is bid'ah, or innovation, which is characterized by lack of precedent and continuity with the past. In the Qur'an' the word 'Sunnah' and its plural, sunan , have been used on a number of occasions (16 times to be precise). In all these instances, Sunnah has been used to imply an established practice or course of conduct. The term Sunnah was introduced in the legal theory towards the end of the first century. It may be noted that in the late 2nd Century Hijra Imam Shafii restricted the term to the Prophetic Sunnah only. In the Usul al Fiqh Sunnah means the source of Shariah next to the Quran.But to the Ulama of Fiqh Sunnah primarily refers to a Shariah value which is not obligatory but falls in the category of Mandub or recommended. But as a source, Sunnah can create obligation (wajib), Haram, Makruh, etc. In the technical usage Sunnah and Hadith have become synonymous to mean conduct of the Prophet (SM) The Sunnah of the Prophet (SM) is a proof (Hujjah). The Quran testifies that Sunnah is divinely inspired (53:3). The Quran enjoins
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6) Legislative function of Sunnah with respect to holy Quran or relationship between Quran and Sunnah.
Quran laid down the basic principles and Sunnah explains these principles. The legislative function of Sunnah with respect to the Holy Quran or the relationship between Quran and Sunnah can be discussed as under. (a) Specification of general rule The Ahkams in the Quran is in general, undetermined form. The Sunnah restricts or qualifies these Ahkams. Example: Quran says that for the male two shares of the female the Sunnah explains that the murdered will not inherit." (b) Elaboration of Ahkams The Ahkams in Quran are general in unelaborated from. The Sunnah elaborates these Ahkams. Example: Quran order prayer, Sunnah provide for timing, number and Rak as of prayers. (c) Analogy on the basis of rule in Quran The Sunnah may add or supplement the legal provision of the Quran. Quran prohibits marriage of two sisters with one man. Sunnah prohibits it which maternal or paternal aunt. (d) Linkage of case with well known principle Sunnah links a case with the well-known principal mentioned in the Holy Quran. Example Quran has permitted all good things and has commanded the avoidance of Khabaith. The Sunnah has linked with the Khabith the consumption of animals with morals and birds with claws. (e) General principal laid down by Sunnah
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8) Conclusion:
To conclude, I can say, that Sunnah is the second primary source of Islamic law. It is interlinked with the Quran insofar as it restricts its general meaning or qualifies its absolute texts or explains its difficult words. The law is made by Quran and Sunnah. After Quran Sunnah is used for making laws and are followed by all Muslims. If Muslims do not follows they will be .punished in this world and hereafter
:References (10
/www.islamreligion.com/articles/655 http://www.angelfire.com/bc3/johnsonuk/eng/dawa/sharia.html http://www.kalamullah.com/Books/Principles%20of%20Islamic%20Jurisprudence.pdf
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