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Agenda
1. Why Synthetic Fuels? 2. Microchannel Technology Primer 3. Past: Fischer & Tropsch 4. Present: Coal-to-Liquids, Gas-to-Liquids and R&D 5. Future: Biomass-to-Liquids, Waste-toLiquids
Concerns about
Drivers
peak oil Can use domestic coal & biomass to meet US goal of 2.3 million bpd by 2017
Energy security
Infrastructure investment
Microchannel Technology
Conventional
~ 25-150 mm
Characteristic dimension
~ 0.11.0 mm
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Process Intensification
Velocys Reactor Microreactor
Microchannel Advantages
Sources of advantage depend on specific application and include
Reduced capital costs - Smaller facility footprint - Shorter deployment time Lower feedstock and operating costs Improved energy efficiency Reduced emissions and by-product formation Decreased downtime due to plant maintenance Modularity Inherently safer
The Past
Fischer & Tropsch
The Beginning
Fischer-Tropsch Process
Chemical reaction where syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is converted into liquid hydrocarbons Discovered at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in the 1920s, by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch
Used by coal-rich Germany and Japan during World War II to produce ersatz fuels
Germany's annual synthetic fuel production exceeded 124,000 barrels per day from 25 plants in 1944
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In 1955, Sasol, South Africas petroleum company, used syn fuels production to meet energy needs during Apartheid
Process uses low-grade coal and Sasols high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch technology to produce a range of fuels and petrochemicals
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The Present
Coal-to-Liquids, Gas-to-Liquids and R&D
Many world-scale GTL plants have been announced or are being constructed
Sasol Chevron, Shell, Oryx
Recent Developments
In the past few months, there have been lots of ups
December 16, 2006 A B-52 successfully completed a test flight using a blend of GTL and conventional JP-8 in all eight engines. The flight further demonstrated the Air Forces commitment to using alternate fuels January 29, 2007 - Oryx GTL plant in Qatar started up, it will produce 34,000 barrels per day of primarily synthetic diesel February 20, 2007 Syntroleum and Sinopec have signed a deal to produce GTL and CTL in China February 22, 2007 Qatar and Shell formally launched the Pearl GTL project to produce 140,000 barrels per day GTL
FT Advances at Velocys
FT catalyst and process development from 2001
Process In
Coolant In
FT pilot plant reactor began operating in early January Production rate: ~2 gallons/day
Coolant Out
Process Out
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Nominal Capacity ~8 gal/day Successfully Successfully demonstrated for >1000 demonstrated for >1000 hours hours
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80.0% 70.0%
~500 hours of operation
375
500
625
750
874
999
1124
Time-on-Stream (hr)
Pilot plant was operated continuously for ~1200 hours Catalyst was regenerated
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Liquid Selectivity, wt %
95 Design SMDS X Design SMDS II 90 Shell Bintulu design 85 Better Efficiency Lower Capex 80 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Limit of Shell Tubular design
Velocys MPT
Productivity kg/m3/hr
* Source: Hoek, Shell, CatCon2003
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The Future
Gas-to-Liquids, Biomass-to-Liquids and Waste-to-Liquids
Smaller scale
Offshore GTL to monetize associated gas BTL and WTL opportunities Requires innovative process technology to be cost competitive
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Large Size:
~100 x ~100 x ~100
Conventional Technology
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Specifications
Shell Diameter = ~1.25 m Shell Length = ~4 m Coolant flow length = ~0.6m
Repeating Units
Process In Coolant In
Velocys FT
Boiler
Velocys SMR
Water Treatment
Velocys is developing a novel synthetic fuel production technology Velocys is developing a novel synthetic fuel production technology that can be scaled to a range of applications that can be scaled to a range of applications 26
Conclusions
Synthetic fuels will be an important part of our energy future Two scales of production will dominate
Mega-scale Gas and coal to liquids Distributed Biomass and waste to liquids opportunities
Microchannel technology can enable lower cost, large and smaller-scale syn fuels production
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Contact Information
Terry Mazanec Senior Technical Program Manager mazanec@velocys.com
Velocys Inc. 7950 Corporate Blvd Plain City, OHIO 43064 USA Phone: 614/733-3300 Web: www.velocys.com
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