Technical White Paper For ATM-ETH IWF

Technical White Paper for ATM-ETH IWF
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Table of Contents
1 2 Foreword.............................................................................................................................1 Core Technology.................................................................................................................2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Concept of 1483B............................................................................................................ 2 Concept of IWF and the Implementation......................................................................... 2 ATM Network Migration Solution ..................................................................................... 3 Implementation of IWF QoS ............................................................................................ 4
Typical Application ..............................................................................................................6

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Access to a Single BRAS Through IWF CCC ................................................................. 6 Access to a Single BRAS Through IWF PW ................................................................... 6 Access to Dual BRAS through IWF VPLS....................................................................... 7 IWF Multicast Service Deployment.................................................................................. 8
Summary ............................................................................................................................8
Appendix A Abbreviation..........................................................................................................10
Copyright 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Copyrights Reserved http://www.huawei.com/cn/products/datacomm/

Abstract: With the development of Ethernet, ATM access network is stepping towards Ethernet. The routers with IWF feature provide a perfect solution for making full use of existent ATM network and devices (ATM DSLAM, ATM Switch, etc.). It helps ATM network intercommunicate with Ethernet smoothly through multiple carrier methods such as CCC, PW and VPLS. Keywords: IWF, CCC, PW, VPLS, BRAS, 1483B, QoS
1 Foreword
ATM has a long history. Over the past two decades, ATM network has been fully developed. Due to its robust QoS capability, the existent ATM network has carried many importance services, such as IP, Voice, conference call, ISDN/DSL and etc. However, with the fast development of IP technologies, particularly the seamless combination of IP technology and Ethernet technology, the future of ATM technology has been shadowed. The limitations of ATM have been exposed, as follows: Due to the cell tax of ATM, its transmission efficiency is rather low. Due to the segmentation and reassembly (SAR) of ATM, the capacity of core network has been confined greatly; OC-48 SAR has limited functions. The existing ATM networks have the common interfaces of 622M and 155M, and it is hard to see interfaces of 2.5G or above. ATM cannot keep up with the increase of IP services, and it is poor in terms of multicast. Therefore, it is hard to deploy new services, particularly the popular Triple Play/IPTV services. Building ATM network is very costly, and the maintenance of devices is also complex. IP and Ethernet technologies have been widely used in the world due to their good compatibility and scalability, and it is inevitable for ATM network to evolve into IP network and Ethernet work. However, such a change should be smooth and gradual to protect customers interests and make full use of existent network and devices. Also, Ethernet has to carry the traditional ATM services and make both ATM network and Ethernet intercommunicate, evolving the services and protecting the investment.
2 Core Technology
2.1 Concept of 1483B
RFC 1483 (Updated 2684) defines the encapsulation format of multi-protocol packet over AAL5, including routing PDU and bridging PDU, namely, 1483R routing and 1483B bridging. 1483R routing includes PPPoA and IPoA, but it often refers to IPoA. 1483B bridging mainly uses Ethernet encapsulation format including PPPoEoA and IPOEOA. RFC 1483 defines two types of encapsulation: VC Based multiplexing: A VC is used to transmit only one protocol packet. The user needs to specify the packet format of PVC packet that often refers to VC_MUX encapsulation. LLC Encapsulation: The protocol number carried in the header identifies the protocol type. A VC can be used to transmit multiple protocol packets. A SNAP header is appended behind the header. It is called SNAP encapsulation. VC_MUX is of non-frame encapsulation format while SNAP is of frame encapsulation format, as shown in the following figure:
VC_MUX Encapsulation pTag PDU
0xAA SNAP Encapsulation pTag DSAP
0xAA SSAP
3 Ctrl
0x000000 OUI Ether Type PDU
1483B Encapsulation Format
ATM interface/sub-interface configured in bridged mode supports Layer 2 packet broadcast and MAC address learning. 1483B can implement all services like Ethernet, including transparently transmitting VLAN, Layer 2/Layer 3 forwarding, access VPLS and access L3 VPN.
2.2
Concept of IWF and the Implementation
Inter-Working Function (IWF) means that the ATM packets are translated into Ethernet packets through QinQ mapping between 1483B-based ATM link and Ethernet link; that is, map the VPI of ATM packets to external VLAN Tag, and VCI to internal VLAN Tag, thus implementing the transmission of ATM packets over Ethernet links. The Ethernet packets after translation are often carried by L2VPN. According to different
carrying methods, IWF has the following two methods: Local CCC mode: implement the cross connection of circuit between an ATM interface and Ethernet sub-interface of the same router.
CCC local connection
PW mode: LSP, GRE or TE tunnel helps implement transparent transmission of data packets over ATM and Ethernet links between peer PE routers.
PW mode
2.3
ATM Network Migration Solution
For the migration of ATM access network to Ethernet, both IWF and 1483B L2 forwarding schemes can help. (1) 1483B Layer 2 forwarding scheme VPI and VCI are mapped to one-layer VLAN tag which is used to mark the information about ATM DSLAM, but the user information is lost. After the PPPoE authentication packets reach BRAS, BRAS will authenticate them according to the user account and the device information (one layer of VLAN tag); it has the risk of account faking for users under the same ATM DSLAM device. (2) IWF scheme VPI and VCI are mapped to double tags. The inner tag and the outer tag identify ATM DALAM device information and user information respectively. After PPPoE authentication packet reaches BRAS, BRAS can authenticate based on user account, device information (the outer tag) and user information (the inner tag). In this way, account embezzlement can be avoided in terms of security.
ATM network migration solution
For both solutions, they all use a router to terminate the ATM packets so as to transmit the packets over Ethernet, but IWF features better security and scalability. So IWF provided by routers is more suitable for migration of ATM network to Ethernet.
2.4
Implementation of IWF QoS
ATM features robust QoS with strict differentiated level of QoS. This point should be noted in converting ATM packets to Ethernet packet by IWF. 1) When the packet is out of the interface, ATM interface at the egress supports the mapping from 802.1P or DSCP to 802.1P/EXP/DSCP. QoS information (CLP) of ATM is not mapped. 2) In the ATM interface at the ingress, 1483B packet as ATM cells enters PVC. ATM CLP is obtained by mapping based on the upper layer priority and ATM CLP is filled in the cell header.
ATM Service CBR
CLP 0
EXP 5
DSCP 5 (EF)
802.1p 5
Service Voice (media stream) Control VC (routing protocols, signaling stream) Control VC (routing protocols, signaling stream)
Rt-VBR
7 (CS7)
6 (CS6)
0 1 0 1 Nrt-VBR 0
4 3 3 2 2
4 (AF4 green) 4 (AF4 yellow) 3 (AF3 green) 3 (AF3 yellow) 2 (AF2 green)
4 3 3 2 2
Video stream Video stream VPN traffic VPN traffic Bandwidth assurance, data stream Bandwidth assurance, data stream Common data stream
1 0 ABR 1 0 UBR 1 0 OAM cell 1
2 (AF2 yellow) 1 (AF1 green)
1 1 (AF1 yellow) 0 0 (BE)
1 Common data stream 0 Common data stream
5 (EF)
--
ATM IP Mapping Relationship
EXP 7 6 5 4 3 2
DSCP 7 (CS7) 6 (CS6) 5 (EF) 4 (AF4 green) 4 3 (AF4 yellow) 2 (AF2 green) 2 (AF2 yellow)
802.1p 7 6 5 4 3 2 2 1 0
CLP 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
1 0
1 (AF1) 0 (BE)
IP
ATM Mapping Relationship
3 Typical Application
3.1 Access to a Single BRAS through IWF CCC
In local CCC mode, accessing ATM traffic from DSLAM, 1483B encapsulation-based traffic on a router is cross connected to the Eth-link. VPI is mapped to the external VLAN tag and VCI the internal VLAN tag. The packet is transmitted from Ethernet interface to the remote BRAS device for authentication. The BRAS device differentiates DSLAM users according to both VLAN tags.
Access to a single BRAS through IWF CCC
3.2
Access to a Single BRAS through IWF PW
1483B traffic of ATM access can be transparently transmitted to remote Eth link through PW (L2VPN in Martini or Kompella mode). During the transparent transmission, VPI is mapped to the outer tag and VCI the inner tag. BRAS device differentiates the DSLAM users according to both VLAN tags of packets.
Access to a single BRAS through IWF PW
3.3
Access to Dual BRAS through IWF VPLS
If active/standby protection of BRAS is necessary in network migration, namely, ATM DSLAM is connected to two BRASs, use the following VPLS schema. In the schema, the reliability becomes the focus of the design.
Access to dual-BRAS through IWF VPLS
H-VPLS model is used in network access, and two PWs are set up between UPE and PE-AGG, namely service PW and management PW. The traffic of 1483B enters through ATM DSLAM; UPE maps the VPI/VCI to QinQ, and then the QinQ is connected to service PW of VPLS; at last, the traffic will be authenticated at the remote BRAS after transparent transmission. The returned traffic determines QinQ by using VSI+MAC; UPE maps the QinQ to VPI/VCI, and then the traffic is forwarded to ATM DSLAM. BFD is enabled on the link between UPE and NPE; both NPEs run BFD for VRRP; the active and standby state of VRRP controls the Layer 2 and Layer 3 services, and determines whether the external route advertised should be cancelled or not. The link protection between UPE and PE-AGG is carried out by TE protection group and BFD for LSP, and the protection for node is implemented by BFD for VRRP over mVSI and the BFD between UPE and NPE jointly. BFD for VRRP detection packets are transmitted between the management sub-interfaces of QinQ of both NPEs, and they are carried by management PW between UPE and PE-AGG; during the active/standby switchover, Layer 3 services request the UPE to switch the link by sending free ARP packets in relevant PWs; Layer 2 services delete the relevant forwarding entries in VSI through free ARP packets in PW monitored by UPE, finishing the switchover.
3.4
IWF Multicast Service Deployment
IWF multicast service deployment
Users have more and more demands for multicast services with the development of IPTV. Because ATM DSLAM is poor in supporting multicast, it is hard for ATM customers to deploy IPTV services. In the migration from ATM network to Ethernet, if ATM customers have the demand for IPTV, duplicate the multicast VLAN to the PVC of users at a router. This requires the router supports IWF and IGMP Snooping, and the ATM PVC type should be added to multicast FIB. Generally, ATM DSLAM is connected to the upstream through 155M/622M, so the bandwidth is limited for IPTV service stream, and only few users could get IPTV services. During the interim of ATM network migration, it is a reasonable policy to control the number of IPTV service users. It is not suggested to deploy a large amount of multicast services on ATM access network, and the customers can access it through Ethernet if necessary.
4 Summary
The migration of ATM access network to Ethernet is a smooth process, and the routers with IWF feature provide a perfect solution. It does not only implement both communication between ATM network and Ethernet, but also ensure the QoS of services; also, it provides many flexible and competitive solutions of CCC, PW and VPLS, without any influence on the interests and investments of customers.
At present, ATM access network is the main part of carrier networks. The ATM-ETH IWF solution and the devices provided by Huawei can bring more value for you.
Appendix A
Abbreviation
English Name ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Broadband Remote Access Server Packet Data Unit Inter-Working Function Asynchronous Transfer Mode Circuit Cross Connect Pseudo Wire Virtulal Private LAN Service Virtual Path Identifier Virtual Channel Identifier Virtual Circuit Permanent Virtual Circuit Quality of Service Virtual Local Area Network Virtual Private Network Virtual Switch Instance Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Label Switched Path User Provider Edge Network Provider Edge Bi-directional Forwarding Detection
Abbreviations/Acronyms AAL5 BRAS PDU IWF ATM CCC PW VPLS VPI VCI VC PVC QoS VLAN VPN VSI VRRP LSP UPE NPE BFD
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Technical White Paper for ATM-ETH IWF

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.