E2-E3

Management
MOTIVATION

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WELCOME
This is a presentation for the E2-E3 Management Module for the Topic: MOTIVATION Eligibility: Those who have got the Upgradation from E2 to E3. This presentation is last updated on 15-3-2011. You can also visit the Digital library of BSNL to see this topic.
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Learning Objective
Understand Motivation Know important motivational concepts & theories Tips for motivation Application of these concepts in BSNL

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What is Motivation?
Motivation is the willingness to do something and is conditioned by the desire to satisfy some need of the individual, (A need in our terminology is some internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive). People who have motivation exert more or take efforts to perform better than those who are not motivated.

Job performance =Ability x Motivation

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SIMILARITIES???
Difference between motivation, satisfaction, inspiration and manipulation. Satisfaction is contentment. Inspiration is discreet and brings about a change in thinking pattern. Manipulation is done a predetermined way(often negative).

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Expectations beyond Money

Control of their work: the ability to impact decisions; setting clear and measurable goals; clear responsibility for a complete, or at least defined, task; job enrichment and recognition for achievement. To belong to the in-crowd

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Expectations beyond Money

The opportunity for growth and development:
education and training; career paths; team participation; cross-training; and field trips to successful workplaces.

Leadership Recognition

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PROCESS OF MOTIVATION
NEEDS IN AN ENVIRONMENT SETTING TENSION TO PERFORM EFFORT OPPORTUNITY GOALS AND INCENTIVES DRIVE PERFORMANCE

REWARDS
NEED GET SATISFIED
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THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Many theoretical concepts Some based on empirical findings

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CONTRIBUTION OF ROBERT OWEN

Men were similar to machines They work good if good care is taken

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JEREMY BENTHAMS THE CARROT AND THE STICK APPROACH

Carrot of money, promotion, etc Stick of fear, harm, etc

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ABRAHAM MASLOWS NEED HIERARCHY THEORY

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS IN FORM OF A PYRAMID
SELFACTUALIZATION

ESTEEM NEEDS

SOCIAL NEEDS

SECURITY NEEDS

PHSYIOLOGICAL NEEDS

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PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
FOOD WATER WARMTH SHELTER

SLEEP
MEDICINE EDUCATION

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SECURITY OR SAFETY NEEDS

Fear of loosing job Fear of loosing property Emotional protection Need of being safe from injury Need for protection against arbitrary deprivation and

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SOCIAL NEEDS
Need for belongingness Need for association Need for acceptance of ones fellows

Need for giving and receiving friendship

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ESTEEM NEEDS
Autonomy Achievement Self esteem and esteem for others Self respect and respect for others A feeling of personal worth Adequacy and competence Admiration Recognition Status Need for appreciations
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NEED FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Growth

Achieving ones potential

Self fulfillment

Need for continued self-development

Need for being creative

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FREDRICK HERZBERGS MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY

Two different independent categories of factors influence individual motivation and job satisfaction. Rules, policies, working conditions, supervision, interpersonal relations, technical instructions and security were considered to be hygienic factors.

These factors when they are absent increase workers dissatisfactions with their job.
When present, these factors serve to prevent job dissatisfaction but do not result in positive satisfaction and motivation.
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FREDRICK HERZBERGS MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY

To motivate motivators like Job rotation Job enlargement (horizontally expanding) Job enrichment (vertical loading)

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF ELTON MAYO

Hawthorne experiments People are motivated by not only pay and conditions

Need of belongingness are important

Attitude is influenced by group

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VROOMS VALENCE EXPECTANCY THEORY

Also be termed as rational-man theory to motivation. A person is perceived as a rationally calculating entity who evaluates the potential reward to be gained from behaviour before he/she initiates activity. The expectancy theory relies on three major concepts valence, instrumentality and expectancy.
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VROOMS VALENCE EXPECTANCY THEORY

Valence refers to the relative importance that a goal has for an individual. Instrumentality refers to the probability that a person will estimate that the achievement of an organizational goal will lead directly to a desired personal goal. Expectancy is the probability that an individuals effort will achieve his or the organizational goal, as perceived by the individual.
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TYPES OF MOTIVATION
Affiliation Motivation Competence Motivation Power Motivation Attitude Motivation

Incentive Motivation
Fear Motivation

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BEING A MOTIVATION MANAGER

Treat staff well

Think like a winner

Recognize the differences Set realistic goals

Prevent demonization
Job-financial enrichment and small job changes are handy

Non-financial rewards
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Tips for Motivation

Motivating employees starts with motivating yourself

Always work to align goals of the organization with goals of employees

Key to supporting the motivation of your employees is understanding what motivates each of them Recognize that supporting employee motivation is a process, not a task Support employee motivation by using organizational systems
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Tips for Motivation

Build a foundation Create a positive environment Put people on the right path Educate the masses

Celebrate, Dont forget the fun

Acknowledge contributions Provide incentives

Honor your promises

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Tips for Motivation

Match tasks to talents Establish goals that are SMARTER Clearly convey how employee results contribute to organizational results Let employees hear from their customers (internal or external Have one-on-one meetings with each employee Cultivate strong skills in delegation Admit to yourself (and to an appropriate someone else) if you don't like an employee
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Application of motivational concepts in BSNL Physiological

Salary Risk allowance to employees working in remote areas Winter clothing for those working in low temperature ambience Various loans and advances such as HBA etc Canteen facilities. Rest rooms.

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Application of motivational concepts in BSNL Safety

Pension benefits (for self and family) BSNL MRS Group insurance and GPF Congenial working atmosphere Safety and protective devices like shoes, umbrella etc

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Application of motivational concepts in BSNL Love

LTC Recreational facilities and financial support for excursions etc In-house magazines for encouraging literary talents Welfare board for employee welfare such as scholarships for the children of employees to various educational programmes

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Application of motivational concepts in BSNL Esteem

Socially acceptable designations and authority. Developed residential colonies. Best employee awards Incentive schemes and cash awards

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Conclusion
No theory is universal. Motivation is an art to be practiced rather than a science. Nature has created human beings in such a variety of mental make up that for motivating a person a complete study of his personality is needed.

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