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Fuzzy sets
A fuzzy set is a set with a smooth boundary. An element of a fuzzy set can belong to that set partially to a degree and the set does not have crisp boundaries. A fuzzy set is defined by a functions that maps objects in a domain of concern into their membership value in a set. Such a function is called the membership function.
Fuzzy sets
Definition: let X be a non-empty set and be called the universe of discourse. A fuzzy set AX is characterized by the membership function
Fuzzy sets
A : X [0,1]
Note : since {0,1}[0,1] all crisp sets are fuzzy sets!
A : X [0,1]
Fuzzy sets
Definition of fuzzy sets: Fuzzy set A can be represented as a set of ordered pairs
Fuzzy sets
Discrete example: A = 0.1/x1 + 0.4/x2 +0.8/x3 + 1.0/x4 + 0.8/x5 + 0.4/x6 + 0.1/x7
A = {( x, A ( x) ) x X }
Fuzzy sets
Continuous example:
xc , h xc A ( x) = 1 , h 0, 1+ x [ c h, c ] x [c, c + h ] otherwise
Support : support of a fuzzy set A is a crisp set that contains all elements of A with non-zero membership grade:
supp( A) = {x X A ( x) > 0}
core( A) = {x X A ( x) = 1}
Boundary : boundaries comprise those elements x of the universe such that 0< A (x) <1
hgt ( A) = sup A ( x)
xX
Set A is called normal if hgt(A)=1 and subnormal if hgt(A)<1
A ( x) = 1 1 / e x
Normal or subnormal?
1 - 1/exp(x^2) y 1 0.75
0.5
0.25
-5
-2.5
2.5 x
Example: fuzzy 3
0
X 1
A B A ( x) B ( x) x X
B
3. Identity
A = B A ( x) = B ( x) x X
Fuzzy advice
x X : A B ( x) = min ( A ( x), B ( x) )
I [ A , B ] = min[ A , B ]
C (a ) = 1 a x X : A ( x) = 1 A ( x)
Cw ( a) = (1 a w )1/ w ,
w (1, )
1 w
x X : A ( x ) = (1 A ( x ) w )
A A =
and the law of contradiction
A A = X
Are not valid for fuzzy sets!
A ( x) = [ A ( x)]2 , x X
2
A ( x) = [ A ( x)]m , x X m
m
) ( &'% $ $ "# !