ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our privilege to express our gratitude and indebtedness to our Management & Principal T.Siva Shankar Reddy of Swami Ramananda Tirtha Institute of Science & Technology, Nalgonda for their moral support. We thank MR.S.Lakpathi, Head of Electrical & Electronics Department,for his valuable suggestions and cooperation in the completion of the project. We solemnly offer our sincere gratitude to Mr.Y.Satya Narayana (Asst.Professor, Electrical & Electronics Department), SRTIST who is our internal guide and all other of their valuable piece of advice in completion of our project. We express our heartful thanks to those who have directly or indirectly helped us in carrying out this project successful. Last but not least we are thankful to our parents, who have stood behind us at all the stages of the project.

PROJECT ASSOSIATES

A.SWATHI S.VENKATA CHAITANYA REDDY CH.SRINAIAH

(08141A0221) (08141A0203) (08141A0241)

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new and efficient approach for distribution system that improves the power factor with capacitor banks consequently reduction in the cost of power supplied to consumer. Most of the industrial loads are inductive in nature, so the power factor will be lagging .the low power factor causes more current to flow hence line losses will be increased due to which the efficiency of the distribution system is less, the low power factor for a utility company causes more charges to be paid. The total cost of the distribution system can be divided into two categories those are i) fixed cost, ii) running cost, The fixed cost of the distribution system depends upon the maximum KVA demand of the consumer, where as the running cost of the distribution system depends upon the number of units consumed by the consumer. To reduce the fixed cost the maximum KVA demand of the consumer should be decreased. This can be achieved by improving the power factor as close to unity as possible. Capacitor is a device which provides reactive power required by the distribution system so that the total KVA demand will be reduced, hence the power factor of the system will be improved. So the placement of capacitor banks into the distribution system improves the power factor by which the cost of the electrical utility system will be reduced. This is a case study on Swami Ramanandha thirtha Institute of Science & Technology for the improvement of power factor by inserting capacitor banks into the distribution system.

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CONTENTS Acknowledgement Abstract Title CHAPTER 1

1. Introduction 1.1 An Overview of power factor 1.2 Understanding power factor 1.3 Disadvantage of low power factor 1.4 Benefits of power factor correction 1.5 Contribution. 1.6 Scope of the Thesis 1.7 Organisation of Thesis . 1 2 4 6 7 8 9

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CHAPTER 2
2. Measurement of power factor 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Power factor correction 2.3 Correction methods 2.4 Determining capacitor requirements

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10 10 12 13

CHAPTER: 3
3. Economics of power factor 3.1 Introduction

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3.2 The fallacy of cost/kVAr 3.3 Power and power factor in an AC circuit 3.4 Leading and lagging power factor 3.5 The purpose of power factor correction 3.6 Benefits of operating Generator at higher Power factor

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CHAPTER 4
4. Role of reactive power 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Effect on generators 4.3 Power factor and frequency in distribution Systems 4.4 Impacts of reactive power factor 4.5 compensation of reactive power

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26 27 28 29 31

CHAPTER 5
5. Capacitor values 5.1 Practical procedure to find capacitor value

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CHAPTER 6
6. Case study & conclusion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 MATLAB. 6.3 MATLAB Program. 6.4 MATLAB Program output
6.5 Conclusion

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36 40 42 44 50

Bibliography

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List of figures & Tables

LIST OF FIGURES Figures

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Current-Loss Characteristics

2.

Size of the Conductor-Power Factor

3.

Single Line Diagram of H.T Consumer

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Table 1 Total Load Particulars Table 2 Net Saving obtained for various power factors

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