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India has a population of one billion, around half of whom are adults in the sexually active age group. The first AIDS case in India was detected in 1986 and since then HIV infection has been reported in all states and union territories. The spread of HIV in India has been uneven. Although much of India has a low rate of infection, certain places have been more affected than others. HIV epidemics are more severe in the southern half of the country and the far north-east. The highest HIV prevalence rates are found in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the south; and Manipur and Nagaland in the north-east. In the southern states, HIV is primarily spread through hetersoexual contact. Infections in the north-east are mainly found amongst injecting drug users (IDUs) and sex workers. Unless otherwise stated, the data on this page has been taken from a 2008 report by the Indian governments AIDS organisation NACO (National AIDS Control Organisation).1
(5.1%), injecting drug users (7.2%) and men who have sex with men (7.4%). As the table below shows, the rates among different groups vary widely between states. Antenatal State/Union clinic HIV Territory prevalence 2007 (%) A & N Islands 0.25 Andhra 1.00 Pradesh Arunachal 0.00 Pradesh Assam 0.00 Bihar 0.25 Chandigarh 0.25 Chhattisgarh 0.25 D & N Haveli 0.50 Daman & Diu 0.13 Delhi 0.25 Goa 0.18 Gujarat 0.25 Haryana 0.13 Himachal 0.00 Pradesh Jammu & 0.00 Kashmir Jharkhand 0.00 Karnataka 0.50 Kerala 0.38 Lakshadweep 0.00 Madhya 0.00 Pradesh Maharashtra 0.50 Manipur 0.75 Meghalya 0.00 Mizoram 0.75 Nagaland 0.60 Orissa 0.00 Pondicherry 0.00 Punjab 0.00 Rajasthan 0.13 Sikkim 0.09 Tamil Nadu 0.25 STD clinic Female sex IDU HIV MSM HIV HIV worker HIV prevalence prevalence prevalence prevalence 2007 (%) 2007 (%) 2007 (%) 2007 (%) 1.33 ... ... ... 17.20 0.00 0.50 0.40 0.42 3.33 ... ... 5.20 5.60 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.40 8.40 1.60 0.00 1.72 11.62 4.08 2.21 7.13 3.42 1.60 3.22 1.60 2.00 0.00 8.00 3.71 0.00 2.41 0.60 8.64 ... ... ... 10.10 ... ... 0.80 ... ... ... 2.00 7.85 ... ... 24.40 17.90 4.17 7.53 1.91 7.33 ... 13.79 ... 0.47 16.80 17.04 ... 2.78 0.00 3.60 ... ... ... 11.73 7.93 8.40 5.39 0.00 ... ... 17.60 0.96 ... ... 11.80 16.40 ... ... ... 7.37 2.00 1.22 ... ... 6.60 9.74 ... 0.44 3.40 0.40 1.43 ... ... 3.15 ... 6.53 0.91 0.87 ... 1.09 5.30 0.87 ... 0.67 17.91 13.07 ... 7.20 8.91 0.80 1.30 0.65 4.16 0.00 4.68
Some areas report an HIV prevalence rate of zero in antenatal clinics. This does not necessarily mean HIV is absent from the area, as some states report the presence of the virus at STD clinics and amongst injecting drug users. In some states and territories the average antenatal HIV prevalence is based on reports from only a small number of clinics.
AIDS statistics
NACO has not produced estimates of the number of people living with AIDS and the number of people who have died from AIDS, for some time. Some of the last figures produced were from 2005, which showed that by the end of 2005 the total number of reported AIDS cases in India was 116,905, of which 34,177 were women.4 Around a third of these were among people younger than 30 years. These figures significantly under-represent the actual number of people living with AIDS. Many AIDS deaths go unreported in India, due to unprecedented levels of stigma and discrimination. In many situations a patient will die without HIV having been diagnosed, and with the death attributed to an opportunistic infection, such as tuberculosis.