1

Captulo I Fundamentos da Cinemtica Escalar

13)
Temos no caso um satlite estacionrio (satlite que se localiza sempre
sobre o mesmo ponto da superfcie terrestre)
Note que sua posio em relao a qualquer ponto da superfcie terrestre
permanecer a mesma e pelo exato motivo de seu perodo de translao
ser coincidente com o perodo de rotao da Terra.
Na alternativa a, a palavra somente retira a possibilidade de existirem
outros observadores em relao aos quais o satlite estar em repouso.
Na alternativa b, encontramos apenas um exemplo.
a relao entre a
posio do mvel e tempo.
b) S = 100 20t
0 = 100 20t

20t= 100
t = 5,0s

Origem dos
espaos S = 0

28. S = -30 + 60.t

a) origem dos tempos; t = 0
S = -30 + 60.0
27. a) A funo horria do espao fornece somente
S = -30 km

b)cidade D :

Sc = 0

Sd = 30 km

30 = - 30 + 60t
60 = 60t
t = 1,0 h

29. Para x = 1500 km

ts

= 3,0 min

tp

= 5,0 min

Concluso: com 2,0 min de diferena

30. c) Ex:
Sem mudar o sentido

SI = 10m
(I)
Sf = 20m

20
0

10

s = 20 10 = 10m

-10

s=d

d = 10m

Mudando o sentido
Si = 10m
(II)
Sf =0

20
10
0
-10

s d

s = 0 10 = -10m
d = 20 + 10 = 30m

31)

t0
A
(2,0)

t1
B

(4,0)

(6,0)

x(m)

s = 4,0 2,0 = 2,0m

D = 4,0 + 2,0 = 6,0m
32) c) d = 5,0t2
t1 = 0,20s
t2 = 0,30s

d1 = 5,0 . 0,202 = 0,20m

d2 = 5,0 . 0,302 = 0,45m

0,20m; 0,20s
0,45m; 0,30s
D = 0,45 0,20 = 0,25m

33)

t1 = 2,0h

Azambuja

e1 = 60km

d= 120km
Gaspar

e2 = 180km

t2 = 5,0h

t = 5,0 2,0 = 3,0h

34) c)

S = 4,0t2 16,0
t=0
S = 4,0.02 16,0
t = 2,0s

S = 4,0 . 2,02 16,0

S0 = - 16,0m espao
inicial
S=0
origem dos
espaos

35) e) O encontro ocorre quando S1 = S2

-30 + 80t = 170 120t
200t = 200
t = 1,0h
-50km

S=0 50km 100km 150km

S1 = -30 + 80 .1,0
S1 = 50km = S2

36)
t1 = 1,0s

S = 10,0 + 4,0t 1,0t2

S1 = 10,0 + 4,0 . 1,0 1,0 . 1,02
S1 = 13m (x)

t2 = 6,0s

S2 = 10,0 + 4,0 . 6,0 1,0 . 6,02

S2 = -2,0m (Q)

s = 15m
d
Q

x
13m

-2m

0
2m = 2 quadros R SR = 0

37) a) 0 = 20,0t 5,0t2

0 = 5,0t (4,0 t)
t1 = 0
t2 = 4,0s

b) t subida = tqueda = 2,0s

hmx = 20,0 . 2,0 5,0 . 2,02
hmx = 20,0m

44) Supondo So= 0

posio inicial

posio final
(3)

(1)

26 km (2)

35 km

75 km

1)

Vm = s
t

70 = s1
0,5

S1= 35 km

2)

Vm = s
t

-30 = s2
0,3

s2 = -9 km

3)

Vm = s
t

70 = s3
0,7

s3 = 49 km

a) Distncia percorrida
d = s1 + s2 + s3
d = 35 + 9 + 49 = 93 km
b) Vm = s
t

Vm =

75 0
0,5 + 0,3 + 0,7

Vm = 50 km
h

45) c) V = 1,5 passo . 70 = 105 cm

s
s
Vm = s
1,05 = 21
t
t

= 1,05 m
s

t = 20 s

46) b)

s1 = 200 km

Vm = s
t

Vm1 = 40 km
h

40 = 200
t

t1 = 5 h t2 = 4 h

s2 = 200 km
t2 = t1 1

Vm2 = 200
4

Vm2 = 50 km
h

Vm2 = ?

47) a)

x = 10,0 + 10,0t 2,0t2 (SI)

Vm = ?

t1 = 2,0s

x1 = 10,0 + 10,0 . 2,0 2,0.2,02

X1 = 22,0m

t2 = 3,0s
Vm = s
t

x2 = 10,0 + 10,0 . 3,0 2,0.3,02

X2 = 22,0m

Vm = 22,0 22,0
3,0 2,0
Vm= 0

48) c) V = 50 passadas
min

1passada
1 passada

6 ps 3 ps - 1m
2m

V= 50. 2m = 100 m
min
min
1
V = 100. /1000 km
1
/60 h
V = 100. 60 km
1000 h
V = 6 km/h

49) d)
Vm1 = 80 km/h

Vm2 = 60 km/h

t1=45min = 3 h
4
Vm = s
t
Vm = s
t

80 = s1 s1 = 60 km
3
4
60 = s2 s2 = 15 km
1
4

50) b)

AB

VAB = 90 km
h

Vm = s
t

tAB = T

SAB = 90 . T

VBC = 75 km
h
BC

t2= 1 h
4

tBC = 2 T

90 =

ttotal= 1h= 3h + t2
4
t2 = 1 h
4

Vm = s
t

Vm = 75 km
1h

Vm = 75 km
h

sAB
T

75 = sBC
2T
sBC = 150T

AC: Vm = s
t

Vm = 90T+150T
T + 2T
Vm = 240 T
3T
Vm = 80 km
h

51) e)
AM

VAM = V
2
sAM = d
2

Vm = s
t
V = d/2
2
tAM
tAM = d
V

VAB = V
AB
SAB = d

Vm = s
t
V= d
tAB = d
tAB
V
tAM = tAB

Vm = s
t

52) b) V= 3,0.108 m
s
s = 1,0.10- 15 m

3,0.108 =1,0.10-15 t = 1,0.10-15 = 0,33.10-23

t
3,0.108

t = 3.3.10-24s

53) b)
tempo gasto na 1 viagem
Vm = V
1
s = D

Vm = s
t

V= D
t1

1,5 V= D t2 = D
t2
1,5V

Vm = V + 0,5 V = 1,5 V
2
s = D
t2 = 2 D
3 V

t1 = D
V

t2 = D
3V
2

tempo gasto na 2 viagem

Tempo economizado t = D 2
V
3
t =1
3

D=
V

D
V
0,33 D
V

10

( 1) Vm = s 150= 5 t1= 5

54) c)

t1

150

V1 = 150 km/h
t1= 1
30

5 km

V2 = 200 km (2) e (3) Vm= s 200= S t2=5

h
t
t2
200

V4 = 100 km
h

t2 = 1 h t3 = 1 h
40
40

V3 = 200 km
h

(4)Vm = s 100 = 5 t4= 5

t4

100

t4 = 1h
20

Vm = s
t

Vm = 5 + 5+ 5+ 5 =
20
=
1+1+1+1
4+ 3+ 3+6
30 40 40 20
120

20
16
120

Vm = 150 km
h

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55)

A VAB = 40 Km/h

B VBC = 80 km/h

VAC = 60 km/h

Considerando tAB = tBC = T

Vm = s
t

AB : 40 = sAB sAB = 40 T
T

sBC = 2 sAB

BC : 80 = sBC sBC = 80 T
T
Ento se a afirmativa (I) verdadeira
(II) tambm verdadeira e vice-versa (c)

56) d)
VAB = 120km/h
200m
A

VBC = ?
B

400 m
VAC = 80 km
h

Vm= s (AC) 80 = 400

t
tAC
(AB) 120

= 200
tAB

tAC = 5 h
tAB= 5h
3

tBC = 5 5
3
tBC = 10 h
3
(BC)
Vm = s
t

VBC = 200
10
3
VBC = 60 km
h
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57)
s = 4 D

Vm = 200 km
h
Vm = 150 km
H

Vm = ?

s = 2 D

Vm = s
t

s = 2D

t = 2D
150

150 = 2D
t

Vm = s
t

t = 3D 2D
150

Vm = 2D
D
150

2 voltas restantes

ttotal = 4 D
200

200 = 4 D
ttotal

t = D - D
50 75

4 voltas

t = D
75

t = D
150

ttotal = D
50

tempo gasto nas 2

primeiras voltas

tempo que dever

percorrer as 2 voltas
restantes

Vm = 300 km
h

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13

58) c)
A X1 = X1 X2 = X2 B = d
Vm = s
t

AX1 : V1 = d
t1

t1 = d
V1

X1X2 : V2 = d
t2

t2 = d
V2

X2B : V3 = d
t3

t3 = d
V3

AB : Vm = d + d + d =
3d
=
d + d + d dV2 V3+dV1V3+dV1V2
V1V2V3
V1 V2 V3
Vm =

3d .V1V2V3
d (V2V3+V1V3+V1V2)

3 V1 V2V3
V2V3+V1V3+V1V2

64) e)
S = 1,0t2 5,0t + 6,0 (SI)
derivada
V = 2,0 t 5,0

65) a)
S = 5,0 + 2,0t 2,0t2
t = 2,0s V= ?
V= 2,0 4,0t
V= 2,0 4,0 . 2,0
V= - 6,0 m
s

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14

66) a)
S= 2,0t3 4,0t2 + 8,0t + 1,0
No espao inicial (S0) t = 0
S0 = 2,0 . 03 4,0.02 + 8,0.0 + 1,0
S0 = 1,0m
Derivando S(t)
V= 6,0t2 8,0t + 8,0
A velocidade escalar inicial obtida substituindo t por 0
V= 6,0.02 8,0.0 + 8,0
V= 8,0 m
s

67) d)
S = 1,0t2
derivada
V = 2,0t

Em t = 5,0s temos :
V = 2,0.5,0 V= 10 m . 3,6
s
V= 36 km
h

14

15

X = 16,0 4,0t2

68)

a) S = 0 t1 = ?
origem dos espaos
O = 16,0 4,0t2
4,0t2 = 16,0
t2 = 4,0
t1 = 2,0s

b)
X= 16,0 4,0t2
derivada
V = - 8,0t
V1 = - 8,0.2,0

c)

V1 = -16,0 m
s

t0 = 0

X0 = 16,0 4,0.02
X0 = 16,0 m

t1 = 2,0s

X1 = 16,0 4,0.2,02
X1 = 0

Vm = s
t

Vm = 0 16
2,0 - 0

Vm = -8,0 m
s

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16

69)
a) No. O mvel inverte o sentido quando V=0 est mudando o sinal.
b) Duas vezes t1 e t3
Repare que no instante T (V=0) porm, como o movimento pra, no podemos considerar inverso
de sentido.

70)
a) Indefinida. A funo horria descreve somente a posio em funo do tempo.
b) S = 6,0t 3,0t2
V = 6,0 6,0t (na inverso V=0)
0 = 6,0 6,0t

6,0t = 6,0

t = 1,0s

71)
(01) F

A funo horria do espao no define a trajetria

(02) V

S = 1,0t2 4,0t
origem dos termos t=0
S = 1,0.02 4,0.0
S= 0
origem dos espaos

(04) F

S = 1,0t2 4,0t
V= 2,0t 4,0
Origem dos tempos t=0
V = 2,0.0 4,0
V= -4,0 m
s

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17

71)
(08) V

V= 2,0t 4,0
A inverso ocorre quando v = 0
0 = 2,0t 4,0
4,0 = 2,0t
t = 2,0s

R: 02 + 08 = 10
72) c) S= 1,0t2 4,0
S= 0
origem dos espaos
2
O = 1,0t 4,0
4,0 = 1,0t2

t = 2,0s

S = 1,0t2 4,0
derivada
V = 2,0 t

p/t = 2,0s

V = 2,0.2,0
V= 4,0 m/s

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18

S = 0,5t2
50m

73) a)
Adotando S=0

50m
S = 50m

50 = 0,5t2
50 = t2
0,5
t2 = 100

S = 0,5t2
derivada

V = 1,0t
V = 1,0.10

t = 10s
V= 10m
s

tempo gasto no
primeiro trecho

velocidade final do primeiro trecho

Vfinal = 10 m
s

O garoto manteve velocidade

constante no segundo trecho

b) No segundo trecho:
Vm = s
t
1 trecho

10 = 50
t

t = 50
10

t = 5s

2 trecho

ttotal = 10 + 5
ttotal = 15s

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19

74) a)
S = 1,0t3 4,5t2 + 6,0t 4,0
derivada
V = 3,0t2 9,0t + 6,0
grfico
2

b) V = 3,0t 9,0t + 6,0

parbola com cavidade voltada para cima

V(m/s)

0 = 3,0t 9,0t + 6,0 (:3)

0= t2 3,0t + 2,0
= (-3,0)2 4.1.2,0
= 1,0
t = (3,0) 1,0 = 3,0 1,0
2

2,0s
0

1,0s

1,0

2,0

(ts)

A velocidade ser negativa no intervalo:

1,0 < t < 2,0

75) a)
S = At2 Bt + C
derivada
V = 2At B
Na inverso do sentido V = 0
O = 2A.t B
B = 2A.t
t1 = B
2A

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20

75)
S = At2 Bt + C
S1 = A . B 2 - B. B + C
2A
2A

b)

S1 = A.B2 - B2 + C
4 A2 2 A
S1 = B2 - B2 + C
4A 2 A
S1 = B2 2B2 + C
4A
S1 = - B2 + C
4A

81) a)

82) c)

= 2,0 m = 2,0 m/s

s2
s

1s
2m
s

V0 = 108 km : 3,6 = 30 m
h
s
V=0

t = 0,10s

m = s m = 0 30 m = -30 m = -3,0 .102 m

t
0,10
0,10
s2
m
= 3,0.102 m
s2

20

21

83) a)

V0 = 0
t = 2,0s
ym = V
t

84)

V = 72,0 km : 3,6 = 20 m
h
s
m = 20 0
2,0

V0 = 72,0 km : 3,6 = 20 m
h
s

m = 10,0 m
s2

t = 5,0s

V = 54,0 km : 3,6 = 15 m
h
s
m = V m = 15 20 m = -1,0 m
t
5,0
s2
m = 1,0 m
s2

85)

V1 = 0

t = 2,0s

V2 = 16m
S
m = V
t

86)

m = V
t

m = 16 0
2,0

t0 = 0

V0 = -4,0m
s

t1 = 8,0s

V1 = 0

m = 0 (-4,0)
8,0 0

m = 4,0
8,0

m = 8,0 m
s2

m = 0,50m
s2

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22

87) b)

m = V
t
m = Vfinal - Vinicial
tfinal - tinicial

m ser negativa quando

Vfinal Vinical for negativa

sempre positivo

Vfinal - Vinicial < 0

Vfinal < Vinicial
(I)

trecho decrescente

e (III)

88) e) para cada intervalo de 2,0s a velocidade varia 8,0m

s
t = 2,0s
V = 8,0 m
s

m = V
t

m = 8,0
2,0

m = 4,0m
s2 Cte

89) c)
h = 30,0t 5,0t2
derivada

V = 30,0 10,0t (p/ t1 = 3,0s) V1 = 30,0 10,0.3,0

derivada

V1 = 0
= - 10,0 (p/qualquer instante) = - 10,0m
s2

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23

90)

V1 = 0
V = 108 km : 3,0 = 30m t = 5,0s
h
s

a)

m = v
t

b)

Indeterminada. No sabemos o tipo de movimento.

91) a)

m = 30 - 0
5,0

m = 6,0 m
s2

V0 = 0
V = 108 km : 3,6 = 30m
h
s
m = v
t

m = 30 - 0
10

t = 10s
m = 3,0m
s2

b) Gastar mais 5,0s, pois as velocidades na primeira metade so menores que na segunda.

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24

92) a)
S = 1,0t3 12,0t + 10,0
derivada
V = 3,0t2 12,0

o mvel pra quando V=0

O = 3,0t2 12,0
12,0 = 3,0t2
t2 = 4,0

b)

t = 2,0s

V = 3,0t2 12,0
= 6,0t

p/ t= 2,0s

= 6,0.2,0
= 12,0m
s2

93)

S = 1,0t2 4,0
Origem dos espaos S=0
O = 1,0t2 4,0
4,0 = 1,0t2
t=2,0s

S= 1,0t2 4,0
t = 2,0s

V= 2,0 t

V =2,0.2,0
p/qualquer
instante

= 2,0

V= 4,0m
s2

= 2,0m
s2

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25

99) d) Mov. retrgrado : V<0

Mov. retardado: V e

sinais opostos
>0

Como V<0

100) d)
S= 2,0t2 5,0t +4,0

(SI)

derivada
1

V= 4,0t 5,0

(p/ t =1,0s) V= 4,0.1,0 5,0

V= -1,0m
s

derivada

= 4,0 (cte)

P/qualquer t

= 4,0m
s2

V<0 mov. retrgrado

retardado

>0

101)
V= 10,0 2,0t
deriv.

= -2,0m
s2

P/qualquer t

= -2,0 (cte)
a)

t 1= 0

V= 10,0 2,0.0
V= 10,0 m/s

progressivo

retardado

= -2,0m/s2
mov. progressivo e retardado

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26

101)
b)

t2=10s

V= 10,0 2,0.10,0
V= -10,0m retrgrado
s
= -2,0m
s2

acelerado

mov. retrgrado e acelerado

102) c)
S= 1,0t2 4,0t +3,0
- Origem (dos espaos) S=0
0= 1,0t2 4,0t +3,0
= (-4,0)2 4.1,0.3,0
= 4,0
t = 1,0s
4,0 4,0 = 4,0 2,0

2.1,0
-

instantes que o mvel passa

t = 3,0s

pela origem

inverso de sentido V=0

S= 1,0t2 4,0t +3,0
V= 2,0t 4,0
0= 2,0t 4,0
2,0t =4,0

- p/ t=0

t=2,0s

S=1,0.02 4,0.0+3,0
S0= 3,0m
V= 2,0.0 4,0

retrgrado
V= 2,0t 4,0

V= -4,0m
s
deriv.

movimento retardado

= 2,0m
s2

26

27

<0

103) Concavidade voltada para baixo

t1

espao est aumentando

V>0 (progressivo)
mov. progressivo e retardado

t2

espao est diminuindo

V<0 (retrgrado)
mov. retrgrado e acelerado

104 ( d)
t

V<0 retrgrado
>0 reta crescente (V>0)
Movimento retrgrado e retardado.

105) d) mov. retrgrado V<0 (IV ou V)

Para o movimento ser acelerado, neste caso, <0 tambm (IV) <0 reta decrescente
(V<0)
(IV) retrgrado e acelerado
106 e) Na subida o mdulo de velocidade diminui

movimento

retardado

(sempre!)

A classificao de progressivo ou retrgrado, depende do sinal de velocidade escalar.

Como este sinal, por sua vez, depende do sentido adotado para a trajetria, o
movimento de
subida pode ser progressivo ou retrgrado.
(+)

(V)

(V)
(+)

Mov. progressivo e
Retardado

mov. retrgrado
retardado

27

28

107) b)

X = 2,0 + 3,0t2 + 4,0t3 (SI)

1) C

t1 = 0

X1 = 2,0 + 3,0.02 + 4,0.03

X1=2,0m

t2 = 2,0s X2 = 2,0 + 3,0.2,02 + 4,0.2,03

X2=46m
s = S2 S1
s = 46 2,0
s= 44,0m

2) C

t1= 1,0s

X1= 2,0+3,0.1,02 + 4,0.1,03

X1=9,0m

t2= 3,0s

X2= 2,0+3,0.3,02+4,0.3,03
X2=137m

Vm= s
t

3) C

Vm= 137 90
3,0 1,0

Vm= 128
2

Vm= 64,0m
s

X= 2,0+3,0t2 +4,0t3
V= 6,0t + 12,0t2
P/ t= 2,0s

V= 6,0.2,0 + 12,0.2,02
V= 60,0 m
s

28

29

V= 6,0t + 12,0t2
= 6,0 + 24,0t

4) E

p/ t= 2,0s

= 6,0 + 24,0.2,0
=
54,0m
s2

mov. acelerado

V= 60,0m
s2
= 54,0m
s2

mov. progressivo

108)
S= A + Bt + Ct2
Deriv.
V= B + 2 Ct

a) p/ mov. progressivo V>0

B + 2Ct >0
2Ct > - B
t< - B
2C

b)
deriv.

Divididas por 2C
O sinal inverteu pois C<0

V= B + 2ct
= 2C

Como C<0

<0

Para que o movimento seja acelerado V tambm deve ser negativo t > -B
2C

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109) d)

= 2,0V2

para qualquer valor de V

V2 > 0

Assim: > 0
Movimento retardado

Como: V < 0

110) e)
V= 1,0t2 20,0t
= 2,0t 20,0
0= 2,0t 20,0
2,0t = 20,0
V = 1,0.10,02 20,0.10,0

t=10,0s

V = -100m
s
Movimento retrgrado

111) a) (I) E mov. retrgrado (V<0) X decrescente

retardado V<0
>0 concavidade p/cima
(II) C

No vrtice da parbola

(III)C

Movimento progressivo (V>0) X crescente

V>0
acelerado
>0 concavidade para cima
V=0

V=0

inverso de movimento.

inverso de movimento 0

(IV)E

Vrtice

(V) E

V=0 Repouso X constante

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V= 1,0t2 3,0t + 2,0

112) a)

Para ser retrgrado V<0

1,0t2 3,0t + 2,0<0
= (-3,0)2 4.1,0.2,0
( 3 , 0 ) 1, 0 = 3,0 1,0
= 1,0
2.1,0
2,0

t = 1,0s
t = 2,0s

2,0

(+)

(+)
(-)

1,0

2,0
V<0 p/

V= 1,0t2 3,0t + 2,0

= 2,0t 3,0
2,0t 3,0 = 0

1,0s < t < 2,0s

t=1,5s

para ser acelerado <0

t<1,5s

(+)

(-)

1,5

t(s)

-3,0

31

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Continuao 112

1,0

1,5

2,0
p/

1,0

mov.retrgrado

p/ <0

1,5

P/ mov. retrgrado e acelerado

1,0s < t < 1,5s

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