MINI PROJECT: SOLAR POWERED CAR

UNDER GUIDENCE OF: DR T.K. SINDHU SUBMITTED BY: ABHISHEK SHARMA (B090654EE) HASEB RAZA (B090139EE) SHUSHANTSHARMA (B070349EE) DUYU KOBIN (B090631EE)

Mini project title;-Construction of solar vehicle ABSTRACT; - Due to a limited supply of oil and increasing
environmental pollution. Solar cars are just one of many transportation concepts emerging. Solar cars use solar cell panels instead of gasoline as the fuel. As a result, exhaust fumes and oil consumption are eliminated. Introduction: A solar vehicle is constructed on which solar panel will be attached. The solar panel generates an electrical charge that is stored in a battery and used to provide energy as the vehicle is driven. The lighter the vehicle, the less energy used and the farther the vehicle will travel. In cloudy days, or at night, energy can be drawn from reserve batteries. In the future, charge stations will be located on the road sides for quick battery charging.

Circuit diagram;-

WORKING:
Solar cell SC slowly charges up the storage capacitor C1. Transistors Q1 and Q2 form a latching trigger. Q1 is triggered on when the voltage of C1 reaches the level of conductance through the diode string D1-D3. With two diodes and one LED as shown in the diagram, the trigger voltage is about 2.3V, but more diodes can be inserted to raise this level if desired.

When Q1 turns on, the base of Q2 is pulled up through R4 to turn it on also. Once it is on, it maintains base current via R1 through Q1 to keep it on. The two transistors are thus latched on until the supply voltage from C1 falls to around 1.3 or 1.4V. When both Q1 and Q2 are latched on, the base of the "power" transistor QP is pulled down through R3, turning it on to drive the motor M, or other load device. Resistor R3 also limits the base current though QP, but the value shown is adequate to turn the load on hard enough for most purposes. If a current of more than say 200mA to the load is desired, R3 can be reduced and a heavier duty transistor can be used for QP, such as a 2N2907.

Components required;Name of component 1) Solar cell 2) Dc geared motor Type Quantity 2.5mA,5-10W,12V 01 <=30ohm resistance, 02 10-60RPM 12V DC motor With gearbox 125gm weight 12kgcm torque 3000RPM base motor No-load current = 60 mA (Max),

3) Diode 4) LED 5) Resistance

Load current = 300 mA (Max), 1N914 02 _ 01 470K 02 100K 02 3.3K 01 02 01 01

6) Transistor 7) Capacitor

PNP (2N3906) NPN (2N3904) 4700 F

Advantages:

A solar-powered vehicle can be made to work, even in relatively-low light levels. It is a clean technology which does not do pollution. Saves money Saves fossil fuel.