THE RICHARD STOCKTON COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY ENVL 4300, Environmental Issues Tait Chirenje February 27, 2012

Sustainable Landscaping
Dan Petela and Ryan Landol

Table of Contents

Mission Statement..........................................................................................................1 Abstract...........................................................................................................................1 Statement of Need..........................................................................................................1 Project Rationale.........................................................................................................1-4 Project Narrative..........................................................................................................4-5 Goals and Objectives..........................................................................................4 Proposed Activities..............................................................................................4 Facilities, Resources, and Project Management...............................................4 Evaluation..........................................................................................................4-5 Outreach and Dissemination..............................................................................5 Sustainability........................................................................................................5

References......................................................................................................................6 Appendices................................................................................................................7-27

Mission Statement: Our mission is to develop sustainable landscaping practices for the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey based on native plant species initiatives and rain barrel installation to further improve the overall ecological footprint of the campus. Abstract: There are 839 native plant species in Atlantic County-appendix 1, 78 of which are trees (Native Plants of New Jersey Lists). Native plants are adapted to an areas soil, geology, and climate which lead to low maintenance and up-keep. Native plants used for landscaping are more adaptable to natural environments, have greater resistance to droughts, insects, and disease; require little to no fertilizers or irrigation, and conserve water supply. A rain barrel is a waterproof container that collects and stores rainwater from your roof before it ows into a storm drain or natural runoff. Rain barrels, depending on size, are able to ll to capacity within minutes of a rain event. The stored water would be used to water native trees, shrubs, and grasses. Using native plants that require little water in conjunction with rain barrels is known as Xeriscaping. It helps conserve groundwater reserves and protects the environment simultaneously. Statement of Need: Individual plantings near and around the campus center seem to be showing signs of illness, which leads to an un-aesthetically pleasing landscape. By simply replacing the plantings with native vegetation, the issue could easily be solved, while at the same time improving the overall ecological health of the campus. In addition, the installation of rain barrels will create a sustainable water supply without having to access or pay for the use of groundwater; saving water and money. Project Rationale: Here at Stockton College, great strides have been made in attaining a more sustainable campus environment. A geothermal heating and cooling system, new solar car ports, and water saving bathrooms in the new campus center all highlight efforts to become more environmentally conscious and responsible. However, one aspect of the

campus is clearly noticeable; the struggling nature of the new campus center plantings. No amount of water or sunlight will aid these plants in recovering, as a good amount of them are already passed salvageable, because of poorly planned out spacing of the plants. We would like to propose taking out the dead or struggling plantings, while also installing rain collection barrels around the campus center landscape area, so as to create a more self-sustaining environment while also retaining its aesthetic value. In talking with Daniel Woolslayer, director of plant management, he stated, as for the plantings they were selected for the purpose you highlighted; drought resistant, indigenous to the area, aesthetics. This means there is no real need to remove or replace current plantings that are still alive and healthy, since they have already been selected for the above stated reasons. We simply need to remove the less fortunate and unsightly plantings that could not survive the shock of their initial planting last spring. Our belief is, they were planted in such close proximity to each other, they essentially choked each other off and only some were able to survive the conditions of a Southern New Jersey summer. According to Dr. Jamie Cromartie "While landscaping should generally consist of native plant material, the existing campus is already disturbed and the Pinelands Commission has determined that landscaping can consist of any plant material that can exist in nutrient-poor and droughty soil." We feel that even though the campus is disturbed, adding native vegetation can slowly bring the campus ecology back to where it once was. New Jersey State Legislature requires each State entity to develop and submit to the Division of Parks and Forestry in the Department of Environmental Protection, a plan for compensatory reforestation for all areas at least one-half acre in size that are owned or maintained by the State entity and are scheduled for deforestation. The current Facilities Master Plan does not anticipate any near termclearing of forested lands in an amount equal to one half acre. If a reforestation plan is required, it will include appropriate and approved methods for the planting, protection, care and management of trees and other related natural resources. Plans must provide for reforestation in order of priority (NJ Legislation): On campus

 On State or municipal property within the municipality in which the deforestation occurred. Within ve miles of the site of the deforestation or, Off-site and outside the ve mile radius of deforestation. Additionally, we would like to include the installation of 2, 1200 gallon rain barrels around the campus center, so as to ease the strain on water usage and irrigation of these plantings. They are valued at $2,000 each (Woodland Direct). They would be installed at the drainage spouts of the campus center, and would provide ample water for irrigation. In fact, Woodland Directs website, a typical one inch rain event landing on 1,000 square feet of roof produces around 600 gallons of water. When examining our average precipitation for the year, Atlantic City Airport (approximately 8 miles from campus) received about 42 inches of rainwater per year on average from 1981-2010Appendix II (Rutgers University, 2010). When comparing this to the gures above, this equates to 25,200 gallons of rainwater available for harvesting each year (this is only for 1,000 square feet of roof), providing an ample amount of water for the plantings; especially since they are already drought resistant and used to the typical conditions of the area. By installing the two 1200 gallon barrels to start, there would be 2400 gallons of water continuously available for watering. Installing these barrels will not only cut down on the reliance of groundwater reserves for watering, but will also help to cement us as an environmentally responsible and sustainably driven college. In fact, other campuses have already installed rain barrels for their landscaping needs, and have been a tremendous success. At Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, two rain barrels were installed, and have aided in the resurrection of their greenhouse (Butler University). In an article from the Baltimore Sun, St. Johns College in Maryland has been recognized as well for their installation of rain barrels. It is suspected that they will have an impact on the health of nearby creeks and the Chesapeake Bay and hope to persuade the schools administration to install more (Baltimore Sun). Lastly, a project from Western Kentucky University utilized large barrels, formerly used to transport syrup, from the Pepsi Company to reuse as rain

barrels. With the help of the student body, they were able to recycle 2 of the Pepsi barrels into rain barrels, and have been successful (Western Kentucky). Project Narrative: Goals and Objectives The goals of implementing green landscaping practices are intended to reduce overall groundwater usage, save time and money by not having to replace unsightly plantings seasonally by using natural rainfall water, and to create a sustainable aesthetically pleasing atmosphere. Proposed Activities There are three actions that need to take place to complete this proposal. First would be to remove the dead and dying plantings around the Campus Center. Second, replace them (if needed) with native vegetation. Lastly, install the two 1,200 gallon rain barrels. Facilities, Resources, and Project Management Two 1200 gallon Rain Water Harvest Round- $4,000 All-State Gutters is a New Jersey based company that specializes in gutters and rain barrels. Their services include consultation, supervision, free estimates, and rain barrel installation (All State Gutters). Plant management staff to remove the unhealthy plantings Student volunteers or plant management to plant new vegetation

Evaluation The evaluation of these landscaping techniques can be easily monitored. To quantify valid data student volunteers can grade the quality and growth of the new plantings by keeping a detailed record of plant development. In terms of evaluating the amount of water saved by rain barrels, plan management would have to record the

amount of water used each time the grounds are watered. This can be done by adding measurement marks on the side of the rain barrels to see the amount of water used. This data would then be compared to previous water usage data to calculate the amount of water saved. Outreach and Dissemination Outreach and dissemination can be accomplished by getting several of the campus clubs involved. For example, S.A.V.E., Water Watch, and Energy Corps. These clubs already do a number of outreach activities. Water barrels and the importance of native vegetation can easily be augmented into Water Watch's K-12 education program and/or their community outreach program. Its simple for homes to implement rain barrels and native plants at a smaller low cost scale. A rain barrel can be made or purchased from a local garden supply for about 100 dollars depending on size. Saving homeowners and businesses on their landscaping expenses. Sustainability By implementing these two landscaping practices, it will immediately create a sustainable landscape environment, in terms of water use. In addition, it is simple to expand this project by increasing the size or quantity of rain barrels and by installing them elsewhere on campus where heavy landscaping or future landscaping will take place.

References: All-State Gutters Englishtown, NJ, Gutters and Gutter Toppers http://www.allstateguttersnj1.com/ The Baltimore Sun (April 26, 2009). An Earth Day of Rain and Rain Barrels. Retrieved 2/16/2012, from http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2009-04-26/news/ 0904240020_1_rain-barrels-chesapeake-bay-rain-gardens Butler University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Environmental Lessons in Rain Barrels, Revived Greenhouse. Retrieved 2/13/2012, from http://www.butler.edu/las/las-shortridge-connection/rainwater-project/ Duvall, Christopher (2010). New Jersey Monthly Temperature and Precipitation Normals; based on data from 1981-2010. Retrieved 2/13/2012, from http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/norms/monthly/precip.htm New Jersey State Legislature amended Section 2 of P.L. 1993, c. 106 http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/ The Native Plant Society of New Jersey, Native Plants of New Jersey Lists http://www.npsnj.org/lists_njplants.htm Western Kentucky, Center for Environmental Education and Sustainability. Rain Barrel Project. Retrieved 2/16/2012, from http://www.wku.edu/cees/ rain_barrel_project.php Woodland Direct. Retrieved 2/16/2012, from http://www.woodlanddirect.com/ Outdoor/Over-100-Gallon-Rain-Barrels/Rain- Water-Harvest-Round Tan-1200-Gallon

Appendices I. Native plants and trees of Atlantic County, New Jersey

Scientific Name Acalypha gracilens

Acalypha rhomboidea Acer rubrum Acorus calamus Adiantum pedatum Aeschynomene virginica Agalinis maritima Agalinis purpurea Agalinis setacea Ageratina altissima Ageratina aromatica Agrimonia parviflora Agrostis hyemalis Agrostis perennans Aletris farinosa Alnus serrulata Amaranthus cannabinus Amaranthus pumilus Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier canadensis Amelanchier obovalis Amelanchier stolonifera Ammophila breviligulata Amorpha fruticosa Amphicarpum purshii Anaphalis margaritacea Andropogon gyrans Andropogon virginicus Anemone quinquefolia Anemone virginiana Antennaria neglecta Antennaria plantaginifolia Apios americana Apocynum floribundum Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum Indianhemp Aquilegia canadensis red columbine

Common Name slender threeseed mercury common threeseed mercury red maple calamus northern maidenhair Virginia jointvetch saltmarsh false foxglove purple false foxglove threadleaf false foxglove white snakeroot lesser snakeroot harvestlice winter bentgrass upland bentgrass white colicroot hazel alder tidalmarsh amaranth seaside amaranth common serviceberry Canadian serviceberry coastal serviceberry running serviceberry American beachgrass desert false indigo blue maidencane western pearly everlasting Elliott's bluestem broomsedge bluestem wood anemone tall thimbleweed field pussytoes woman's tobacco groundnut

Duration Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Growth Habit Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Shrub Shrub Graminoid Shrub Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Arabis lyrata Aralia nudicaulis Arethusa bulbosa Arisaema triphyllum Aristida longespica Aristida oligantha Aristida purpurascens Arnica acaulis Artemisia campestris Artemisia ludoviciana Asclepias amplexicaulis Asclepias incarnata Asclepias lanceolata Asclepias purpurascens Asclepias rubra Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias variegata Asimina triloba Asplenium platyneuron Athyrium filix-femina Atriplex cristata Aureolaria flava Aureolaria pedicularia Aureolaria virginica Baccharis halimifolia Baptisia tinctoria Bartonia paniculata Bartonia virginica Betula nigra Betula populifolia Bidens aristosa Bidens bidentoides Bidens bipinnata Bidens cernua Bidens coronata Bidens discoidea Bidens frondosa Bidens laevis Bidens tripartita Bidens vulgata Boltonia asteroides

lyrate rockcress wild sarsaparilla dragon's mouth Jack in the pulpit slimspike threeawn prairie threeawn arrowfeather threeawn common leopardbane field sagewort white sagebrush clasping milkweed swamp milkweed fewflower milkweed purple milkweed red milkweed butterfly milkweed redring milkweed pawpaw ebony spleenwort common ladyfern crested saltbush smooth yellow false foxglove fernleaf yellow false foxglove downy yellow false foxglove eastern baccharis horseflyweed twining screwstem yellow screwstem river birch gray birch bearded beggarticks Delmarva beggarticks Spanish needles nodding beggartick crowned beggarticks small beggarticks devil's beggartick smooth beggartick threelobe beggarticks big devils beggartick white doll's daisy

Biennial, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Biennial, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial Annual Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual, Perennial Annual Annual Perennial

Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb, Shrub, Subshrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree Tree Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Botrychium dissectum Brasenia schreberi Brickellia eupatorioides Bromus pubescens Bulbostylis capillaris Cakile edentula Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis coarctata Calamovilfa brevipilis Callitriche heterophylla Callitriche terrestris Calopogon tuberosus Cardamine parviflora Carex alata Carex albolutescens Carex annectens Carex atlantica Carex barrattii Carex bullata Carex canescens Carex cephalophora Carex collinsii Carex complanata Carex crinita Carex cumulata Carex debilis Carex exilis Carex folliculata Carex glaucodea Carex intumescens Carex lasiocarpa Carex livida Carex lurida Carex muehlenbergii Carex pedunculata Carex pensylvanica Carex scoparia Carex seorsa Carex silicea Carex stipata Carex straminea Carex striata Carex swanii

cutleaf grapefern watershield false boneset hairy woodland brome densetuft hairsedge

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Biennial, American searocket Perennial bluejoint Perennial arctic reedgrass Perennial pine barren sandreed Perennial twoheaded water-starwort Annual, Perennial terrestrial water-starwort Annual tuberous grasspink Perennial sand bittercress Annual broadwing sedge Perennial greenwhite sedge Perennial yellowfruit sedge Perennial prickly bog sedge Perennial Barratt's sedge Perennial button sedge Perennial silvery sedge Perennial oval-leaf sedge Perennial Collins' sedge Perennial hirsute sedge Perennial fringed sedge Perennial clustered sedge Perennial white edge sedge Perennial coastal sedge Perennial northern long sedge Perennial blue sedge Perennial greater bladder sedge Perennial woollyfruit sedge Perennial livid sedge Perennial shallow sedge Perennial Muhlenberg's sedge Perennial longstalk sedge Perennial Pennsylvania sedge Perennial broom sedge Perennial weak stellate sedge Perennial beach sedge Perennial awlfruit sedge Perennial eastern straw sedge Perennial Walter's sedge Perennial Swan's sedge Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid

Carex tenera Carex trisperma Carex tuckermanii Carex umbellata Carex venusta Carex vestita Carex vulpinoidea Carya alba Carya pallida Castanea dentata Castilleja coccinea Celtis occidentalis Celtis tenuifolia Cenchrus longispinus Cenchrus tribuloides Cephalanthus occidentalis Ceratophyllum echinatum Chamaecrista fasciculata Chamaecrista nictitans Chamaecyparis thyoides Chamaedaphne calyculata Chamaesyce maculata Chamaesyce nutans Chamaesyce polygonifolia Chamerion angustifolium Chasmanthium laxum Chenopodium pratericola Chenopodium rubrum Chimaphila maculata Chimaphila umbellata Chionanthus virginicus Chrysopsis mariana Cicuta bulbifera Cicuta maculata Cinna arundinacea Cirsium horridulum Cirsium pumilum Cirsium virginianum Cladium mariscoides Clethra alnifolia Clinopodium vulgare Clitoria mariana Coelorachis rugosa

quill sedge threeseeded sedge Tuckerman's sedge parasol sedge darkgreen sedge velvet sedge fox sedge mockernut hickory sand hickory American chestnut scarlet Indian paintbrush common hackberry dwarf hackberry mat sandbur sanddune sandbur common buttonbush spineless hornwort partridge pea sensitive partridge pea Atlantic white cedar leatherleaf spotted sandmat eyebane seaside sandmat fireweed slender woodoats desert goosefoot red goosefoot striped prince's pine pipsissewa white fringetree Maryland goldenaster bulblet-bearing water hemlock spotted water hemlock sweet woodreed yellow thistle pasture thistle Virginia thistle smooth sawgrass coastal sweetpepperbush wild basil Atlantic pigeonwings wrinkled jointtail grass

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Annual Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual, Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Biennial, Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial Perennial Biennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Tree Tree Tree Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Graminoid Graminoid Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Tree Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub Subshrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Shrub Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Graminoid

Comandra umbellata Comptonia peregrina Conoclinium coelestinum Conyza canadensis Corema conradii Coreopsis lanceolata Coreopsis rosea Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus intricata Crataegus pedicellata Crataegus pruinosa Crataegus uniflora Croton glandulosus Croton willdenowii Cuphea viscosissima Cuscuta compacta Cuscuta coryli Cuscuta gronovii Cuscuta pentagona Cycloloma atriplicifolium Cyperus bipartitus Cyperus dentatus Cyperus echinatus Cyperus erythrorhizos Cyperus filicinus Cyperus flavescens Cyperus grayi Cyperus lupulinus Cyperus odoratus Cyperus polystachyos Cyperus retrofractus Cyperus retrorsus Cyperus schweinitzii Cyperus strigosus Cystopteris tenuis Danthonia compressa Danthonia sericea Decodon verticillatus Dennstaedtia punctilobula Deschampsia flexuosa Desmodium canadense Desmodium ciliare Desmodium glabellum Desmodium laevigatum

bastard toadflax sweet fern blue mistflower Canadian horseweed broom crowberry lanceleaf tickseed pink tickseed cockspur hawthorn Copenhagen hawthorn scarlet hawthorn waxyfruit hawthorn dwarf hawthorn vente conmigo Willdenow's croton blue waxweed compact dodder hazel dodder scaldweed fiveangled dodder winged pigweed slender flatsedge toothed flatsedge globe flatsedge redroot flatsedge fern flatsedge yellow flatsedge Gray's flatsedge Great Plains flatsedge fragrant flatsedge manyspike flatsedge rough flatsedge pine barren flatsedge Schweinitz's flatsedge strawcolored flatsedge upland brittle bladderfern flattened oatgrass downy danthonia swamp loosestrife eastern hayscented fern wavy hairgrass showy ticktrefoil hairy small-leaf ticktrefoil Dillenius' ticktrefoil smooth ticktrefoil

Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

smooth small-leaf Desmodium marilandicum ticktrefoil Desmodium obtusum stiff ticktrefoil Desmodium paniculatum panicledleaf ticktrefoil Desmodium rotundifolium prostrate ticktrefoil Desmodium sessilifolium sessileleaf ticktrefoil Desmodium strictum pine barren ticktrefoil Desmodium viridiflorum velvetleaf ticktrefoil Dichanthelium acuminatum tapered rosette grass Dichanthelium clandestinum deertongue Dichanthelium commutatum variable panicgrass Dichanthelium depauperatum starved panicgrass Dichanthelium dichotomum cypress panicgrass Dichanthelium hirstii Hirst's panicgrass Dichanthelium leucothrix rough panicgrass Dichanthelium meridionale matting rosette grass Dichanthelium ovale eggleaf rosette grass Dichanthelium sabulorum hemlock rosette grass Dichanthelium scabriusculum woolly rosette grass Dichanthelium scoparium velvet panicum Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon roundseed panicgrass Dichanthelium spretum Eaton's rosette grass Dichanthelium villosissimum whitehair rosette grass Dichanthelium wrightianum Wright's rosette grass Digitaria cognata fall witchgrass Digitaria filiformis slender crabgrass Diodia teres poorjoe Dioscorea villosa wild yam Diospyros virginiana common persimmon Distichlis spicata saltgrass Doellingeria umbellata parasol whitetop Drosera filiformis threadleaf sundew Drosera intermedia spoonleaf sundew Drosera rotundifolia roundleaf sundew Dryopteris triploidea Dryopteris carthusiana spinulose woodfern Dryopteris cristata crested woodfern Dryopteris marginalis marginal woodfern Dulichium arundinaceum threeway sedge Echinochloa muricata rough barnyardgrass Eclipta prostrata false daisy Elatine minima small waterwort

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual, Perennial Annual

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Tree Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb

Eleocharis acicularis Eleocharis equisetoides Eleocharis fallax Eleocharis flavescens Eleocharis microcarpa Eleocharis ovata Eleocharis palustris Eleocharis parvula Eleocharis robbinsii Eleocharis rostellata Eleocharis tenuis Eleocharis tortilis Eleocharis tricostata Eleocharis tuberculosa Elymus villosus Elymus virginicus Epigaea repens Epilobium coloratum Equisetum ferrissii Equisetum arvense Equisetum hyemale Eragrostis capillaris Eragrostis pectinacea Eragrostis pilosa Eragrostis spectabilis Erechtites hieraciifolia

Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial field horsetail Perennial scouringrush horsetail Perennial lace grass Annual tufted lovegrass Annual, Perennial Indian lovegrass Annual purple lovegrass Perennial American burnweed Annual Annual, Biennial, Erigeron strigosus prairie fleabane Perennial Eriocaulon aquaticum sevenangle pipewort Perennial Eriocaulon compressum flattened pipewort Perennial Eriocaulon decangulare tenangle pipewort Perennial Eriocaulon parkeri estuary pipewort Perennial Eriophorum tenellum fewnerved cottongrass Perennial Eriophorum virginicum tawny cottongrass Perennial Eryngium aquaticum rattlesnakemaster Biennial Eubotrys racemosa swamp doghobble Perennial Eupatoriadelphus dubius coastal plain joe pye weed Perennial Eupatoriadelphus maculatus spotted trumpetweed Perennial Eupatorium album white thoroughwort Perennial Eupatorium hyssopifolium hyssopleaf thoroughwort Perennial Eupatorium leucolepis justiceweed Perennial Eupatorium perfoliatum common boneset Perennial Eupatorium resinosum pine barren thoroughwort Perennial Eupatorium rotundifolium roundleaf thoroughwort Perennial

needle spikerush jointed spikesedge creeping spikerush yellow spikerush smallfruit spikerush ovate spikerush common spikerush dwarf spikerush Robbins' spikerush beaked spikerush slender spikerush twisted spikerush three-angle spikerush cone-cup spikerush hairy wildrye Virginia wildrye trailing arbutus purpleleaf willowherb

Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb, Subshrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

lateflowering thoroughwort Perennial flowering spurge Perennial American ipecac Perennial slender aster Perennial eastern showy aster Perennial slender goldentop Perennial flat-top goldentop Perennial American beech Perennial queen of the prairie Perennial slender fimbry Annual Carolina fimbry Perennial marsh fimbry Perennial Virginia strawberry Perennial slender snakecotton Annual dwarf umbrella-sedge Annual hairy umbrella-sedge Perennial eastern milkpea Perennial hairy bedstraw Perennial threepetal bedstraw Perennial spoonleaf purple Gamochaeta purpurea everlasting Annual, Biennial Gaylussacia baccata black huckleberry Perennial Gaylussacia dumosa dwarf huckleberry Perennial Gaylussacia frondosa blue huckleberry Perennial Gentiana autumnalis pine barren gentian Perennial Gentiana clausa bottle gentian Perennial Geranium carolinianum Carolina geranium Annual, Biennial Geum canadense white avens Perennial Geum virginianum cream avens Perennial Glaux maritima sea milkwort Perennial Glyceria canadensis rattlesnake mannagrass Perennial Glyceria obtusa Atlantic mannagrass Perennial Goodyera pubescens downy rattlesnake plantainPerennial Gratiola aurea golden hedgehyssop Perennial Gymnopogon ambiguus bearded skeletongrass Perennial American false Hedeoma pulegioides pennyroyal Annual Helenium autumnale common sneezeweed Perennial Helianthemum bicknellii hoary frostweed Perennial Helianthemum canadense longbranch frostweed Perennial Helianthemum propinquum low frostweed Perennial Helianthus angustifolius swamp sunflower Perennial Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower Perennial Helianthus giganteus giant sunflower Perennial Eupatorium serotinum Euphorbia corollata Euphorbia ipecacuanhae Eurybia compacta Eurybia spectabilis Euthamia caroliniana Euthamia graminifolia Fagus grandifolia Filipendula rubra Fimbristylis autumnalis Fimbristylis caroliniana Fimbristylis castanea Fragaria virginiana Froelichia gracilis Fuirena pumila Fuirena squarrosa Galactia regularis Galium pilosum Galium trifidum

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb, Subshrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb, Vine Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub Subshrub, Shrub Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Helianthus grosseserratus Helianthus mollis Helonias bullata Heterotheca subaxillaris Hibiscus moscheutos Hieracium gronovii Hieracium kalmii Hieracium scabrum Hieracium venosum Hierochloe hirta Honckenya peploides Hordeum jubatum Hudsonia ericoides Hudsonia tomentosa Hydrocotyle umbellata Hydrocotyle verticillata Hypericum adpressum Hypericum ascyron Hypericum boreale Hypericum canadense Hypericum crux-andreae Hypericum densiflorum Hypericum denticulatum Hypericum gentianoides Hypericum gymnanthum Hypericum hypericoides Hypericum mutilum Ilex glabra Ilex laevigata Ilex mucronata Ilex opaca Ilex verticillata Impatiens capensis Ionactis linariifolius Ipomoea pandurata Iris prismatica Iris versicolor Isoetes engelmannii Isoetes tenella Isotria verticillata Itea virginica Iva frutescens Juncus acuminatus

sawtooth sunflower ashy sunflower swamppink camphorweed crimsoneyed rosemallow queendevil Kalm's hawkweed rough hawkweed rattlesnakeweed northern sweetgrass seaside sandplant foxtail barley pine barren goldenheather woolly beachheather manyflower marshpennywort whorled marshpennywort creeping St. Johnswort great St. Johnswort northern St. Johnswort lesser Canadian St. Johnswort St. Peterswort bushy St. Johnswort coppery St. Johnswort orangegrass claspingleaf St. Johnswort St. Andrew's cross dwarf St. Johnswort inkberry smooth winterberry catberry American holly common winterberry jewelweed flaxleaf whitetop aster man of the earth slender blue iris harlequin blueflag Appalachian quillwort spiny-spore quillwort large whorled pogonia Virginia sweetspire Jesuit's bark tapertip rush

Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Subshrub, Shrub Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Shrub Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Shrub Tree, Shrub Shrub, Tree Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Shrub Subshrub, Forb/herb Graminoid

Juncus biflorus Juncus bufonius Juncus caesariensis Juncus canadensis Juncus debilis Juncus dichotomus Juncus effusus Juncus gerardii Juncus marginatus Juncus militaris Juncus pelocarpus Juncus scirpoides Juncus subcaudatus Juncus tenuis Juncus torreyi Juniperus virginiana Kalmia angustifolia Kalmia latifolia Kosteletzkya virginica Krigia biflora Lachnanthes caroliana Lactuca canadensis Lactuca hirsuta Lathyrus japonicus Lechea intermedia Lechea maritima Lechea minor Lechea mucronata Lechea pulchella Lechea racemulosa Leersia oryzoides Leiophyllum buxifolium Lemna perpusilla Leptochloa fusca Lespedeza nuttallii Lespedeza angustifolia Lespedeza frutescens Lespedeza hirta Lespedeza procumbens Lespedeza repens Lespedeza stuevei Lespedeza virginica Liatris pilosa Liatris spicata

bog rush Perennial toad rush Annual New Jersey rush Perennial Canadian rush Perennial weak rush Annual, Perennial forked rush Perennial common rush Perennial saltmeadow rush Perennial grassleaf rush Perennial bayonet rush Perennial brownfruit rush Perennial needlepod rush Perennial woodland rush Perennial poverty rush Perennial Torrey's rush Perennial eastern redcedar Perennial sheep laurel Perennial mountain laurel Perennial Virginia saltmarsh mallow Perennial twoflower dwarfdandelion Perennial Carolina redroot Perennial Canada lettuce Annual, Biennial hairy lettuce Biennial beach pea Perennial largepod pinweed Perennial beach pinweed Perennial thymeleaf pinweed Perennial hairy pinweed Perennial Leggett's pinweed Perennial Illinois pinweed Perennial rice cutgrass Perennial sandmyrtle Perennial minute duckweed Perennial Malabar sprangletop Annual, Perennial Perennial narrowleaf lespedeza Perennial shrubby lespedeza Perennial hairy lespedeza Perennial trailing lespedeza Perennial creeping lespedeza Perennial tall lespedeza Perennial slender lespedeza Perennial shaggy blazing star Perennial dense blazing star Perennial

Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Tree Shrub Tree, Shrub Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Lilaeopsis chinensis Lilium canadense Lilium philadelphicum Lilium superbum Limonium carolinianum Limosella australis Lindera benzoin

eastern grasswort Canada lily wood lily turk's-cap lily lavender thrift Welsh mudwort northern spicebush yellowseed false Lindernia dubia pimpernel Linum intercursum sandplain flax Linum medium stiff yellow flax Linum striatum ridged yellow flax Linum virginianum woodland flax Liparis liliifolia brown widelip orchid Liparis loeselii yellow widelip orchid Listera australis southern twayblade Lobelia boykinii Boykin's lobelia Lobelia canbyi Canby's lobelia Lobelia cardinalis cardinalflower Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco Lobelia nuttallii Nuttall's lobelia Lobelia puberula downy lobelia Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia Lobelia spicata palespike lobelia Lophiola aurea goldencrest Ludwigia alternifolia seedbox Ludwigia hirtella spindleroot narrowleaf primroseLudwigia linearis willow globefruit primroseLudwigia sphaerocarpa willow Lupinus perennis sundial lupine Lycopodiella alopecuroides foxtail clubmoss Lycopodiella caroliniana slender clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata inundated clubmoss Lycopodium digitatum fan clubmoss Lycopodium obscurum rare clubmoss Lycopodium tristachyum deeproot clubmoss American water Lycopus americanus horehound Lycopus amplectens clasping water horehound Lycopus uniflorus northern bugleweed Lycopus virginicus Virginia water horehound Lyonia ligustrina maleberry Lyonia mariana piedmont staggerbush

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Annual, Biennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub Shrub

Lysimachia hybrida Lysimachia quadrifolia Lysimachia terrestris Lythrum lineare Magnolia virginiana Maianthemum canadense Maianthemum racemosum Malaxis unifolia Malus angustifolia Malus coronaria Medeola virginiana Melampyrum lineare Mikania scandens Mimulus ringens Minuartia caroliniana Mirabilis nyctaginea Mitchella repens Moehringia lateriflora Mollugo verticillata Monarda punctata Monotropa hypopithys Monotropa uniflora Morella caroliniensis Morella cerifera Morella pensylvanica Muhlenbergia capillaris Muhlenbergia schreberi Muhlenbergia sylvatica Muhlenbergia torreyana Muhlenbergia uniflora Myriophyllum heterophyllum Myriophyllum humile Myriophyllum tenellum Najas flexilis Najas guadalupensis Narthecium americanum Nuphar lutea Nuttallanthus canadensis Nymphaea odorata Nymphoides cordata Oclemena nemoralis

lowland yellow loosestrife Perennial whorled yellow loosestrife Perennial earth loosestrife Perennial wand lythrum Perennial sweetbay Perennial Canada mayflower Perennial feathery false lily of the valley Perennial green adder's-mouth orchid Perennial southern crab apple Perennial sweet crab apple Perennial Indian cucumber Perennial narrowleaf cowwheat Annual climbing hempvine Perennial Allegheny monkeyflower Perennial pine barren stitchwort Perennial heartleaf four o'clock Perennial partridgeberry Perennial bluntleaf sandwort Perennial green carpetweed Annual Annual, Biennial, spotted beebalm Perennial pinesap Perennial Indianpipe Perennial southern bayberry Perennial wax myrtle Perennial northern bayberry Perennial hairawn muhly Perennial nimblewill Perennial woodland muhly Perennial New Jersey muhly Perennial bog muhly Perennial twoleaf watermilfoil low watermilfoil slender watermilfoil nodding waternymph southern waternymph yellow asphodel yellow pond-lily Canada toadflax American white waterlily little floatingheart bog aster Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Tree, Subshrub, Shrub Tree, Shrub Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Oenothera biennis

common evening primrose Biennial narrowleaf evening Oenothera fruticosa primrose Perennial seabeach evening Oenothera humifusa primrose Perennial Oenothera laciniata cutleaf evening primrose Annual, Perennial Oenothera perennis little evening primrose Perennial Oldenlandia uniflora clustered mille graines Annual Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern Perennial Onosmodium virginianum wild Job's tears Perennial Ophioglossum pusillum northern adderstongue Perennial Ophioglossum vulgatum southern adderstongue Perennial Opuntia humifusa devil's-tongue Perennial Orontium aquaticum goldenclub Perennial Orthilia secunda sidebells wintergreen Perennial Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern Perennial Osmunda regalis royal fern Perennial Oxypolis rigidior stiff cowbane Perennial Packera aurea golden ragwort Perennial Packera tomentosa woolly ragwort Perennial Panicum amarum bitter panicgrass Perennial Panicum anceps beaked panicgrass Perennial Panicum hemitomon maidencane Perennial Panicum philadelphicum Philadelphia panicgrass Annual Panicum rigidulum redtop panicgrass Perennial Panicum verrucosum warty panicgrass Annual Panicum virgatum switchgrass Perennial Paronychia fastigiata hairy forked nailwort Annual Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Perennial Paspalum dissectum mudbank crowngrass Perennial Paspalum laeve field paspalum Perennial Paspalum setaceum thin paspalum Perennial Peltandra virginica green arrow arum Perennial Phalaris arundinacea reed canarygrass Perennial Phoradendron leucarpum oak mistletoe Perennial Photinia melanocarpa black chokeberry Perennial Photinia pyrifolia red chokeberry Perennial Phragmites australis Physalis heterophylla Pinus echinata Pinus rigida Pinus strobus Pinus virginiana Piptochaetium avenaceum common reed clammy groundcherry shortleaf pine pitch pine eastern white pine Virginia pine blackseed speargrass Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub Forb/herb Subshrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Vine Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Subshrub, Shrub Shrub Shrub Subshrub, Shrub, Graminoid Forb/herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Graminoid

Pityopsis falcata Plantago aristata Plantago maritima Plantago rugelii Platanthera blephariglottis Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera cristata Platanthera integra Pluchea camphorata Pluchea odorata Poa palustris Pogonia ophioglossoides Polygala brevifolia Polygala cruciata Polygala lutea Polygala mariana Polygala nuttallii Polygala polygama Polygala verticillata Polygonella articulata Polygonum amphibium Polygonum careyi Polygonum glaucum Polygonum hydropiperoides Polygonum pensylvanicum Polygonum ramosissimum Polygonum tenue Polypodium virginianum Polystichum acrostichoides Pontederia cordata Populus heterophylla Potamogeton confervoides Potamogeton diversifolius Potamogeton foliosus Potamogeton oakesianus Potamogeton perfoliatus Potamogeton pulcher Potamogeton pusillus Potentilla arguta Potentilla canadensis Potentilla norvegica Potentilla simplex Prenanthes autumnalis

sickleleaf silkgrass largebracted plantain goose tongue blackseed plantain white fringed orchid yellow fringed orchid crested yellow orchid yellow fringeless orchid camphor pluchea sweetscent fowl bluegrass snakemouth orchid littleleaf milkwort drumheads orange milkwort Maryland milkwort Nuttall's milkwort racemed milkwort whorled milkwort coastal jointweed water knotweed Carey's smartweed seaside knotweed swamp smartweed Pennsylvania smartweed bushy knotweed pleatleaf knotweed rock polypody Christmas fern pickerelweed swamp cottonwood Tuckerman's pondweed waterthread pondweed leafy pondweed Oakes' pondweed claspingleaf pondweed spotted pondweed small pondweed tall cinquefoil dwarf cinquefoil Norwegian cinquefoil common cinquefoil slender rattlesnakeroot

Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Biennial Annual Annual Biennial Annual Annual Perennial Annual Annual, Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial, Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Prenanthes serpentaria cankerweed Proserpinaca palustris marsh mermaidweed Proserpinaca pectinata combleaf mermaidweed Prunella vulgaris common selfheal Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum Prunus maritima beach plum Prunus pumila sandcherry Prunus serotina black cherry Pseudognaphalium helleri Heller's cudweed Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium rabbit-tobacco Pteridium aquilinum western brackenfern Ptilimnium capillaceum herbwilliam Puccinellia fasciculata saltmarsh alkaligrass Pycnanthemum clinopodioides basil mountainmint Pycnanthemum incanum hoary mountainmint Pycnanthemum muticum clustered mountainmint Pycnanthemum setosum awned mountainmint Pycnanthemum verticillatum whorled mountainmint Pyrola americana American wintergreen greenflowered Pyrola chlorantha wintergreen Pyrola elliptica waxflower shinleaf Pyxidanthera barbulata flowering pixiemoss Quercus coccinea scarlet oak Quercus falcata southern red oak Quercus ilicifolia bear oak Quercus marilandica blackjack oak Quercus prinoides dwarf chinkapin oak Quercus prinus chestnut oak Quercus rubra northern red oak Quercus stellata post oak Quercus velutina black oak Ranunculus cymbalaria alkali buttercup Rhexia aristosa awnpetal meadowbeauty Rhexia mariana Maryland meadowbeauty Rhexia virginica handsome Harry Rhododendron periclymenoides pink azalea Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea Rhus copallinum winged sumac Rhynchospora alba white beaksedge Rhynchospora capitellata brownish beaksedge Rhynchospora cephalantha bunched beaksedge

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual, Biennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Shrub Shrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub Subshrub Subshrub Subshrub, Forb/herb Tree Tree Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub Shrub Tree, Shrub Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid

Rhynchospora chalarocephala Rhynchospora fusca Rhynchospora gracilenta

loosehead beaksedge brown beaksedge slender beaksedge narrowfruit horned Rhynchospora inundata beaksedge Rhynchospora knieskernii Knieskern's beaksedge Rhynchospora macrostachya tall horned beaksedge Rhynchospora microcephala smallhead beaksedge Rhynchospora nitens shortbeak beaksedge Rhynchospora pallida pale beaksedge Rhynchospora rariflora fewflower beaksedge Rhynchospora scirpoides longbeak beaksedge Rhynchospora torreyana Torrey's beaksedge Robinia hispida bristly locust Robinia viscosa clammy locust Rorippa palustris Rosa palustris Rosa virginiana Rotala ramosior Rubus cuneifolius Rubus flagellaris Rubus hispidus Rubus occidentalis Rudbeckia hirta Rumex hastatulus Ruppia maritima Sabatia angularis Sabatia campanulata Sabatia difformis Sabatia dodecandra Sabatia stellaris Saccharum alopecuroides Saccharum giganteum Sagina decumbens Sagittaria calycina Sagittaria engelmanniana Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria teres Salicornia bigelovii Salicornia depressa Salix humilis Salix interior bog yellowcress swamp rose Virginia rose lowland rotala sand blackberry northern dewberry bristly dewberry black raspberry blackeyed Susan heartwing sorrel widgeongrass rosepink slender rose gentian lanceleaf rose gentian marsh rose gentian rose of Plymouth silver plumegrass sugarcane plumegrass trailing pearlwort hooded arrowhead Engelmann's arrowhead broadleaf arrowhead slender arrowhead dwarf saltwort Virginia glasswort prairie willow sandbar willow

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial, Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial, Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial

Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Subshrub Subshrub Forb/herb Subshrub Subshrub Subshrub Subshrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb, Subshrub Shrub Shrub, Tree

Salix nigra Salvia lyrata Sanicula canadensis Sarracenia purpurea Sassafras albidum Schizachyrium scoparium Schizaea pusilla Schoenoplectus americanus Schoenoplectus maritimus Schoenoplectus robustus Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Schwalbea americana Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus longii Scirpus pendulus Scleria minor Scleria pauciflora Scleria reticularis Scleria triglomerata Scleria verticillata Sclerolepis uniflora Scutellaria galericulata Scutellaria integrifolia Selaginella apoda Senna hebecarpa Sericocarpus asteroides Sericocarpus linifolius Sesuvium maritimum Setaria magna Setaria parviflora Silene antirrhina Sisyrinchium atlanticum Sisyrinchium fuscatum Sisyrinchium mucronatum Sium suave Smilax glauca Smilax herbacea Smilax laurifolia Smilax rotundifolia Smilax tamnoides Smilax walteri

black willow lyreleaf sage Canadian blacksnakeroot purple pitcherplant sassafras little bluestem little curlygrass fern chairmaker's bulrush cosmopolitan bulrush sturdy bulrush swaying bulrush softstem bulrush chaffseed woolgrass Long's bulrush rufous bulrush slender nutrush fewflower nutrush netted nutrush whip nutrush low nutrush pink bogbutton marsh skullcap helmet flower meadow spikemoss American senna toothed whitetop aster narrowleaf whitetop aster slender seapurslane giant bristlegrass marsh bristlegrass sleepy silene eastern blue-eyed grass coastal plain blue-eyed grass needletip blue-eyed grass hemlock waterparsnip cat greenbrier smooth carrionflower laurel greenbrier roundleaf greenbrier bristly greenbrier coral greenbrier

Perennial Perennial Biennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Tree Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Tree, Shrub Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub, Vine Vine, Forb/herb Shrub, Vine Shrub, Vine Shrub, Vine Shrub, Vine

Solanum ptycanthum Solanum rostratum Solidago arguta Solidago bicolor Solidago canadensis Solidago erecta Solidago fistulosa Solidago gigantea Solidago hispida Solidago latissimifolia Solidago nemoralis Solidago odora Solidago puberula Solidago rugosa Solidago sempervirens Solidago stricta Solidago ulmifolia Sparganium americanum Sparganium eurycarpum Spartina alterniflora Spartina cynosuroides Spartina patens Spartina pectinata Spergularia salina Sphenopholis obtusata Sphenopholis pensylvanica Spiraea alba Spiraea tomentosa Spiranthes cernua Spiranthes laciniata Spiranthes odorata Spiranthes tuberosa Spiranthes vernalis Sporobolus clandestinus Sporobolus compositus Sporobolus cryptandrus Sporobolus vaginiflorus Stachys tenuifolia Strophostyles helvola Strophostyles umbellata Stylisma pickeringii Stylosanthes biflora Symphoricarpos orbiculatus

West Indian nightshade buffalobur nightshade Atlantic goldenrod white goldenrod Canada goldenrod showy goldenrod pine barren goldenrod giant goldenrod hairy goldenrod Elliott's goldenrod gray goldenrod anisescented goldenrod downy goldenrod wrinkleleaf goldenrod seaside goldenrod wand goldenrod elmleaf goldenrod American bur-reed broadfruit bur-reed smooth cordgrass big cordgrass saltmeadow cordgrass prairie cordgrass salt sandspurry prairie wedgescale swamp wedgescale white meadowsweet steeplebush nodding lady's tresses lacelip lady's tresses marsh lady's tresses little lady's tresses spring lady's tresses rough dropseed composite dropseed sand dropseed poverty dropseed smooth hedgenettle amberique-bean pink fuzzybean Pickering's dawnflower sidebeak pencilflower coralberry

Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial, Perennial Annual, Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Shrub Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Vine, Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub

Symphyotrichum concolor eastern silver aster Symphyotrichum dumosum rice button aster Symphyotrichum ericoides white heath aster Symphyotrichum lanceolatum white panicle aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum calico aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii New York aster Symphyotrichum patens late purple aster Symphyotrichum pilosum hairy white oldfield aster eastern annual saltmarsh Symphyotrichum subulatum aster Symphyotrichum tenuifolium perennial saltmarsh aster Symphyotrichum undulatum wavyleaf aster Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage Tephrosia virginiana Virginia tephrosia Teucrium canadense Canada germander Thalictrum pubescens king of the meadow Thalictrum revolutum waxyleaf meadow-rue Thalictrum thalictroides rue anemone Thelypteris palustris eastern marsh fern Thelypteris simulata bog fern Tipularia discolor crippled cranefly Torreyochloa pallida pale false mannagrass Toxicodendron pubescens Toxicodendron radicans Toxicodendron vernix Tradescantia virginiana Triadenum virginicum Trichostema dichotomum Trichostema setaceum Tridens flavus Trientalis borealis Trillium erectum Triodanis perfoliata Triplasis purpurea Tripsacum dactyloides Utricularia cornuta Utricularia geminiscapa Utricularia gibba Utricularia intermedia Atlantic poison oak eastern poison ivy poison sumac Virginia spiderwort Virginia marsh St. Johnswort forked bluecurls narrowleaf bluecurls purpletop tridens starflower red trillium clasping Venus' lookingglass purple sandgrass eastern gamagrass horned bladderwort hiddenfruit bladderwort humped bladderwort flatleaf bladderwort

Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual, Biennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Annual Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual, Perennial Annual

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Subshrub, Shrub, Forb/ herb Shrub, Forb/herb, Subshrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Graminoid Graminoid Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb

Utricularia juncea Utricularia macrorhiza Utricularia olivacea Utricularia purpurea Utricularia radiata Utricularia resupinata Utricularia striata Utricularia subulata Uvularia puberula Uvularia sessilifolia Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium fuscatum Vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium pallidum Verbena hastata Verbena simplex Verbena urticifolia Vernonia glauca Veronica peregrina Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum dentatum Viburnum nudum Viola palmata Viola primulifolia Viola bicolor Viola brittoniana Viola lanceolata Viola pedata Viola sagittata Vitis aestivalis Vitis labrusca Vulpia elliotea Vulpia octoflora Wisteria frutescens Woodwardia areolata Woodwardia virginica Xanthium strumarium Xerophyllum asphodeloides Xyris caroliniana Xyris fimbriata Xyris smalliana Xyris torta Yucca filamentosa

southern bladderwort Annual, Perennial common bladderwort Perennial piedmont bladderwort Annual, Perennial eastern purple bladderwort Annual, Perennial little floating bladderwort Annual, Perennial lavender bladderwort Annual, Perennial striped bladderwort Perennial zigzag bladderwort Annual, Perennial mountain bellwort Perennial sessileleaf bellwort Perennial highbush blueberry Perennial black highbush blueberry Perennial cranberry Perennial Blue Ridge blueberry Perennial swamp verbena Biennial, Perennial narrowleaf vervain Perennial white vervain Perennial broadleaf ironweed Perennial neckweed Annual mapleleaf viburnum Perennial southern arrowwood Perennial possumhaw Perennial early blue violet Perennial Perennial field pansy Annual northern coastal violet Perennial bog white violet Perennial birdfoot violet Perennial arrowleaf violet Perennial summer grape Perennial fox grape Perennial squirreltail fescue Annual sixweeks fescue Annual American wisteria Perennial netted chainfern Perennial Virginia chainfern Perennial rough cocklebur Annual eastern turkeybeard Perennial Carolina yelloweyed grass Perennial fringed yelloweyed grass Perennial Small's yelloweyed grass Perennial slender yelloweyed grass Perennial Adam's needle Perennial

Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub Shrub Subshrub, Shrub Subshrub, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Shrub, Subshrub Tree, Shrub Tree, Shrub Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Vine Vine Graminoid Graminoid Vine Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Forb/herb Subshrub, Shrub, Forb/ herb

Zannichellia palustris Zizania aquatica Zostera marina

horned pondweed annual wildrice seawrack

Perennial Annual Perennial

Forb/herb Graminoid Forb/herb

II. New Jersey Monthly Precipitation Normals (Inches)

Based on Data from 1981-2010

STATION NAME ATLANTIC CITY AP ATLANTIC CITY MARINA BELVIDERE BRIDGE BOUND BROOK BRANT BEACH BECH HAVEN CANISTEAR RESERVOIR CANOE BROOK CAPE MAY

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANN 3.22 2.87 4.21 3.63 3.35 3.11 3.72 4.11 3.15 3.42 3.27 3.69 41.8 3.08 2.87 4.02 3.39 3.22 2.68 3.31 3.92 3.08 3.47 3.35 3.62 40 3.08 2.67 3.60 3.95 4.12 4.30 4.65 3.90 4.33 4.54 3.57 3.61 46.3 3.26 2.55 3.90 4.10 4.12 4.10 4.91 4.03 4.11 4.04 3.67 3.79 46.6 3.25 2.86 3.97 3.26 2.78 3.05 3.92 3.71 2.78 3.65 2.91 3.36 39.5 3.69 3.05 4.23 4.30 4.18 4.63 4.36 4.18 4.62 4.44 3.95 4.16 49.8 3.54 2.80 4.20 4.29 4.38 4.70 4.73 4.42 4.89 4.65 4.06 4.13 50.8

3.32 2.82 4.26 3.53 3.53 3.37 3.70 3.62 3.27 3.70 3.29 3.47 41.9 CHARLOTTEBUR G 3.85 3.27 4.55 4.41 4.36 4.50 4.56 4.38 4.94 4.72 4.30 4.36 52.2 CRANFORD 3.69 3.20 4.30 4.33 4.36 4.39 5.17 3.79 4.45 4.36 4.08 4.16 50.3
Continued on http://climate.rutgers.edu/stateclim_v1/norms/monthly/precip.htm