History of the T1 Line

T-1 Internet Service was implemented for local use in 1961. T Carrier is a 1961 T-Carrier generic term given to all digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier p systems. p p y The concept was developed by Bell Labs and was used in Japan, South Korea and North America. The normal speed of transfer i of 1 544 Mbit/ Th t f is f 1.544 Mbit/s. There is also i l a European version of the system.

The multiplexing carrier systems have proven to work well if the connections were made between distant cities. However, there was a need for filters and , demodulators in every voice channel. The filters and modulators were expensive. For metropolitan areas, Bell Labs introduced the T1 system with a pulse modulation, in 1961. I ti d l ti i 1961 In time, after ft decades, the cost of digital electronics has decreased, allowing a codec for each decreased voice channel to be something common.

The T1 line became a common system with the rate of 1 544 Mbit/s Originally 1.544 Mbit/s. Originally, the system had 24 speech signals that were pulse code modulated and time p division multiplexed. g The signals were encoded in streams of 64 kbit per second. T2 and T3 contained numerous T1 multiplexed channels. The transmission rate was of 6.312 and t i i t f 6 312 d 44.736 Mbit/s. A T3 line has 28 T1 lines.

The speed of transfer was tested underground and the optimum bit rate was obtained empirically. The capacity was raised more and more and when the failure rate could not be accepted anymore, the optimal one was established. Not the maximum bit rate was chosen, but b t a margin was left. Just with seven i l ft J t ith bits per second for each PCM sample, through companding the audio companding, performance was acceptable.

 The way in which the 1.544 Mbit/s rate was split into channels can be explained in more detail. Because the nominal voiceband of a telephone system is 4,000 Hz, there is a need for a digital sampling rate of 8,000 Hz. The T1 system requires 8,000 8 000 frames per second for keeping simultaneously 24 voice channels. Every T1 frame has a length of 193 bits, which means that 24 channels, with 8 bits each and 1 framing bit equals 193 bit. 8,000 frames per second x 193 bit equals 1.544 Mbit per second.

Originally, AMI, or Alternate Mark Inversion, Inversion was used for T1 for reducing the frequency bandwidth and remove the DC part from the signal. B8ZS was p g introduced later and became very common. T1 was originally meant for transmission of voice signals, but today it is also used for data transmission. F the initial f f d t t i i F, th i iti l from fiber optics is also used at similar rates.

E-carrier was used in Europe and was incompatible with T1 E-carrier used E1 T1. E carrier and E3 line rates. E2 existed as well, but it was less used. E1 had 32 lines multiplex. The standard speed for the European version is of 2.048 Mbit per second, for 32 user channels.

T-1 Internet Service is one of the most popular available worldwide because it worldwide, has a high transfer rate. Initially introduced for the transfer of voice signals for telephone lines, it evolved and is capable of transmitting data.

The standard rate is of 1.544 Mbit, which is different than the one of E-carrier the E carrier, European version of T-carrier, which has a standard speed of 2.048 Mbit per p p second. http://www.t-1.us.com