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Workshop: Goals and Technologies for Future Gas Turbine Engines Technologies Are Only Important As They Service The Goals The Goals Are Set By:
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Low Price (To Acquire, Operate, and Support) Predictability of Engine Maintenance Regulatory (Environmental) Compliance Safety
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Affordability (T/W, SFC, Flight Envelope, C.O.O. - 70%) C.O.O. = Development, Production, O & S Global Reach, Global Power Reliability, Flexibility, Survivability
Sudden Environmental Regulatory Changes World Economics Changes Public Reactions to Perceived Safety Issues Military Skirmishes, Wars
Historically, Governments Have Been the Leading Technology Sponsors n Military Needs Pushed Envelopes n Shifting to Common Core, Joint (with Civil) Development Themes High Development/Certification Costs n Conflict With Stockholder Needs n Strategic Partnerships Help Address High Costs of Technical Competence n Industry Consolidation n Partnering With Universities n Outsourcing Customers (Civil and Military) Needs For Price/Affordability Exacerbate Stress on Technology Funds
Turboprop Prop
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Complex mechanical powertrain replaced by electrical power bus Internal Starter Generator
Magnetic Bearings
Community noise levels in the vicinity of airports represent a growth barrier for commercial aviation.
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More restrictive certification noise levels for aircraft will be implemented in 2003 70 % of the current commercial fleet, including some of the newest models, will be unable to comply with the most restrictive rule change under consideration
Local airport regulations restrict access and levy heavier user fees on noisier aircraft Noise abatement operational procedures result in millions of dollars of additional expense to the airlines yearly in terms of fuel and crew costs
Lowering noise levels of the best current aircraft with todays technology would lead to oversize, derated powerplants.
Other technology areas have potential for negative impact upon noise.
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Dramatic reductions in engine noise will require fundamental changes to engine cycle and component architecture.
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Drastically reduced exhaust velocities to control jet mixing noise Fan designed for subsonic rotational speeds to eliminate noise related to rotating shocks
Proprietary cross section deleted Improved Acoustic Liner Wider bandwidth Optimum placement Active/adaptive control Reduced Airfoil Count Swept OGV Reduced BPF tones Alternate Cycles Reduced Fan broadband noise UHBR, Geared Fans reduced vane count Eliminate jet noise,minimize fan noise Requires advanced materials, lightweight gear systems
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APPROACHES
Advanced Fuel Mixers Novel Configurations (i.e. Variable Geometry, Fuel Staging) Advanced Cooling Instability & Noise Control Methods
Comb us to r
Te m pe rature (K)
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Te mp e rature (K)
1 60 0 1 40 0 1 20 0 1 00 0 8 00 6 00 4 00
Conventional Models Fail for Premixed Combustors COMPREHENSIVE FUEL INJECTION MODEL
S pra y dis pers io n S e co ndary a to miza tio n Main fuel Air Lig am ents Multico mpo ne nt Fuel Eva po ra tio n Air Pilo t fue l
Filming
MSA-cds2
Simplicity Yields Reliability and Low Cost Advanced Diagnostics Predict Maintenance Needs Active Controls Improve Performance and Life Distributed Controls Using Low-Cost Electronics Sensors for Fundamental Parameters and Health Monitoring Non-Linear Engine Models to Minimize Sensors Fuel Pump/Metering Simplicity, Robustness, and Safety Diagnostics/Prognostics for Performance Trending Intelligent Sensing of Operator Intent Active Controls: Turbine Tip Clearance, Mag Bearings, Combustion Stability, Compressor Stall, Vibration, Multivariable Integration
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Advanced Film Cooling Film cooling 0.4 Impingement Cooling Radial Cooling 0.2 Uncooled
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Cost ($)
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VSJ-1723
Temperature capability
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Year
Cycle Suspension/Lubrication Environmental Controls & Diagnostics Materials Predictability Minimized C.O.O.