Rahman Talib Report 1960 Headed by Abdul Rahman Talib , M inist er of Educat ion, Federat ion of M alaya in June

1960 t o consolidat e t he educat ion syst em of t he count ry. They reviewed t he implement at ion of t he Nat ional Educat ion Policy cont ained in t he Razak Report and t ried t o improved t he educat ion syst em in t he Federat ion of M alaya .. all primary schools using the mother tongue language be abolished and replaced with national and national-type schools for the purpose of national unity. Implicat ions involved was simply, M alay language as t he main medium of inst ruct ion in schools, besides pre-requisit e for pot ent ial st udent s ent ering secondary schools and t eacher t raining college. Incent ives were also given t o t hose excelled in M alay language.

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Some ot her recommendat ions were; i) free primary school educat ion ii) aut omat ic promot ion unt il Form Three iii) int roduct ion of St andard Five assessment examinat ion iv) emphasis on M oral educat ion v) enhancement of vocat ional and t echnical educat ion vi) t eaching of Islamic Educat ion (pre-requisit e at least 15 pupils) vii) monit oring of primary schools by School Inspect orat e t o ensure t eaching qualit y viii) emphasis on t eacher t raining program Educat ion Act 1961 3. The Federal education policy aims to establish a national system of education to promote the cultural, economical and political advancement in this country, besides making the Malay language the national language Aspect Level of Educat ion Elaborat ion M ade up of: i) primary school educat ion ii) lower secondary school educat ion iii) upper secondary school educat ion iv) educat ion in ot her educat ional inst it ut ion i) compulsory for all children of school going age ii) free for all iii) offered in nat ional schools and nat ional-t ype schools Offered in t he t ypes of schools i) normal lower secondary ii) normal upper secondary iii) t rade
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Primary Educat ion

Secondary Educat ion

iii) iv) v) vi) Islamic Educat ion

t rade t echnical vocat ional secondary (approval from M OE)

i) Only offered if more t han 15 M uslim pupils ii) Taught by t rained Agama t eachers iii) Two periods a week during school hours

Hussein Onn Report 1971 The commit t ee was headed by Hussein Onn, t o provide a basic educat ion for all children of school going age. At t his t ime, t he medium of inst ruct ion are M alay and English language. According t o Hussein Onn Report (1971) :

the national system of education is designed to meet the countrys needs and to promote cultural, social, economical and political development. Beginning 1968, the Malay language will progressively replace the English language as the medium of instruction in all English-medium schools. Alt hough t he commit t ee acknowledged M alay language is t he main medium of inst ruct ion, t he st at us of English language as a second language was st ill maint ained by rat ionale:
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English language as a second language was st ill maint ained by rat ionale: .. we are very much aware of the importance of the English language as an international language and how mastery of it can promote national advancement. The English language is compulsory in all schools because of its importance in higher learning as well as in international affairs. Therefore, our national target is for as high level of mastery of the English language (Hussein Onn Report , 1971) The report also proposed t hat the time allocation for teaching of English language to be increased and teachers given the necessary training in order to produce good results, however English language still remain a second language in schools. Cabinet Commit t ee Report on Review of Educat ion Policies Implement at ion 1979 ( Mahathir Report) In Sept ember 1974, t he commit t ee was chaired by Dr M ahat hir M ohamed also t he Deput y Prime M inist er. The object ive of t he report ment ioned: .. to review the goals and effectiveness of the present education system for the purpose of meeting the manpower needs of the country, both for the short and long terms. Besides to also ensure the education system meets the countrys goals of producing a united disciplined and skilled society. (M ahat hir Report , 1976) The above aim is similar t o t hat of Educat ion Act 1961 and t he Hussein Report 1971, which was t o promot e nat ional unit y. Thus, educat ion IS t o promot e unit y and language inevit ably init iat es unit y. Ot her recommendat ions include:

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i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii)

focus on t hree basic skills i.e. reading, writ ing and arit hmet ic t eaching of English as second language emphasis on sound spirit ual educat ion and ot her disciplines appropriat e secondary educat ion divided int o t wo st reams i.e. academic and vocat ional ext ension of educat ional opport unit ies from 9 t o 11 years emphasis on curriculum ala M alaysia review of Bahasa M alaysia in-service courses

Educat ion Syst em Aft er Independence Year 1960 Educat ion Report /Act /Policy Rahman Talib Report Brief Descript ion i) ii) iii) iv) M alay Language as main medium of inst ruct ion Free secondary school educat ion Est ablishment of t echnical and vocat ional schools Emphasis on religious and moral educat ion

1961

Educat ion Act

Rahman Talib Report gazzet t ed as Educat ion Act 1961

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1963

Nat ional Language Act

Recognit ion given t o Bahasa M alaysia as t he official language and medium of inst ruct ion for all level of schooling Equal educat ional opport unit ies for bot h and rural areas Enforcement of Act in Sabah and Sarawak i) Emphasis on nat ional unit y ii) Focus on skilled human resources for t he count ry progress and development iii) Democrat izat ion of educat ion iv) Est ablishment of a moral and disciplined M alaysia societ y

19631974 1976 1979

Rukunegara and New Economic Policy (NEP) Educat ion Act 1961 M ahat hir Report

C r e ate d on N ov 12, 2010 and e d ite d last 08 Januar y, 2011 b y Pe nge nd ali@2006

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