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The PEF issues regarding nuclear energy and renewable energy clearly illustrate how - in the current energy landscape at least - the PEF has become a political correction factor rather than a scientific value.
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Fig. 2: Part of the energy is produced locally, with PEF produced = PEF delivered The PEF for produced electricity is in some cases set lower than the average PEF for delivered grid electricity. The reason is that local renewables will mainly produce at times when demand is low (e.g. solar PV mainly produce in summer) or when the share of renewables in the electricity mix of the grid is already high (e.g. local PV cells produce when centralized PV cells produce as well). This is penalized by lowering the PEF for produced electricity. This means that locally produced renewables are not deducted from the consumed grid electricity at their full value.
Fig. 2: Part of the energy is produced locally, with PEF produced < PEF delivered
In short: the PEF for produced electricity follows an opposite reasoning as the PEF for delivered electricity. It is high when the energy benefit of local renewables is considered high, and low when this energy benefit is considered low.
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In five out of the seven countries studied by Ecofys, the PEF for produced electricity is set equal to that of delivered electricity. This does stimulate the development of local renewables on buildings, but it also reduces the incentive to improve the energy performance of the building.
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