2010314027

Syed Raza Ali Raza

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You will construct simple, but practical, adjustable power supply (0~15 V, 1 A). You will combine all circuits studied so far to build this power supply, i.e. the bridge rectifier and zener shunt regulator with series pass transistor.

Portable Multimeter 1 Transformer (center tap, used in previous LAB): Vsec = 18 VCT, 1.5 A Rectifying diode, 1N4007 4 NPN power transistor, 2N3055 (60V, 15A) with heat sink 1 18 V, 1.5 W Zener diode Resistor ( 5%): 56 (2 W), 100 (3 W), 510 (0.5 W), 1 k (0.5 W) Cement Resistor ( 5%): 30 (10 W) Variable resistor (potentiometer): 330 1 Electrolyte Capacitors (25 V): 2200 F, 220 F, 100 F, 10 F Ceramic Capacitors (100 V): 100 nF Line cord, Plug, Switch 1 Terminal block ( 2 or 3), Soldering set

2N3055

220 VAC

1N4007

2200 mF, 25 V +

10 mF, 25 V +

18 VAC, 1.5 A transformer

56 W, 2 W

330 W, 1 variable 3 + 100 mF, 25 V

100 nF, + 100 V + 220 mF, 25 V

V0

RL

18 V, 1.5 W Zener

1, 2, 3 represent the arms of the p[otentiometer.

Figure 5-1. Adjustable Voltage Power Supply

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1. Without the load resistor (RL), measure the output voltage (V0) with multimeter: Turn the potentiometer to meet the voltage listed in Table 5-1. Measure the resistance of the potentiometer (Rpot) when you obtain desired output voltage and record it in the table. (You have to measure the resistance of the potentiometer after disconnecting it from the circuit. Thus, do not make permanent soldering on the potentiometer before finishing this step! You may use terminal a block for the potentiometer connection.) Table 5-1 V0 1V 2V 3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 8V
R23

Rpot (Ohm)
461 434 406 380 352 322 298 268

V0 8V 9V 10 V 11 V 12 V 13 V 14 V 15 V

R23

Rpot (Ohm)
---------245 217 191
163

135 108 82

16 V 17 V 18 V

54 Ohm 22 Ohm 0 Ohm

What is the function of this potentiometer in this circuit, especially for the operation of the transistor 2N3055?
Here transistor is biased in common-collector configuration. When R23=0 the voltage at base will be zero then the base-emitter junction is reverse biased and the BJT will be in cutoff region hence VCC=VCE so output voltage will be zero. When the R23 is between 0 and maximum then BJT will be in linear region so we get output voltage in between 0-15 V.

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2. With the load resistor RL = 30 , measure the output voltage (V0) with multimeter: Turn the potentiometer to meet the voltage listed in Table 5-2. Measure the resistance of the potentiometer (Rpot) when you obtain desired output voltage and record it in the table. (You have to measure the resistance of the potentiometer after disconnecting it from the circuit. Thus, do not make permanent soldering on the potentiometer before finishing this step! You may use a terminal block for the potentiometer connection.) Table 5-2 V0 1V 2V 3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 8V
453.5 423 394 364.5 335 305
274

Rpot

V0 8V 9V 10 V 11 V 12 V 13 V 14 V 15 V
------207 174 141 109 76 42 9

Rpot

242.5

Maximum was 15.26 V with 500 ohm.

Is the resistance the same or not compared to the Table 5-1? Explain why.
No. Without load resistance the capacitors will be full charged and have no path for discharging

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3. Adjust the output voltage 10 V with RL = 1 k. It would carry load current of 0.01 A. Record the measured values of V0 and the calculated values of IL in the Table 5-3 without changing the potentiometer as adjusted for 10 V output. Then, repeat the measurements for each value of RL listed in the table. (You can make permanent soldering in this step. Or use a terminal block again.) Table 4-4 RL 1 k 510 100 30 V0 10 V
9.89 V 9.65 V 9.20V

IL 0.01 A
0.02 A 0.10A 0.31A

4. Using the measured value of V0, calculate the load regulation* of your power supply. For V(no load), use the voltage measured when RL = 1 k. For V(full load), use the voltage when RL = 30 . Show your calculations. load regulation =
( ) ( ) ( )

100%

10-9.20 9.20

x100% = 8.7 %

*When the amount of load current changes due to a varying load resistance, the voltage regulator must maintain a nearly constant output voltage across the load. Load regulation can be defined as the percentage change in output voltage for a given change in load current. This value would represent the quality of your power supply.

5. Finally, explain/analyze thoroughly how the circuit operates with an emphasis on the function of each component in the circuit. This would summarize all circuits studied so far (LAB 1 ~ LAB 5). (Current report will replace your mid-term exam.) (Give your analysis in this box. You can use extra/other sheets if you like.)
1. In summary, a full-wave rectified signal has less ripple than a half-wave rectified signal and is thus better to apply to a filter. 2. Figure 19.5b shows the waveform across a capacitor filter. Time T1 is the time during which diodes of the full-wave rectifier conduct, charging the capacitor up to the peak rectifier voltage, Vm. Time T2 is the time interval during which the rectifier voltage 5/7 drops below the peak voltage, and the capacitor discharges through the load. Since the chargedischarge cycle occurs for each half-cycle for a full-wave rectifier, the period of the rectified waveform is T/2, one-half the input signal frequency. The filtered voltage, as shown in Fig. 19.6, shows the output waveform to have a dc level Vdc and a ripple voltage Vr (rms) as the capacitor charges and discharges. Some details of these waveforms and the circuit elements are considered next

3. A simple series regulator circuit is shown in Fig. 19.13. Transistor Q1 is the series control element, and Zener diode DZ provides the reference voltage. The regulating operation can be described as follows: 1. If the output voltage decreases, the increased base-emitter voltage causes transistor Q1 to conduct more, thereby raising the output voltagemaintaining the output constant. 2. If the output voltage increases, the decreased base-emitter voltage causes transistor Q1 to conduct less, thereby reducing the output voltagemaintaining the output constant.

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