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Philip Kerr & Ceri Jones

Straightforward
Upper Intermediate Companion
German Edition

Welcome to the Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion!


What information does the Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion give you? a word list of key words and phrases from each unit of Straightforward Upper Intermediate Students Book pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the key words and phrases in context a summary of the Language Reference from Straightforward Upper Intermediate Students Book Abbreviations used in the Companion
(v) (adj) (n) verb adjective noun (phr v) phrasal verb (prep) preposition (pron) pronoun (n pl) (C) (U) plural noun countable uncountable

VoWELS And dIpHtHonGS


/I/ /i/ /U/ /u/ /e/ // // /O/ // // big fish green beans should look blue moon ten eggs about mother learn words short talk fat cat must come /bIg fIS/ /grin binz/ /SUd lUk/ /blu mun/ /ten egz/ /baUt mD(r)/ /ln wdz/ /SOt tOk/ /ft kt/ /mst km/ /A/ // /I/ /eI/ /U/ /OI/ /U/ /e/ /aI/ /aU/ calm start hot spot ear face pure boy nose hair eye mouth /kAm stAt/ /ht spt/ /I(r)/ /feIs/ /pjU(r)/ /bOI/ /nUz/ /he(r)/ /aI/ /maUT/

ConSonAntS
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /tS/ /dZ/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /T/ /D/ pen bad tea dog church jazz cost girl far voice thin then /pen/ /bd/ /ti/ /dg/ /tStS/ /dZz/ /kst/ /gl/ / fa(r)/ /vOIs/ /TIn/ /Den/ /s/ /z/ /S/ /Z/ /m/ /n/ /N/ /h/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/ snake noise shop measure make nine sing house leg red wet yes /sneIk/ /nOIz/ /Sp/ /meZ(r)/ /meIk/ /naIn/ /sIN/ /haUs/ /leg/ /red/ /wet/ /jes/

Unit 1
Leisure interests
aficionado (n) C be crazy about fan (n) C get a taste for (sth) get the bug for (sth) give (sth) a try be into (sth) be keen on (sth) be obsessed with passion (n) U supporter (n) C take up (sth) (v) \fISi"nAdU\ \bi "kreIzi baUt\ \fn\ \get "teIst f\ \get D "bg f\ \gIv "traI\ \bi "Int\ \bi "kin n\ \bi b"sest wID\ \"pSn\ \s"pOt\ \teIk "p\ Liebhaber(in) verrckt sein nach Fan; Anhnger(in)

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Greg became a real aficionado, setting up his own website and organizing annual conventions. Matthew Gibbon is crazy about rugby. Greg and his friends were all big fans of Star Trek. He got the Trekkie bug in a big way and became a real aficionado. It was a colleague who suggested she should give paintballing a try. Once youre into ghost hunting theres no turning back. Tony ONeill was always keen on ghost stories. He became more and more obsessed with rugby. Gregs interest turned into a passion. Matthew is a supporter of the Scottish national rugby team. He decided to take up ghost hunting after watching a TV documentary about it. 

auf den Geschmack kommen Charlotte quickly got a taste for paintballing. gepackt werden von etwas etwas ausprobieren auf etwas stehen; voll aktiv sein sich fr etwas sehr interessieren von etwas besessen sein Leidenschaft Anhnger(in) mit etwas anfangen

Time adverbials
after a while afterwards at first at the beginning eventually finally in the end initially later on subsequently to begin with \Aftr"waIl\ \"Aftwdz\ \t "fst\ \t D bI"gInIN\ \I"ventSuli\ \"faInli\ \In Di "end\ \I"nISli\ \leIt "n\ \"sbsIkwntli\ \t bI"gIn wID\ nach einer Weile nachher zunchst; zuerst am Anfang schlielich schlielich zum Schluss anfangs spter anschlieend am Anfang After a while James realized he couldnt mix his job with his personal interests. You can always sell the autographs afterwards. At first I said no, but then he offered me fifty pounds for the autograph. At the beginning I found it difficult to draw a line between collecting and trading. We eventually decided we had been mistaken. Finally the first limousine pulled up. The crowd was getting out of control and in the end the police pushed everybody back. Well, initially I was just an autograph hunter like all the others. Later on hundreds of other fans began arriving. If the person subsequently dies, the value of their autograph doubles overnight. To begin with, the atmosphere was calm and friendly.

Unit 1
Expressions with thing
in-thing its just one of those things one thing led to another the good thing is a thing about \In"TIN\ \Its dZst wn v DUz "TINz\ \wn TIN led tu "nD\ \D "gUd TiN Iz\ \D "TiN baUt\

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

das, was zur Zeit in ist So was kommt eben vor. Eins fhrte zum anderen. Das Gute dran ist eine Schwche fr; einen ....-fimmel haben

How did 1970s fashion get to be the in-thing again? Its horrible! I dont know why really, its just one of those things. One thing led to another and I now do more than ten hours overtime a week. The good thing is, weve got quite a big house. I always had a thing about football.

Other words & phrases


antique (adj) attend (v) autograph (n) C babysit (v) background (n) C backstage (n) U badge (n) C bargain (n) C bat (n) C bear (sth) (v) bloke (n) C blood-crazed (adj) blood-donating (n) U brand (v) bulging (adj) car boot sale (n) C \n"tik\ \"tend\ \"OtgrAf\ \"beIbisIt\ \"bkgraUnd\ \bk"steIdZ\ \bdZ\ \"bagIn\ \bt\ \be\ \blUk\ \"bldkreIzd\ \"blddUneItIN\ \"brnd\ bldZIN\ \ka "but seIl\ antik besuchen Autogramm babysitten Hintergrund; Lebensgeschichte in die Garderobe Abzeichen; Button Schnppchen Schlger ertragen Kerl blutrnstig Blutspenden mit einem Brandzeichen kennzeichnen GlotzFlohmarkt My friends joke that my husband is the star attraction in my collection because hes got these bulging eyes. Car boot sales are very popular in Britain. I went backstage at concerts to get my tour T-shirt signed. Some people enjoy collecting button badges. People occasionally find incredible bargains at car boot sales. Bats can also be used to hurt people. What I couldnt bear was giving up without getting the whole set. Hes just a normal bloke who likes to let off steam. Daves not a blood-crazed maniac hes just a normal bloke. One candidate wrote that she had taken up blood-donating (fourteen gallons so far!). Weird. The paint markers were used for branding cattle. Some people like collecting antique postcards. Attending car boot sales is one of the most popular leisure activities in Britain. Have you ever got the autograph of someone famous? Id love to, but I cant, its my turn to babysit! Resist the temptation to invent an interesting background for yourself. 

Unit 1
cattle (n pl) chess (n) U clay (adj) collectable (adj) convention (n) C dark horse (n) U deal (v) / (n) C dedicate (v) defensive (adj) devote (v) draughts (n pl) draw a line between dress up (v) eliminate (v) enamel (n) U exception (n) C get carried away get hold of (v) glamour (n) U glorify (v) gnome (n) C goods (n pl) \ktl\ \tSes\ kleI\ \k"lektbl\ \kn"venSn\ \dAk "hOs\ \dil\ \"dedIkeIt\ \dI"fensIv\ \dI"vUt\ \drAfts\ \drO "laIn bItwin\ \dres "p\ \I"lImIneIt\ \I"nml\ \Ik"sepSn\ \get krId "weI\ \get "haUld v\ \"glm\ \"glOrIfaI\ \nUm\ \gUdz\ Rinder; Vieh Schach Ton-

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The paint markers were designed for branding cattle. So, your brothers a chess champion, is he? In Slovenia they sell small clay models that are painted green. Stamps, postcards and stickers are all collectable items. Greg got the Trekkie bug in a big way and became a real aficionado, setting up his own website and organising annual conventions. stilles Wasser Deal; Geschft widmen defensiv verwenden; verbringen Damespiel trennen sich verkleiden ausschalten Emaille Ausnahme sich nicht bremsen knnen in die Hand bekommen Glamour verherrlichen Zwerg Waren National champion? You Dave? You dark horse! Selling the Sean Connery photo was my first deal. You know that person dedicated themselves to that particular task and now you own the result. You are hardworking and serious, possibly defensive, with a tendency to overreact. He now reckons that he devotes about 30 hours a week training, playing or watching games. Paintballing is no more a war game than chess or draughts. At the beginning I found it difficult to draw a line between collecting and trading. Isnt the whole point of paintballing to dress up and play soldiers? Players work in teams and try to eliminate as many members of the rival team as they can. Most of them collect the old enamel or metal badges. James made an exception with the Harrison Ford autograph its not for sale! Sorry, I got a bit carried away. I didnt mean to get personal. If you get hold of one of Greta Garbos autographs, it can be worth up to 6,0007,000. Its like youre buying a part of the person, a piece of fame, a share of the glamour. Do you think paintballing glorifies violence? Garden gnomes are figures like small men that some people have in their gardens. Anything and everything is bought and sold, from unwanted household items to collectable items to stolen goods. 

echten Sammlerwert haben Tagung; Konferenz

Unit 1
handle (v) hang around have a tendency to household (adj) / (n) U hunter (n) C impatient (adj) in deep water instinct (n) C in stock introverted (adj) job seeker (n) C junk (n) U kid (n) C lacking (adj) latter lawn (n) C let off steam liven up (v) looped (adj) make (sth) up (v) maniac (n) C memorabilia (n pl) nasty (adj) nutter (n) C outgoing (adj) overreact (v) \"hndl\ \hN "raUnd\ \hv "tendnsi t\ \"haUshUld\ \"hnt\ \Im"peISnt\ \In dip "wOt\ \"InstINkt\ \In "stk\ \"IntrvtId\ \"dZb sik\ \dZNk\ \kId\ \"lkIN\ \"lt\ \lOn\ \let f "stim\ \laIvn "p\ \lupt\ \meIk "p\ \"meInik\ \mem"r"bIli\ \"nasti\ \"nt\ \aUt"gUIN\ \Uvri"kt\ zu tun haben mit herumstehen neigen zu Haushalts-; Haushalt Jger(in) ungeduldig

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Whats the most valuable autograph youve handled? At school we used to hang around in the playground every day. You may have a tendency to overreact. A lot of people sell unwanted household items at car boot sales. There are seven people in their household. Initially, James was just an autograph hunter. You are ambitious and sometimes impatient. You could find yourself in deep water if you dont tell the truth. Its a basic human instinct. If youve got an autograph in stock and the person dies, the value doubles overnight. introvertiert Arbeitssuchende(r) Trdel; Germpel Kind ohne letzter, -e, -s Rasen Dampf ablassen beleben mit Schlaufen erfinden Wahnsinnige(r) Memorabilien bse Verrckte(r) kontaktfreudig berreagieren Quieter, more introverted people have smaller handwriting. Job seekers need to make their application stand out. Most of the things are junk but people occasionally find incredible bargains. If I ever have a kid myself, I know hell enjoy looking at my collection. If your handwriting is easy to read you might be organized, careful, possibly lacking in self-confidence. Obviously the latter are worth much more money. He was looking a bit lonely out there on the lawn all on his own. Hes just a normal sort of bloke who likes to let off steam. It started off as a joke I just wanted something to liven up the garden. If you use looped letters you might be imaginative and creative. A lot of candidates lie on their CVs and make things up. Dave doesnt strike me as being a blood-crazed maniac. Harrison Ford wont usually sign Blade Runner memorabilia. My husbands got these bulging eyes but I dont mean that in a nasty way. Are you saying the sport should be banned because there are a few nutters out there who take things a bit far? People who have large handwriting often have a lot of confidence in themselves they are probably quite outgoing and sociable. People who have heavy handwriting are often hard-working and serious, possibly defensive with a tendency to overreact. 

in groen Schwierigkeiten Instinkt vorrtig

Unit 1
paintball (n) C paintballing (n) U pellet (n) C point-blank (adv) prospective (adj) rabid (adj) \"peIntbOl\ \"peIntbOlIN\ \pelIt\ \pOInt"blNk\ \pr"spektIv\ \"rbId\ Farbkugel Farbkugelschieen Kgelchen glatt zuknftig tollwtig

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


If a paintball hits you, youre out of the game. Paintballing can help relieve the stresses of a hard-working week. Paintball guns shoot paint pellets. Some stars love signing and theyll sign practically anything you put in front of them, but others refuse point-blank. Prospective employers worry about dangerous activities that can cause absences. And lets not forget the typos people who are proud of their rabid typing or who announce that they were responsible for ruining their companys sales department.

re-enact (v) relieve (v) resist (v) reveal (v) rival (adj) ruin (v) / (n)C selfish (adj) set up (v) stall (n) C stand out (v)

\riIn"kt\ \rI"liv\ \rI"zist\ \rI"vil\ \"raIvl\ \"ruIn\ \"selfIS\ \set "p\ \stOl\ \stnd aUt\

nachspielen lindern widerstehen aufdecken konkurrierend ruinieren egoistisch einrichten Stand herausragen

Players shoot each other with paint and re-enact famous battle scenes. Paintballing can help relieve the stresses of a hard-working week. Resist the temptation to invent things that are not true. The airplanes black box may reveal the cause of the crash. Players try to eliminate as many members of the rival team as they can. Typing mistakes include people who announce they are responsible for ruining their companys sales department! If your handwritings hard to read you are active and energetic, but sometimes selfish. Greg Schultz became a real aficionado, setting up his own website. There used to be market stalls and shops that sold nothing but badges. Job seekers need to make their application stand out, so theres little point in saying that youre into pop music, that you like going to the cinema or that youve been a supporter of your local football club for ten years. 

sticker (n) C strategy (n) C survey (n) C swap (n) tempt (v) terminate (v)

\"stIk\ \"strtdZi\ \"sveI\ \swp\ \tempt\ \"tmIneIt\

Aufkleber Strategie Umfrage Tausch verlocken lsen; beenden

A lot of people enjoy collecting Panini stickers. Its a game of strategy. A recent survey shows that one in four CVs contain a lie of some kind. We used to do swaps and try to collect the whole set. People write such strange things on their CVs that its tempting to believe that they dont want the job at all. His previous contract had been terminated because he had to get to work by 8.45am and he couldnt work under those conditions!

Unit 1
trade (v) / (n) U typo (n) C voluntary (adj) weapon (n) C weird (adj) workout (n) C \treId\ \"taIpU\ \"vlntri\ \"wepn\ \wId\ \"wkaUt\ tauschen; verkaufen; Handel Tippfehler freiwillig Waffe seltsam Trainingsstunde

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


They display the items they want to trade in the back of their car. The two countries signed agreements on trade. Typos are unfortunate typing mistakes. Some people claim they have done voluntary work when they havent. I think paint guns are dangerous weapons. One candidate wrote that she had taken up blood-donating (fourteen gallons so far!). Weird. Paintballing gives you a good physical workout.

Unit 2
Adjectives (character)
aggressive cold-blooded cuddly cute docile ferocious inquisitive lovely obedient playful tame vicious \"gresIv\ \kUld"bldd\ \"kdli\ \kjut\ \"dUsaIl\ \f"rUSs\ \In"kwIztIv\ \"lvli\ \"bidint\ \"pleIf l\ \teIm\ \"vISs\ aggressiv kaltbltig Kuschelputzig zahm; sanftmtig wild neugierig wunderschn gehorsam verspielt zahm bsartig

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Dolphins can become very aggressive when faced with food shortages. Do you agree that dolphins can be cold-blooded killers? Dolphins are not just the cuddly animals of our imagination. Experts insist they are not the cute, cuddly animals of popular imagination. The ponies in the New Forest are very obedient and very docile. Wayne Preston argues that dolphins are neither dangerous nor ferocious. He says dolphins are inquisitive and playful. They wander around, completely free, and theyre really, really lovely. The ponies in the New Forest are very obedient and very docile. People think of dolphins as cuddly, playful creatures. Lionel Walter used to go to the seaside with his pet opossum and tame dingo. Some animals can get quite vicious if theyre frightened. 

Verb idioms
add up butt in clear up draw the line face miss the point \d "p\ \bt "In\ \klI "p\ \drO D "laIn\ \feIs\ \mIs D "pOInt\ stimmen unterbrechen (auf)klren Schluss sein sich nichts vormachen den Sinn nicht verstehen His ideas on how to manage the problem just dont add up. Shes forever butting in on other peoples conversations. Its important to clear up any misunderstandings We have to draw the line somewhere we cant allow the numbers to keep on growing. Lets face it foxes are a serious nuisance. Im sorry, but youre missing the point of what Im saying.

Strong reactions
blow (your) top (v) insane (adj) livid (adj) lose (your) temper (v) lunatic (n) C \blU "tp\ \In"seIn\ \"lIvId\ \luz "temp\ \"luntIk\ an die Decke gehen geisteskrank wtend die Beherrschung verlieren Wahnsinnige(r) She really blew her top. Shes totally insane. She was absolutely livid. She lost her temper. Shes a complete lunatic.

Unit 2
need (your) head examined round the bend (adj) worked up (adj) \nid hed Ig"zmInd\ \raUnd D bend\ \wkt "p\ untersuchen lassen verrckt aufgeregt

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


auf (ihren) Geisteszustand She needs her head examined. Shes round the bend. She got really worked up.

Collocations with get


get along get around get in touch with get involved get on with it \get "lN\ \get "raUnd\ \get In "ttS wID\ \get In"vlvd\ \get "n wID It\ miteinander gut auskommen Tom and Trixie got along well from the start. herumkommen Kontakt aufnehmen mit sich engagieren; zu tun haben mit weitermachen Once my jobs over the two of them can just get on with it. Tom gets around with the help of Trixie and a white stick. Get in touch with us on www.guidedogs.org.uk. How did you first get involved in training guide dogs?

Other words & phrases


abandon (v) absurd (adj) afloat (adj) anxious (adj) assault (n) C autistic (adj) banish (v) baron (n) C bather (n) C batter (v) bite (v) / (n) C break out (v) breed (v) / (n) C bury (v) \"bndn\ \b"sd\ \"f lUt\ \"NkSs\ \a"sOlt\ \O"tIstIk\ \"bnIS\ \"brn\ \"beID\ \"bt\ \baIt\ \breIk"aUt\ \brid\ \"beri\ aufgeben absurd ber Wasser besorgt Angriff autistisch verbannen Freiherr; Baron Badende(r) schlagen; prgeln beien; Biss ausbrechen sich vermehren; Rasse vergraben The solution is to abandon social niceties (irrelevant in the dark) and eat with your hands. The idea that foxes will attack children is totally absurd. Dolphins will help other injured dolphins by holding them afloat on the surface of the water. An anxious mother dolphin will attack to protect her young. Malcolm Hunter said he was horrified by the viciousness of the assault on the porpoise. Dolphins can be ideal playmates for autistic children. Any dog with bad table manners was banished from the table! Lionel Walter (18681937) was the second Baron Rothschild. Local authorities have closed two beaches to bathers. One witness said the dolphins were battering the porpoise to death. The dolphin turned on the girl, biting her on the arm. Playful bites and gentle nose butts are just part of the game. A fight broke out between residents and protestors. Penguins breed well in zoos in cold countries. What kind of dog do they own? What are the most popular breeds? Foxes dig holes in gardens to bury their food. 

Unit 2
busker (n) C calf (n) C carriage (n) C clash (v) / (n) C \"bsk\ \kaf\ \"krIdZ\ \klS\ Straenmusikant Kalb Kutsche zusammenstoen

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Ben was a busker and he played the mouth organ while his dogs did all kinds of tricks. A dolphin calf is a young dolphin. Rothschild once drove all the way to London in a zebra-drawn carriage. Angry residents clashed with the protesters as they presented a petition to the mayor calling for urgent measures to be taken to reduce the number of foxes living in our town. Zusammensto Urban fox lovers arrested in town hall clash! It is common sense to observe wild animals at a distance and we should respect their privacy and natural habitat. We are convinced that fox numbers need to be controlled. Every day, she would walk the streets of New Orleans, sometimes crawling on her hands and knees. Do you think that it is cruel to kill foxes? Why is the association calling for a cull on urban foxes in the area? Women servants had to curtsey whenever they saw the bird. Wayne Preston claims the article contains deliberate misinformation. Foxes dig holes in gardens to bury their food. Lionel Walter used to go to the seaside with his pet opossum and tame dingo. Dolphins and their handlers can help disabled children overcome their handicaps. Wayne Preston signs his letter Yours disappointedly. The eagle is a bird of prey. To put it mildly, Francis Henry Egerton, eighth Earl of Bridgewater (17561829), liked dogs. Do you think these three pet owners were mad or just eccentric? He was convinced that his late father Robert had returned as a turkey on the family estate at Cookesborough. He lives in a dream world he needs to learn to face facts. 

common sense (n) U convinced (adj) crawl (v) cruel (adj) cull (n) C curtsey (v) deliberate (adj) dig (v) dingo (n) C disabled (adj) disappointedly (adv) eagle (n) C earl (n) C eccentric (adj) estate (n) C face facts

\"kmn sens\ \kn"vInst\ \krOl\ \"krul\ \kl\ \"ktsi\ \dI"lIbrt\ \dIg\ \"dIngU\ \dIs"eIbld\ \dIs"pOIntIdli\ \"igl\ \l\ \Ik"sentrIk\ \I"steIt\ \feIs "fkts\

vernnftig sein berzeugt kriechen grausam Erlegen berschssiger Tierbestnde einen (Hof)knicks machen absichtlich graben Dingo behindert enttuscht Adler Graf exzentrisch Gut; Anwesen den Tatsachen ins Auge sehen

Unit 2
fellow (adj) fence (n) C flock of foreseeable (adj) fox (n) C gap (n) C gel together get rid of guinea pig (n) C habitat (n) C hazard (n) C hit it off horrific (adj) \"felU\ \fens\ \"f lk v\ \fO"sibl\ \fks\ \gp\ \dZel t"geD\ \get "rId v\ \"gIni pIg\ \"hbItt\ \"hzd\ \hIt It "f\ \h"rIfIk\ Artgenossen Zaun Schwarm vorhersehbar Fuchs Lcke

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


They are actually very caring of their fellow dolphins. You can keep foxes out by putting up fox-proof fences. When he began university, he took with him a flock of several dozen kiwis. I will not buy any more copies of your newspaper in the foreseeable future. Residents claim foxes are a pest and a health hazard. Guide dogs need to be able to decide, for example, if a gap in the crowd is too narrow. eine feste Verbindung eingehen loswerden; sich befreien von We are not suggesting that we get rid of foxes all together. Meerschweinchen Lebensraum Gefahr sich gut verstehen entsetzlich A hungry fox will eat pet rabbits and guinea pigs. It is common sense to observe wild animals at a distance and we should respect their privacy and natural habitat. They claim they are a pest and a health hazard, as well as being a potential danger to pets and children. Some dogs and owners hit it off straight away others take longer. At first, they just looked like they were having fun, he said, but then I realized that the dolphins were battering the porpoise to death. It was horrific.  I always feel that a dog and owner really gel together after two years.

hound (n) C hutch (n) C inaccurate (adj) incident (n) C indulge (v) ironically (adv) irritation (n) U ivory (n) U

\haUnd\ \htS\ \In"kjUrt\ \"InsIdnt\ \In"dldZ\ \aI"rnIkli\ \irI"teISn\ \"aIvri\

Hund Verschlag; Stall ungenau Zwischenfall verwhnen ironischerweise rgernis Elfenbein

A hound is another name for a dog. A hungry fox will break into hutches and eat pet rabbits. Wayne Preston claims that the article is not only insensitive but inaccurate. The incident comes only months after a similar attack on a French tourist in the same area. Egerton did not totally indulge his dogs, however. I used to be a postwoman ironically as some dogs really hate postmen! On top of that, there are minor irritations, like the problems with rubbish bins, for example. Animal rights movements campaign against buying products made of ivory or bone.

Unit 2
kitten (n) C kiwi (n) C lead (n) C leather (n) U local authorities (n pl) loyal (adj) mayor (n) C menace (v) / (n) messy (adj) mildly (adv) misbehaviour (n) napkin (n) C nose butt (n) C nuisance (n) C obstacle (n) C opossum (n) C ordeal (n) C overcome (v) overhanging (adj) pest (n) C petition (n) C plague (v) pointless (adj) potential (adj) \"kItn\ \"kiwi\ \lid\ \"leD\ \lUkl O"TrtIz\ \"lOIl\ \me\ \"mens\ \"mesi\ \"maIldli\ \mIsbI"heIvj\ \"npkIn\ \"nUz bt\ \"njusns\ \"bstkl\ \"psm\ \O"dil\ \Uv"km\ \Uv"hNIN\ \pest\ \p"tISn\ \pleIg\ \"pOIntls\ \p"tenSl\ Ktzchen Kiwi Leine Leder Stadtverwaltung true Brgermeister(in) bedrohen Bedrohung dreckig; unschn gelinde; milde schlechtes Benehmen (Hals)tuch Sto mit der Nase rgernis Hindernis

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Kittens are young cats. When he began university, he took with him a flock of several dozen kiwis. The pups need to get used to walking on a lead. Egertons dogs wore handmade leather shoes. Local authorities have had to close two beaches. Dolphins can be sociable, loyal and gentle. Protestors presented a petition to the mayor. Parts of Africa are menaced by drought at some times of the year. Urban foxes are not only a nuisance theyre a real menace! Foxes are forever turning over the bins to look for food, which is both messy and extremely unhygienic. To put it mildly, Francis Henry Egerton, eighth Earl of Bridgewater, liked dogs. A jury found the animal guilty of misbehaviour! A servant would tie a napkin around each dogs neck! Dolphins give each other gentle nose butts when they play together. Urban foxes are not only a nuisance theyre a menace! He could drive his gig at high speed at an obstacle like a rabbit hole only to see if it would turn over. Opossum (Beutelratte) Qual; Tortur berwinden berhngend Schdling Gesuch; Bittschrift plagen sinnlos mglich Lionel Walter used to go to the seaside with his pet opossum and tame dingo. A girl of thirteen was in hospital last night after surviving a terrifying ordeal. Dolphins can help disabled children overcome their fears and handicaps. Guide dogs need to be able to decide, for example, if an overhanging branch is too low for their owners head. Residents claim foxes are a pest and a health hazard. Angry residents presented a petition to the mayor. They were plagued by doubts. Tom thinks that killing foxes is not only cruel, its pointless. They claim they are a pest and a health hazard, as well as being a potential danger to pets and children. 

Unit 2
privacy (n) U punishment (n) C pup (n) C puppy (n) C red setter (n) C reincarnation (n) U reputation (n) C rewarding (adj) rip (v) rope (n) C row (n) C scream (n) C / (v) \"prIvsi\ \"pnISmnt\ \pp\ \"ppi\ \red "set\ \riInkA"neISn\ \repjU"teISn\ \rI"wOdIN\ \rIp\ \rUp\ \rU\ \skrim\ Privatleben Strafe Welpe; junger Hund junger Hund

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


They get into trouble for invading peoples privacy all the time. Cooke warned the dog of the punishment he had in mind after the dog kept running away. A neighbour of mine used to take in pups for the Guide Dog Association. Puppy walking involves doing basic training with the pups. Adolphus Cooke owned a large red setter named Gusty, who used to run away and mix with common dogs. Wiedergeburt Ruf lohnend; dankbar (auf)reien Seil Reihe Schrei schreien He was a firm believer in reincarnation who believed his late father had returned as a turkey! The UK has a reputation for being a nation of dog lovers. What are the most rewarding parts of your job as a guide dog trainer? Cats will rip open rubbish bags more often than foxes. To warn the dog of the punishment, Cooke showed him a rope and a tree. There were rows and rows of shoes in Egertons bedroom all in the correct order. Holidaymakers looked on in horror when they heard screams coming from the waves. The child screamed as her mother took her to have her bath. Sunbathers thought the girl was being attacked by a shark. I was shocked and sickened to read your article Cold-blooded killers. When they are faced with food shortages, dolphins can become very aggressive. Wayne Preston was shocked and sickened to read the article Cold-blooded killers. The dogs sat on a silk cushion inside the carriage. Its cruel to transport live animals thousands of miles before slaughtering them. Im always amazed how quickly and smoothly guide dogs get around. Every night Egertons shoes were solemnly placed beside those he had worn the previous day. Cooke was convinced that the dog was a reincarnation and his life was spared. 

roter Setter; Irischsetter

shark (n) C shocked (adj) shortage (n) C sickened (adj) silk (n) U slaughter (v) smoothly (adv) solemnly (adv) spare (v)

\SAk\ \Skt\ \"SOtIdZ\ \"sIknd\ \sIlk\ \"slOt\ \"smuDli\ \"slmli\ \spe\

Hai geschockt Knappheit angewidert Seide schlachten leicht; ruhig feierlich verschonen

Unit 2
spot (v) stick (n) C sunbather (n) C tackle (v) terrifying (adj) the bubble burst tortoise (n) C \spt\ \stIk\ \"snbeID\ \"tkl\ \"terfaIIN\ \D bbl "bst\ \"tOts\ entdecken; sehen Stock

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The victim was playing with friends when they spotted the dolphin a short distance from them. He persuaded the tortoises to advance by hanging a lettuce from a stick in front of their noses. jmd, der in der Sonne liegt / Sunbathers thought the girl was being attacked by a shark. badet angehen; fertig werden mit entsetzlich; furchterregend die Seifenblase zerplatzte Schildkrte We need to discuss what can be done to tackle the growing problem of urban foxes. A girl of thirteen suffered a terrifying ordeal when she was attacked by a dolphin. Finally the bubble burst and from then on we got on fine. He used to like riding on giant tortoises which he persuaded to advance by hanging a lettuce from a stick which he held in front of the tortoises nose.

tourist operator (n) C trial (n) C turkey (n) C unhygienic (adj) vaccine (n) C viciously (adv) wave (n) C

\"tUrIst preIt\ \"traIl\ \"tki\ \nhaI"dZinIk\ \"vksin\ \"vISsli\ \weIv\

Reiseagentur Prozess Truthahn unhygienisch Impfstoff bsartig Welle

The problem is the tourist operators who offer the chance to swim with wild dolphins. When Gusty ran away again, Cooke arranged for the dogs trial to take place! He was convinced that his late father Robert had returned as a turkey on the family estate at Cookesborough. Foxes cause a mess by turning over rubbish bins, which is very unhygienic. New drugs and vaccines are often tested on live animals. The dolphin turned on the girl viciously, biting her on the arm. Holidaymakers looked on in horror when they heard screams coming from the waves. 

Unit 3
Compound adjectives
clean-shaven easy-going middle-aged second-hand short-lived well-off worn-out \klin"SeIvn\ \izi"gUIN\ \mIdl"eIdZd\ \seknd"hnd\ \SOt"lIvd\ \wel"f\ \wOn"aUt\ glatt rasiert gelassen mittleren Alters aus zweiter Hand kurzlebig gut situiert abgetragen

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

I hate beards and moustaches: clean-shaven men look much better. Clothes dont matter to me. Im very easy-going about what I wear. I think middle-aged people who wear youth fashions look silly. Some people dont like wearing second-hand clothes. Most fashions are so short-lived I cant be bothered to follow them. Id love to be well-off so I could spend what I like on clothes. I dont mind clothes that are a bit worn-out if I feel comfortable in them.

Expression with look


by the look of it feminine-looking have a look look your best look through looks (n pl) the (sth) look \baI D "lUk v It\ \"femnInlUkIN\ \hv "lUk\ \lUk j "best\ \lUk "Tru\ \lUks\ \D "lUk\ so wie es aussieht feminin aussehend anschauen; ansehen besonders gut aussehen durchsehen Blicke Image; Aussehen By the look of it, it could have been about ten years ago. Men tend to prefer women who wear feminine-looking clothes. I was having a look in the window of Next the other day. You could try to look your best for once. Itll only take a minute to look through. I dont like the looks people give us when were in a posh restaurant. You want me to go for the Desperate Housewives look? 

Slang
airhead (n) C beat (adj) blow (v) a drag (n s) dumb (adj) grand (n) C nuts (adj) psyched up (adj) \"ehed\ \bit\ \blU\ \ "drg\ \dm\ \grnd\ \nts\ \saIkt "p\ Hohlkopf fertig; erschpt verpulvern Mist dumm Riese (tausend) verrckt aufgedreht Some people treated me like an airhead cos I was a model. I was feeling beat because wed been working non-stop for weeks. The moneys good but I used to blow it all. The biggest drag is you have to be so passive. A lot of people think if youre a model, you have to be real dumb. You can make two or three grand in one week as a model. I said Hey, Im not gonna do that and he went nuts. I dont have the right kind of mentality you have to be psyched up for catwalk jobs.

Unit 3
Other words & phrases
abnormal (adj) accessory (n) C aftershave (n) U anorexia (n) U beard (n) C big mouth (n) C blame (v) blemish (n) C bothered (adj) brand (n) C brandy (n) C / U bully (n) C catwalk (n) C chuck (v) commune (n) C \b"nOml\ \k"sesri\ \"AftSeIv\ \n"reksI\ \bId\ \"bIg maUT\ \bleIm\ \"blemIS\ \"bDd\ \brnd\ \"brndi\ \"bUli\ \"ktwOk\ \tSk\ \"kmjun\ anormal Zubehrteil Rasierwasser

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Winona Ryder, another celebrity sufferer, blames her dysmorphia on the abnormal pressures of life she had to suffer as a teenage movie star. Nike succeeded in transforming the sports shoe into an essential fashion accessory. Find out how often your classmates have bought aftershave or perfume. Some of them suffer from medical conditions such as anorexia. Do you like men with beards and moustaches? This photographer, a real big mouth, he wanted me to bite a necklace, a pearl necklace. Winona Ryder, another celebrity sufferer, blames her dysmorphia on the abnormal pressures of life she had to suffer as a teenage movie star. Youre more likely to notice a blemish on perfect skin. I dont think your parents are terribly bothered what I look like. Nike is a very famous brand of sports clothing. I once did an advertisement for brandy. People who suffer from the syndrome may want to show the school bully how far theyve come. You have to be mentally prepared to do the catwalk work. The next time I see that fleece, Im going to chuck it in the bin. Some people lived in easy-going communes, others followed Eastern religions and many turned to drugs, which claimed the lives of musical heroes like Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin. 

Anorexie; Magersucht Bart Gromaul die Schuld geben Makel; Schnheitsfehler sich an etwas stren Marke Weinbrand Tyrann Laufsteg schmeien Kommune

compensate (v)

\"kmpnseIt\

kompensieren

People suffering from the syndrome become obsessed with these imaginary physical defects and will do anything to hide them or compensate for them.

complexion (n) C compulsive (adj) conquer (v) corporate (adj)

\km"plekSn\ \km"plsIv\ \"kNk\ \"kOprt\

Teint; Hautfarbe zwanghaft besiegen durch Grounternehmen regiert

He has a tanned, healthy complexion. In men, it can take the special form of muscle dysmorphia a syndrome driving more and more men to compulsive exercising. It can be very difficult to conquer an eating disorder. Disillusioned with corporate America, many young Americans in the late 1960s adopted an alternative lifestyle and came to be known as hippies.

Unit 3
counterpart (n) C crave (v) cynical (adj) dare (v) deep-rooted (adj) defect (n) C denim (n) U disapproval (n) U disillusioned (adj) dye (v) dysmorphia (n) U estranged (adj) ethnic (adj) fit in (v) flared (adj) fleece (n) / (adj) formerly (adv) frustrated (adj) Goth (n) C grease (n) U heritage (n) U incomprehensible (adj) \"kaUntpAt\ \kreIv\ \"sInIkl\ \de\ \dip"rutId\ \"difekt\ \"denIm\ \dIs"pruvl\ \dIsI"luZnd\ \daI\ \dIs"mOfI\ \I"streIndZd\ \"eTnIk\ \fIt "In\ \f led\ \f lis\ \"fOmli\ \fr"streItId\ \gT\ \gris\ \"herItIdZ\ \InkmprI-"hensbl\ Pendant; Gegenber sich sehnen nach zynisch wagen tief verwurzelt Fehler Baumwolldrillich Missbilligung desillusioniert frben Dysmorphie entfremdet ethnisch ins Bild passen ausgestellt Fleece ehemals frustriert Gote; Grufti (Schmier)fett Kulturerbe unverstndlich

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Young people in Britain soon copied the hippie style of their American counterparts. People who crave fame and attention often have hidden agendas. Johnny Rotten was the sneering, cynical leader of the Sex Pistols. Dont you dare throw my fleece in the bin! Eating disorders are caused by deep-rooted insecurities. Sufferers become obsessed with imagined physical defects. Hippies wore flared denim jeans and loose tops. Inspired by the newspaper stories and by the disapproval of their parents, young people across the country adopted the new fashion very quickly. Disillusioned with corporate America, many young Americans in the late 1960s adopted an alternative lifestyle and came to be known as hippies. She has dyed her hair black and purple. Muscle dysmorphia is a syndrome that drives men to compulsive exercising. They want to show the school bully how far theyve come, they want to make their estranged father proud of them. Ethnic, Indian-inspired jewellery and clothes were in, with flared denim jeans and loose tops with flowery or psychedelic patterns. Uma Thurman felt insecure about her looks at school and that she didnt fit in. Hippies wore flared denim jeans and loose tops. I wish you wouldnt wear that dirty old fleece in posh restaurants! Fleece jackets are very popular in Britain in the winter. Geri Halliwell was formerly known as Ginger Spice. In fact, the worst were the photographers, frustrated artists who dont want to be doing advertisements, they can be a real drag. Goths first came on the scene in the early 1980s as punk fashions became more and more uniform. Teds used hair grease to make their hair stand in a quiff. The article The Lost Tribes of London celebrates the rich heritage of Britains youth culture. The pressure on celebrities can be incomprehensible to ordinary people. 

Unit 3
insecure (adj) inspire (v) involvement (n) U keep your cool linen (n) U lipstick (n) C loose (adj) manifestation (n) C \insI"kjU\ \In"spaI\ \In"vlvmnt\ \kip j "kul\ \"lInIn\ \"lIpstIk\ \lus\ \mnIfe"steISn\ unsicher

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


She has felt insecure about her looks since her school days. Inspired by the newspaper stories and by the disapproval of their parents, young people across the country adopted the new fashion very quickly. Beteiligung; Verwicklung cool bleiben LeinenLippenstift locker Zeichen; Erscheinungsform Hippies were disillusioned with their countrys involvement in the Vietnam War. The photographer went nuts so you have to keep your cool as a model. Those black linen jackets would go well with my white jacket. Goths wear heavy black make-up and black lipstick. Hippies wore flared denim jeans and loose tops. Teddy boys and girls (teds) began appearing on the streets of Britain in the early 1950s and they were one of the first manifestations of youth culture. inspirieren; begeistern

never-ending (adv) pearl (n) C / U

\nev"endIN\ \pl\

unendlich Perle

The second half of the twentieth century saw a never-ending stream of fashions. Pearls are found in oysters and have become popular in fashion. This photographer, a real big mouth, he wanted me to bite a necklace, a pearl necklace. 

phase (n) C photo shoot (n) C photogenic (adj) piercing (n) C

\feIz\ \"fUtU Sut\ \fUtU"dZenIk\ \"pIsIN\

Phase Fotoaufnahme fotogen Piercing

Punks were just one phase of a series of youth tribes. I started with some photo shoots and then did a few catwalk jobs. One day he said, Youre really photogenic. You could be a model. Despite the postcards in the souvenir shops of extravagantly hairstyled punks with their studded leather jackets and nose piercings, punk died as an expression of youth culture more than twenty years ago.

pimple (n) C ponytail (n) C portrayal (n) C posh (adj) provocative (adj) psychedelic (adj)

\"pImpl\ \"pUniteIl\ \pO"treIl\ \pS\ \pr"vktIv\ \saIk"delIk\

Pickel Pony Darstellung vornehm provokativ; provozierend psychedelisch

If youre on a set and you have a pimple, they have to switch the lighting. Teddy girls wore American-style ponytails. As a result of their portrayal in the press, it was often thought that Goths worshipped the devil. I dont like the looks people give us when were in a posh restaurant. They wore ripped or scruffy clothes, T-shirts with provocative slogans, and studs or safety pins as jewellery. Ethnic, Indian-inspired jewellery and clothes were in, with flared denim jeans and loose tops with flowery or psychedelic patterns.

Unit 3
puberty (n) U punk (n) C quiff (n) C range (v) rejection (n) C / U requirement (n) C riot (n) C rough (adj) safety pin (n) C scruffy (adj) skinny (adj) slogan (n) C sneer (v) spot (n) C spotlight (n) C / U stream (n) C stud (n) C studded (adj) stunning (adj) susceptible to (adj) \"pjubti\ \pNk\ \kwIf\ \reIndZ\ \rI"dZekSn\ \rI"kwaImnt\ \"raIt\ \rf\ \"seIfti pIn\ \"skrf i\ \"skIni\ \"slUgn\ \"snI\ \spt\ \"sptlaIt\ \strim\ \std\ \"stdId\ \"stnIN\ \s"septbl tu\ Pubertt Punk Tolle; Stirnlocke Angebotspalette Ablehnung

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Going through puberty on screen is extremely difficult. Punks wore studded leather jackets and had nose piercings. The Sex Pistols were a well-known punk band. Teddy boys wore their hair greased back with a prominent quiff at the front. A whole range of clothes will be developed that can integrate electronics with fabrics. They showed their rejection of Western material values by turning to the East. Anforderung; Voraussetzung The first requirement for being a model is to have a beautiful or interesting face. Unruhe; Aufruhr hart; unangenehm Sicherheitsnadel ungepflegt dnn; mager Slogan hhnisch grinsen Fleck; Pickel Spot (Scheinwerfer); Rampenlicht Flut Knopf besetzt; beschlagen umwerfend anfllig fr Teds took part in the violent London riots of 1958. You can have a rough time if you dont do exactly what they want. Punks wore safety pins as jewellery. They also wore ripped or scruffy clothes. Movies which star skinny, young blondes give the wrong message to young people. Punks wore T-shirts with provocative slogans. Johnny Rotten was the sneering, cynical leader of the Sex Pistols. Her hair was dirty and she had a spot on her chin. Spotlights are used to add more illumination, often on theatre stages. Its often insecurities that drive celebrities into the spotlight. The second half of the twentieth century saw a never-ending stream of fashions. Punks wore studs or safety pins as jewellery. Punks wore studded leather jackets and had nose piercings. Stunning actress Uma Thurman surprised her fans by confessing she thought she was fat and ugly. Often the insecurities that leave celebrities susceptible to Imagined Ugly Syndrome are the same ones that drive them into the spotlight, explains Glenn. 

swear (v)

\swe\

fluchen; schimpfen

The Sex Pistols shocked the country with their appearance and their swearing.

Unit 3
syndrome (n) C \"sIndrUm\ Syndrom

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


This syndrome causes people normally thought of as being extremely attractive to look in the mirror and see faults in their faces and figures that no one else can see.

tabloid (n) C tanned (adj) tight (adj) treat (v) tribe (n) C velvet (n) U waistcoat (n) C wide-collared (adj) worship (v) / (n) U

\"tblOId\ \tnd\ \taIt\ \trit\ \traIb\ \"velvIt\ \"weIstkUt\ \waId"kld\ \"wSIp\

Boulevardzeitung sonnengebrunt eng behandeln Stamm Samt Weste mit breitem Kragen anbeten; Andacht(sort)

Everyone from tabloid journalists to make-up artists comments on every aspect of your face and body. A tanned, healthy complexion is very attractive. She was wearing a tight, black T-shirt with the word Lost in blood-red letters. Some people treated me like an airhead cos I was a model. Punks were just one phase of a series of youth tribes, each distinguished by different clothes, hairstyles and tastes in music. Teds wore knee-length velvet jackets. They also wore flowery waistcoats. They wore the flowery waistcoats with wide-collared shirts. It was often thought that Goths worshipped the devil. Synagogues are a place of worship for Jewish people. 

Unit 4
Word building
anxiety (n) C anxious (adj) caution (n) U cautious (adj) fear (n) C fearful (adj) fearless (adj) harm (n) U harmful (adj) harmless (adj) reason (n) C reasonable (adj) risk (n) C risky (adj) unreasonable (adj) \N"zaIti\ \"NkSs\ \"kOSn\ \"kOSs\ \fI\ \"fIf l\ \"fIls\ \hAm\ \"hAmf l\ \"hAmls\ \"rizn\ \"riznbl\ \rIsk\ \"rIski\ \n"riznbl\ Sorgen besorgt; ngstlich Vorsicht vorsichtig Angst ngstlich

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Try not to show your anxiety in front of your children. Children of phobics are more likely to be fearful and anxious. Caution is careful thought in order to try and avoid risks or danger. Parents need to be careful not to be too cautious. Claustrophobia is the fear of enclosed spaces. The capacity to be anxious or fearful depends on a chemical balance in the brain. Someone who is fearless is not afraid of anyone or anything. Harm is injury or damage caused to someone or something. The only thing I do that is harmful to my health is smoke. I know frogs are basically harmless but I dont like touching them. The main reason shes invited me is that shes got to take her final test when I go out. Someone or something that is reasonable is sensible. A phobia is far out of proportion to the risk a situation involves. Something that is risky is slightly dangerous. A phobia is an intense, unreasonable fear of a thing or situation.

furchtlos; ohne Angst Verletzung; Schaden schdlich harmlos Grund vernnftig Risiko riskant unvernnftig; bertrieben

Word class
abolish (v) abolition (n) U brave (adj) bravery (n) U courage (n) U courageous (adj) disobedience (n) U disobey (v) equal (adj) equality (n) U \"blIS\ \b"lISn\ \breIv\ \"breIvri\ \"krIdZ\ \k"reIdZs\ \dIs"bidins\ \dIs"bI\ \"ikwl\ \I"kwlti\ abschaffen Abschaffung tapfer Tapferkeit Mut; Courage mutig Ungehorsam nicht gehorchen gleich Gleichheit Slavery was officially abolished in the USA in 1865. One of Martin Luther Kings aims was the abolition of poverty. Rosa Parkss brave decision marked the beginning of the American Civil Rights Movement. Bravery is brave behaviour. Black people had the moral courage to stand up for their rights. Someone who is courageous is brave. It is through disobedience that progress has been made. Blacks had been arrested for disobeying drivers in the past. The Civil Rights Bill granted equal rights to all American citizens. The Civil Rights Movement fought for liberty and equality.

Unit 4
free (adj) freedom (n) C liberate (v) liberty (n) C slave (n) C slavery (n) U \fri\ \"fridm\ \"lIbreIt\ \"lIbti\ \sleIv\ \"sleIvri\ frei Freiheit befreien Freiheit Sklave(in) Sklaverei

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Better to starve free than be a fat slave. You cant separate peace from freedom. If you liberate someone, you set them free. The Civil Rights Movement fought for liberty and equality. Better to starve free than be a fat slave is a quote by Aesop. Slavery was officially abolished in the USA in 1865.

Homophones
bare (adj) bear (n) C coarse (adj) course (n) C ensure (v) hole (n) C insure (v) plain (adj) plane (n) C pray (v) prey (n) C principal (adj) principle (n) C tail (n) C tale (n) C whole (adj) \be\ \be\ \kOs\ \kOs\ \In"SO\ \hUl\ \In"SO\ \pleIn\ \pleIn\ \preI\ \preI\ \"prInspl\ \"prInspl\ \teIl\ \teIl\ \hUl\ blo Br derb; ungehobelt Gang sicherstellen Loch versichern einfach Flugzeug beten Beute hauptschlich Prinzip Schwanz Erzhlung ganz He picks the snake up with his bare hands and throws it in the sack. Goldilocks is a story about a little girl who goes into a house belonging to a bear family. Coarse language is rude or offensive language. We had a three-course meal at a nice restaurant. We need to ensure that we give people the right antidote. The rain came through a hole in the roof. The rain came through a hole in the roof and we had forgotten to insure against water damage. You can have fried rattlesnake, rattlesnake kebabs or just plain baked rattlesnake. Some passengers began to pray as the plane took off. Some passengers began to pray as the plane took off. Rattlesnakes generally swallow their prey whole. The films use of coarse language was my principal reason for not liking it. Dont move and hell stay still too. In principle, anyway! The rattle on the end of the tail is a warning signal. Goldilocks is a childrens tale about a little girl who goes into a house belonging to a bear family. Im getting tired of the whole thing. 

Other words & phrases


acronym (n) C \"krnIm\ Akronym People who suffer from a fear of long words use abbreviations and acronyms.

Unit 4
acupuncture (n) U AGM (n) C agony (n) U antidote (n) C antivenin (n) C arena (n) C \"kjUpNktS\ \eI dZi "em\ \"gni\ \"ntIdUt\ \ntI"vnIn\ \"rin\ Akupunktur Jahresversammlung Schmerzen; Qualen Gegenmittel Gegengift Arena

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Acupuncture can help people suffering from phobias. Ive just heard that Ive got to give a presentation at the AGM. We did two hours of sword training earlier this morning and my shoulders are in agony! We need to ensure that we give people the right antidote. We use the rattlers venom to manufacture the antivenin. You learn about sword fighting and dress up in Roman costume, eat Roman food and stuff and apparently you get to fight in a proper ancient Roman arena at the end of it a kind of mini coliseum.

assertive (adj) award (v) back (v) bake (v) balance (n) C boost (v) bossy (adj) boycott (n) C break down (v) bust (v) buzz (n) C conditioned (adj) confront (v) cookout (n) C culminate (v)

\"stIv\ \"wOd\ \bk\ \beIk\ \"blns\ \bust\ \"bsi\ \"bOIkt\ \brIk "daUn\ \bst\ \bz\ \kn"dISnd\ \kn"frnt\ \"kUkaUt\ \"klmInIt\

sich beahuptend; selbstbewusst auszeichnen untersttzen backen Gleichgewicht steigern kommandiert gerne herum Boykott eine Panne haben bekmpfen; abbauen Hoch; Hhepunkt konditioniert; angewhnt konfrontieren Kochen am Lagerfeuer gipfeln; kulminieren

An assertive person is confident without being aggressive. In 1964 Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. A huge number of people decided to back the bus boycott. You can have fried rattlesnake, rattlesnake kebabs or just plain baked rattlesnake. The capacity to be anxious or fearful depends on a chemical balance in the brain. A gladiator course is supposed to be the latest thing in confidence boosting. A bossy person tries to take control of a situation and can be very irritating. Her arrest sparked a mass boycott on the city buses. Some people never take a lift in case it breaks down. Yeah, well its supposed to be the latest thing in stress busting and confidence boosting. She got a real adrenaline buzz the first time she fought in front of an audience. A phobia is a conditioned reflex. But I think thats the whole point, you know, confront your fears and all that. This is agricultural land, cotton and cattle, rodeos and cookouts. Ten years of civil rights protests culminated in the signing of the Civil Rights Bill. 

Unit 4
daunting (adj) deep-fried (adj) defy (v) distress (n) domineering (adj) drop in (v) enclosed (adj) establish (v) fairy tale (n) C fang (n) C fine (v) folks (n pl) frail (adj) genetic (adj) gladiator (n) C gradual (adj) grant (v) herpetologist (n) C homeless (n) pl hypnosis (n) U in a hurry interstate (adj) medium-rare (adj) \"dOntIN\ \dip "fraId\ \dI"faI\ \dI"stres\ \dmI"nIrIN\ \drp "In\ \in"klUzd\ \I"stblIS\ \"feri teIl\ \fN\ \faIn\ \fUks\ \freIl\ \dZ"netIk\ \"gldieIt\ \"grdZul\ \grant\ \hp"tldZIst\ \"hUmls\ \hIp"nUsIs\ \in "hri\ \"IntsteIt\ \midim"re\ entmutigend fritiert sich widersetzen Kummer dominierend vorbeischauen abgeschlossen bilden; aufbauen Mrchen Giftzahn zu einer Geldstrafe verurteilen Leute zerbrechlich genetisch (bedingt) Gladiator allmhlich gewhren Reptilienkunde Obdachlose(r) Hypnose in Eile

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The thought of giving a presentation in front of everyone is pretty daunting. There were food stalls serving deep-fried rattlesnake meat. Rosa Parks was the first person to defy the segregation laws on the buses. That caused her too much distress. She was always rather domineering. What would you do if a friend dropped in to say Hello but stayed too long? Claustrophobia is the fear of enclosed spaces. Phobia sufferers must try to establish positive associations. Goldilocks is a sort of fairy tale. The drop of yellow on the fang is the venom. Anyone breaking the law could be arrested and fined. Folks can watch the snake handling shows throughout the day. A frail old lady stepped ahead of them and claimed that she was in a hurry. It is difficult to say whether a phobia is learnt behaviour or genetic. Yeah, I suppose once youve faced a real live gladiator in the ring theres not much that can frighten you. Reverse conditioning is based on gradual exposure to the object that is feared. The Civil Rights Bill granted equal rights to all American citizens. first rattler. The proceeds all go to good causes such as the Red Cross and the homeless. Hypnosis is sometimes used to help people stop smoking. A frail old lady stepped ahead of them and claimed that she was in a hurry. Bundes-; zwischenstaatlich rosa; englisch Segregation on interstate railways was abolished in 1952. He ordered a medium-rare steak but it was served to him well done. Herpetologe(in); Experte fr First I spoke to herpetologist, Chick Ferragamo, who introduced me to my 

Unit 4
needle (n) C openness (n) U overemphasize (v) oversleep (v) overturn (v) pass down (v) phobia (n) C privilege (n) C proceeds (n pl) prone to rancher (n) C rattle (n) C rattler (n) C rattlesnake (n) C rave about (sth) (v) reflex (n) C regain (v) regardless (adv) reserved (adj) reverend (n) C \"nidl\ \Upnns\ \Uvr"emfsaIz\ \"Uv"slip\ \Uv"tn\ \pAs "daUn\ \"fUbI\ \"prIvlIdZ\ \"prUsidz\ \"prUn tu\ \"rAntS\ \"rtl\ \"rtl\ \"rtlsneIk\ \"reIv baUt\ \"rifleks\ \rI"geIn\ \rI"gAdls\ \rI"zvd\ \"revrnd\ Nadel Offenheit berbetonen verschlafen umstrzen weitergeben Phobie Privileg Erls; Einnahmen neigen zu

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Some people with phobias have a fear of needles. Emotional openness is increasingly seen as natural and healthy. Parents should not overemphasize danger to their children. She sets an alarm clock in case she forgets and oversleeps. Segregation laws in the southern states were finally overturned in 1964. It is possible that the chemical imbalance in the brain is passed down from parent to child. A phobia is a conditioned reflex. Equality rights for all, special privileges for none. The proceeds all go to good causes. Children of anxious parents may be prone to developing phobias as they get older. Rancher; Viehzchter Klapper Klapperschlange Klapperschlange schwrmen von Reflex zurckbekommen auf reserviert Pfarrer A group of farmers and ranchers wanted to do something about the number of rattlers. The rattle on the end of the tail is a warning signal. You can have fried rattlesnake, barbecued rattler or just plain baked rattlesnake. You can have fried rattlesnake or just plain baked rattlesnake. Romes beautiful, it really is. Yes, so Ive heard, Suzie raves about it. A phobia is a conditioned reflex, so the best treatment is to reverse the conditioning. Portugal regains independence. all American citizens regardless of the colour of their skin. If you are reserved you are quiet and introspective. Reverend Martin Luther King, stood up in a meeting in Montgomery and called for the black community to back Rosa Parks and fight for equal rights on the buses. ungeachtet; ohne Rcksicht President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Bill which granted equal rights to 

reverse (v) rodeo (n) C rope (sb) into (sth) roundup (n) C

\rI"vs\ \"rUdiU\ \rUp "Int\ \"raUndp\

umkehren; herumdrehen Rodeo hineinziehen Versammlung

The best treatment for a phobia is to reverse the conditioning. This is agricultural land, cotton and cattle, rodeos and cookouts. I cant believe shes roped you into it too, Suzi. Campaigners are trying to get rattlesnake roundups banned.

Unit 4
rule (v) sacking (n) C scout (n) C segregation (n) U self-assured (adj) short-changed (adj) spark (v) stand up for starve (v) stiff (adj) strike (sb) as sword (n) C toga (n) C treat (sb) (v) trigger (n) C tunic (n) C venom (n) C venue (n) C weigh-in (n) C well-done (adj) \rul\ \"skIN\ \skaUt\ \segr"geISn\ \self"SOd\ \SOt"tSeIndZd\ \spAk\ \stnd "p fO\ \stAv\ \stIf\ \"straIk z\ \sOd\ \"tUg\ \trit\ \"trIg\ \"tjunIk\ \"venm\ \"venju\ \"weIIn\ \wel"dn\ entscheiden; urteilen Einsacken Pfadfinder Rassentrennung selbstbewusst

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Earlier this year, a judge ruled that the doctor was guilty of clinical negligence. During the Rattlesnake Sacking Championship, people must pick up the snake with their bare hands and throw it in a sack. The proceeds all go to good causes such as the boy and girl scouts and the Red Cross. The Supreme Court ruling in 1956 abolished segregation. If you are self-assured you are confident your opinions are valid. After leaving the store, they discovered they had been short-changed by 3. Her arrest sparked a mass boycott on the city buses. It took a great deal of courage for black citizens to stand up for what they believed in. verhungern steif vorkommen als Schwert Toga einladen Abzug Uniformrock Gift Austragungsort Wiegen gut durch; durchgebraten Better to starve free than be a fat slave. It is often said that the British have a stiff upper lip. She never struck me as being shy. I thought she was Miss Confident. During the two-day intensive course you learn about sword fighting. Id love to see the two of you dressed up in your togas. There are food stalls serving rattlesnake meat come on, Ill treat you. The snakes tail (the rattle end) is coiled up in the air, and the rattle is extremely close to the trigger of the rifle. And we have picked up our tunics and swords. The drop of yellow on the fang is the venom. The Nolan County Coliseum is the main venue for the event. Now, if youre ready, lets go to the weigh-in. He ordered a medium-rare steak but it was served to him well-done. 

zu wenig Wechselgeld bekommen auslsen fr etwas eintreten

Unit 5
Art
abstract (adj) collection (n) C conceptual (adj) dealer (n) C exhibition (n) C figurative (adj) landscape (n) C mural (n) C patron (n) C portrait (n) C sculpture (n) C self-portrait (n) C still life (n) C \"bstrkt\ \k"lekSn\ \kn"septSul\ \"dil\ \eksI"bISn\ \"fIgrtIv\ \"lndskeIp\ \"mjUrl\ \"peItrn\ \"pOtrIt\ \"sklptS\ \self"pOtrIt\ \stIl laIf\ abstrakt Sammlung konzeptionell Hndler Ausstellung figrlich; bildlich Landschaft Wandbild Mzen Portrait Skulptur Selbstbildnis Stillleben

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Was she a figurative or an abstract painter? Which gallery or museum in your country has the biggest collection of fine art? Orlans work is conceptual rather than figurative. An art dealer is someone who buys and sells works of art. Do you ever go to art exhibitions? Orlans work is conceptual rather than figurative. Do you prefer landscapes, still lifes or portraits? Are there any large sculptures or murals in the streets and squares of your town? Vermeer had not been planning to paint Griet but he complied with his patrons request. In general, do you prefer landscapes, still lifes or portraits? Are there any large sculptures or murals in your town? Her self-portraits are her most recognizable paintings. In general, do you prefer landscapes, still lifes or portraits? 

-ever words
however whatever whenever wherever whoever \haU"ev\ \wt"ev\ \wen"ev\ \wer"ev\ \hu"ev\ wie auch immer was immer immer wenn wohin auch immer wer auch immer How shall we get there? Taxi? However you suggest. They can think whatever they like. Whenever we unveil a work of art, people always get together and talk about it. Wherever you go, you see large public arts projects. Who shall we invite with us? Whoever you like, youre paying.

Phrasal verbs
come up with live up to \km "p wID\ \lIv "p tu\ aufwarten mit erfllen In the mid 1990s Oprah came up with the idea of a book club. Not enough contemporary novels lived up to her expectations.

Unit 5
put (sb/sth) off set up take to turn (sb) away turn (sth) down turn out \pUt "f\ \set "p\ \"teIk tu\ \tn "weI\ \tn "daUn\ \tn "aUt\ abschrecken grnden

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Oprah told viewers that the 837 pages of Anna Karenina shouldnt put them off. Many women have now joined or set up their own book clubs. The public took to Oprah immediately and her career took off. The juvenile detention centre was full and Oprah was turned away. One novelist, Jonathan Franzen, turned down the chance to have his book feature on the show. werden No one thought her life would turn out a success. an jmd Gefallen finden abweisen ablehnen

Other words & phrases


ambiance (n) U best-seller (n) C billionaire (n) C boxed set (n) C brass (n) U bring up (v) broadcast (n) C campaigner (n) C candle (n) C catch up with (v) charm (n) C chin (n) C cloth (n) C clove (n) C \"mbins\ \best"sel\ \bIlj"ne\ \bkst "set\ \brAs\ \brIN "p\ \"brOdkAst\ \km"peIn\ \"kndl\ \ktS p "wID\ \tSAm\ \tSIn\ \klT\ \klUv\ Ambiente Bestseller Milliardr gesammelte Ausgabe in einer Kassette Messing erziehen Sendung Kmpfer(in); Aktivist(in) Kerze jmd einholen Reiz Kinn Tuch Nelke You know you need to give it the right ambiance but there was a stench of paint. Anna Karenina shot to number one in the New York Times best-sellers list. Oprah became the first-ever African-American woman billionaire. The Oprah Winfrey logo will ensure huge sales for even the most unlikely of titles, such as a boxed set of William Faulkners novels. The sculpture of a horse is made of imitation brass and has been painted green so that it looks old. Oprah Winfrey was brought up by her grandmother on a farm. A worldwide audience watched the live broadcast in fascination and horror. Oprah Winfrey is a tireless campaigner against child abuse. Van Ruijven cornered her in the hallway as she was passing along it with a lighted candle. I agree that this seems rather new, but in some ways, this country is simply catching up with other countries. Well, it has a certain organic charm, and it fits, I think it looks quite nice. He grabbed her chin in his hand. The end of the yellow cloth came loose and fell over her shoulder. I got out a needle and clove oil and pierced my other ear. I did not cry, or faint, or make a sound. 

Unit 5
colossal (adj) commission (n) C commit suicide comply (v) controversy (n) C conviction (n) C cover (n) C craze (n) C curator (n) C dangle (v) deafen (v) depression (n) U detention centre (n) C disbelief (n) U elitist (adj) exhibit (v) faint (v) falter (v) farce (n) C focal point (n) C forehead (n) C fuel (v) godsend (n) grab (v) greet (v) \k"lsl\ \k"mISn\ \kmIt "suIsaId\ \km"plaI\ \"kntrvrsi; kn"trvsi\ \kn"vIkSn\ \"kv\ \kreIz\ \kjU"reIt\ \"dNgl\ \"defn\ \dI"preSn\ \dI"tenSn sent\ \dIsbI"lif\ \I"litIst\ \Ig"zIbIt\ \feInt\ \"fOlt\ \fAs\ \"fUkl pOInt\ \"frId; "fOhed\ \"fjul\ \"gdsend\ \grb\ \grit\ Verurteilung Umschlag; Einband groe Mode kolossal Auftrag Selbstmord begehen befolgen; nachgeben Kontroverse

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Her influence on the world of books has been colossal. I got the commission because they wanted to smarten the place up, make it look nice, you know, give the right ambiance. Frida Kahlo suffered from depression and tried to commit suicide. What can she do but comply with her masters every desire? I spoke to an independent art consultant for her opinion on the controversy. He had a previous conviction for grievous bodily harm. The Oprah Winfrey Book Club logo on the front cover of a novel is enough to ensure huge sales. The craze has even inspired writers to use the idea of a book club for the plot of their novels. Kustos; Direktor der Galerie Where does the money for the art curators salary come from? hngen betuben Depression Jugendstrafanstalt Zweifel elitr ausstellen; darstellen in Ohnmacht fallen zgern Farce Blickpunkt Stirn schren; anheizen Glcksfall greifen; packen begren Only the end of the yellow cloth dangled free. At the end of each kiss an electronic siren deafened the gallery. Frida Kahlo suffered from depression and tried to commit suicide. The victim of abuse, Oprah ran away from her home and, at the age of 13, was sent to a juvenile detention centre. The unveiling of the sculpture was greeted with disbelief. Franzens comments came across as pretentious and elitist. We worked together to decide the best way to exhibit the work in the offices. She did not cry or faint or make a sound. But, my other ear is not pierced, she faltered. It is a farce to wear only one. Many environments could be improved with well-chosen works of art as a focal point. Parts of Orlans body were changed to resemble her favourite paintings, the forehead of the Mona Lisa for example. The appointment of the new curator has fuelled the debate. Oprahs book club was a godsend for the publishing world. He grabbed my chin in his hand, his other hand pulling the candle up to light my face. The unveiling of the sculpture was greeted with disbelief. 

Unit 5
hallway (n) C have an affair honour (v) influential (adj) jug (n) C juvenile (adj) lie on (v) life-size (adj) maid (n) C needle (n) C negotiate (v) network (n) C nominate (v) nosedive (v) operating theatre (n) C organic (adj) overly (adv) overpowering (adj) perfectionist (n) C prestigious (adj) provoke (v) put forward (v) \"hOlweI\ \hv n "fe\ \"n\ \Influ"enSl\ \dZg\ \"dZuvnaIl\ \"laI n\ \"laIfsaIz\ \meId\ \"nidl\ \nI"gUSieIt\ \"netwk\ \"nmIneIt\ \"nUzdaIv\ \"preItIN TIt\ \O"gnIk\ \"Uvli\ \Uv"paUrIN\ \p"fekSnIst\ \pre"stIdZs\ \pr"vUk\ \pUt "fOwd\ Gang; Diele; Flur eine Affre haben ehren einflussreich Krug Jugendliegen auf lebensgro Dienstmdchen Nadel aushandeln Sendernetz nominieren

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Van Ruijven cornered her in the hallway as she was passing along it. By the time they divorced both of them had had affairs with other people. She was honoured in the Hall of Fame of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was voted one of the most influential people of the twentieth century by Time Magazine. She was passing along the hallway with a lighted candle and a wine jug. At the age of thirteen she was sent to a juvenile detention centre. Orlan was lying on a surgical table in an operating theatre reading texts from French philosophers. She sat behind a life-size photograph of her body and sold kisses to the audience. Griet had been working as a maid at Vermeers house for a little over a year. She got out a needle and clove oil and pierced her other ear. You think you can negotiate a reduction of 25% in the price of the steel egg. Oprah is also the co-founder of a cable TV network. She was nominated for an Oscar for her role in Steven Spielbergs The Color Purple. einen Sturzflug machen Operationssaal organisch bermig penetrant; berwltigend Perfektionist(in) angesehen provozieren vorstellen Franzens comments came across as pretentious and his reputation nosedived. Orlan was lying on a surgical table in an operating theatre reading texts from French philosophers. Well, erm, the sculpture has a certain organic charm. It sounds a lot of money but I dont think its overly expensive for a work of this kind. The smell of paint was so strong it was overpowering. The artist was a perfectionist. She is a professor of fine arts at a prestigious college in Dijon. In the tradition of Marcel Duchamp, her work is designed to shock and provoke, not simply to be admired. As part of the show, Oprah put forward a book she had read and enjoyed. 

Unit 5
quote (n) C rate (n) C recover (v) regime (n) C release (v) resemble (sb) (v) retire (v) sabre (n) C satellite (n) C scandal (n) C set about (v) single (sth/sb) out (v) siren (n) C slight (adj) slip (v) slot (n) C smarten (sth) up (v) stain (n) C stardom (n) U steel (n) U stench (n) U \kwUt\ \reIt\ \rI"kv\ \reI"Zim\ \rI"lis\ \rI"zembl\ \rI"taI\ \"seIb\ \"stlaIt\ \"skndl\ \set "baUt\ \"sINgl aUt\ \"saIrn\ \slaIt\ \slIp\ \slt\ \smAtn\ \steIn\ \"stAdm\ \stil\ \stentS\ zitieren Zeit; Tempo

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Whatever your car, wherever you are, get instant online quotes and cover at Quantum Quotes. Do you believe that an artistic environment can help in quicker recovery rates for the patients? genesen; sich erholen Regime entlassen hneln in Pension gehen Sbel Satellit Skandal etwas angehen auswhlen; aussondern Sirene gering gleiten; rutschen Slot; Zeit(punkt) herausputzen Fleck Ruhm Stahl Gestank It was while Frida was recovering from the bus accident that she started painting. As part of the regime, Oprah had to learn five new words every day, and each week she had to read a book and write a report on it. Police thought Frida and her husband had been involved in Trotskys death but they were later released. It resembles him very strongly. Shes been running the press office single handed since the senior communications officer retired last year. Luke Skywalkers original light sabre from Star Wars. A worldwide satellite audience watched the live broadcast in fascination and horror. Her performance at an art fair in Paris caused a scandal. Vermeer had not been planning to paint Griet, but he complied with his patrons request and set about preparing a portrait of his maid. It informs them that they have been singled out to receive a very large sum of money. At the end of each kiss an electronic siren deafened the gallery. Do you believe that an artistic environment can make the slightest difference to patients recovery rates? He was looking at a book and did not notice as I slipped into my chair. Oprah came up with the idea of introducing a regular book slot on her show. The hotel management wanted to smarten the place up. The place was awful, with coffee stains all over the carpets. International stardom for Orlan came in the 1990s. The egg-shaped sculpture in steel is on display in the Santa Barbara Museum of Art. But the smell of paint was really such a stench that a couple of prints on the walls or a nice sculpture wasnt going to make a difference. 

Unit 5
sting (v) strict (adj) surgical (adj) suspend (v) \stIN\ \strIkt\ \"sdZIkl\ \s"spend\ stechen strikt; streng Operationsaufheben; einstellen

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The pearl he could not see was stinging like fire in her other ear. Her father, Vernon, was strict but, according to Oprah, he saved her life. A woman was lying on a surgical table in an operating theatre and was reading texts from French philosophers. For the publishing world, it was a godsend, but the writers were less impressed when Oprah suspended her book club in 2002, because, she said, not enough contemporary novels lived up to her expectations.

take over (v) talented (adj) tireless (adj) unveil (v) vending machine (n) C viewer (n) C worldwide (adj)

\teIk "Uv\ \"tlntId\ \"taIls\ \n"veIl\ \"vendIN mSin\ \"vju\ \wld"waId\

bernehmen talentiert unermdlich enthllen (Waren)automat Zuschauer(in) weltweit

Oprah worked as a TV reporter before taking over a Chicago talk show. She was a talented child but no one thought her life would turn out such a success. She is a tireless campaigner against child abuse. The hospital recently unveiled a sculpture outside the entrance. There were broken down vending machines everywhere the place was awful. Her TV talk show is watched by over thirty million viewers. The short-listed authors are guaranteed a worldwide readership. 

Unit 6
Elections
ballot paper (n) C candidate (n) C constituency (n) C general election (n) C Member of Parliament (n) C polling station (n) C stand for (v) turnout (n) C \"blt peIp\ \"kndIdeIt; \"kndIdt\ \kn"stItjUnsi\ \dZenrl I"lekSn\ \memb v "pAlmnt\ \"pUlIN steISn\ \"stnd fO\ \"tnaUt\ Stimmzettel Kandidat(in) Wahlkreis Parlamentswahlen Abgeordnete(r) Wahllokal kandidieren Wahlbeteiligung

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

The result of the election is an announced when the ballot papers have been counted. Voters may choose only one candidate. Britain is divided into about 650 constituencies. General elections usually take place every four years in Britain. Each district elects one Member of Parliament (MP). The polling stations close at the end of the day. Arnie cannot stand for president unless the law is changed. Voting is not compulsory and the turnout is sometimes very low.

Embarrassment
acutely (adv) ashamed (adj) bright (adj) blush (v) humiliating (adj) self-conscious (adj) squirm (v) \"kjutli\ \"SeImd\ \braIt\ \blS\ \hju"mIlieItIN\ \self "knSs\ \skwm\ akut sich schmen knall(rot) errten erniedrigend befangen; gehemmt sich winden She was acutely embarrassed every time her parents opened their mouths. Dont be ashamed of making mistakes. He went bright red when he realized hed forgotten his wallet. I always blush when my tummy makes a funny noise. I find it really humiliating that I cant find a job. Shes very self-conscious about her haircut. He squirmed with embarrassment when his phone went off during the film. 

-isms
ageism elitism idealism nationalism optimism \"eIdZIzm\ \I"litIzm\ \aI"dIlIzm\ \"nSnlIzm\ \"ptImIzm\ Altersdiskriminierung Elitedenken Idealismus Nationalismus Optimismus Ageism is the practice of treating older people in an unfair way. Elitism is the belief that a small group of people with advantages should keep the most power and influence. Idealism is a strong belief in something which is good but probably impossible to achieve. Nationalism is the belief that your country is better than other countries. Optimism is the tendency to be hopeful and to expect good things to happen.

Unit 6
pacifism pessimism racism realism sexism socialism \"psIfIzm\ \"pesmIzm\ \"reIsIzm\ \"rIlIzm\ \"seksIzm\ \"sUSlIzm\ Pazifismus Pessimismus Rassismus Realismus Sexismus Sozialismus

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Pacifism is the belief that violence is wrong. Pessimism is the tendency to think that bad things will happen. Racism is a way of thinking or behaving that treats people belonging to some races unfairly. Realism is the ability to accept events and situations as they really exist and to deal with them in a practical way. Sexism is the belief that men and women should be treated in a different way. Socialism is a political system that aims to create a society in which everyone has equal opportunities.

Other words & phrases


action hero (n) C ad (n) C alienate (v) amend (v) approachable (adj) assailant (n) C banner (n) C banter (n) U barely (adv) big time bodybuilder (n) C bribe (v) brush (sth) off (v) centre-right (adj) \"kSn hIrU\ \d\ \"eIlineIt\ \"mend\ \"prUtSbl\ \"seIlnt\ \"bn\ \"bnt\ \"beli\ \"bIg taIm\ \"bdIbIld\ \braIb\ \brS "f\ \sent"raIt\ Action-Held Anzeige abschrecken; befremden abndern ansprechbar; zugnglich Angreifer Banner; Fahne Geplnkel; Neckerei kaum gewaltig Bodybuilder(in) bestechen ignorieren Mitte-RechtsSchwarzenegger used to be the worlds greatest action hero. He was asked to write the ad for the new receptionist. Quotas will simply alienate an awful lot of people. Arnies fans are campaigning to amend the constitution. She should also be open, friendly and approachable. Prescott turned around and punched his assailant in the face. Maria is a Democrat and Arnie has always stood under a Republican banner. Hes not popular with the new boss, what with all his sexist jokes and laddish banter. He arrived in the States at the age of 21 and barely speaking English. Frank has really messed it up big time. Arnold Schwarzenegger is a bodybuilder, film star, millionaire and governor of the State of California. Oelschlager told Gloystein he was not going to be bribed. Instead of brushing it off with a false smile, he wheeled around and promptly punched his assailant full in the face. Gloystein caused acute embarrassment to the centre-right Christian Democrat party. 

Unit 6
chairman (n) C chancellor (n) C childcare (n) U close range commit to (v) competent (adj) compulsory (adj) condescending (adj) constitution (n) C cruise (v) deputy leader (n) C deserve (v) determine (v) disagreement (n) C disastrously (adv) discrimination (n) U dismissal (n) C dollar bill (n) C embodiment (n) C engineer (n) C fair (adj) foot and mouth disease (n) U fuss (n) U \"tSemn\ \"tSAnsl\ \"tSaIldke\ \klUs "reIndZ\ \k"mIt tu\ \"kmpItnt\ \km"plsri\ \kndI"sendIN\ \knstI"tjuSn\ \kruz\ \depjUti "lid\ \dI"zv\ \dI"tmIn\ \dIs"grimnt\ \dI"zAstrsli\ \dIskrImI"neISn\ \dIs"mIsl\ \dl "bIl\ \Im"bdImnt\ \endZI"nI\ \fe\ \fUt n "maUT dIziz\ \fs\ Vorsitzender Kanzler Kinderbetreuung aus nchster Nhe kompetent Pflicht herablassend Verfassung

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


George Bush senior appointed him as chairman to the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness. If you ask yourself why the Germans elected a woman chancellor, its because the political parties there also have a quota system. She thinks that politicians should talk about equal pay and childcare. The man threw an egg at John Prescott from close range. Many politicians are bad enough without replacing them with people who are even less competent. Voting is not compulsory and the turnout is sometimes very low, especially in places that are considered to be safe seats for one of the big parties. I find the idea of quotas, as a woman, condescending and offensive. Arnies fans are campaigning to amend the constitution. campaign was of little interest. stellvertretender Vorsitzender Peter Gloystein was deputy leader of the German state of Bremen. verdienen bestimmen Meinungsverschiedenheit katastrophalerweise Diskriminierung Entlassung Dollarnote Verkrperung Ingenieur(in) gerecht; angemessen Maul- und Klauenseuche Getue; Gedns I dont think he deserves to lose his job over it. In 1905 Grover Cleveland said that the positions of men and women in society had been determined by God. Theres not much disagreement about the fact that we need more women in politics. His attempt at a joke went disastrously wrong. She thinks that excellence is the best way to fight discrimination. Do you think writing a sexist advert is suitable grounds for dismissal? Sheppard is a well-known historical figure who can be seen on a ten-dollar bill in New Zealand. Schwarzenegger is, to many, an embodiment of the American dream. Franks very good at his job hes an excellent engineer. Is it fair grounds for dismissal? He was protesting about the governments lack of support for farmers during an outbreak of foot and mouth disease. The organizations taking us to court and you call it a lot of fuss about nothing?! 

sich einer Sache verpflichten Arnie was committed to making a career for himself as an actor.

einen leichten Sieg erringen With the government cruising to another victory, the General Election

Unit 6
give (sb) the sack governor (n) C graduate (n) C grounds (n pl) have your sights set on have your way (v) heel (n) C horrified (adj) issue (n) C laddish (adj) launch (n) C liability (n) C macho (adj) magnum (n) C make history (v) \gIv D "sk\ \"gvn\ \"grdZut\ \graUndz\ \hv "saIts set n\ \hv weI\ \hil\ \"hrIfaId\ \"ISu\ \"ldIS\ \lOntS\ \laI"bIlti\ \"mtSU\ \"mgnm\ \meIk "hIstri\ entlassen; feuern Gouverneur

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Franks been given the sack. The sack? Really? Are you sure? Arnold Schwarzenegger is governor of the State of California. The receptionist job would suit a young graduate. Do you think writing a sexist advert is suitable grounds for dismissal? If his fans win, Arnie will have his sights set on the White House. If Arnies fans have their way, hell be president. What did he put in the ad? Attractive blonde, 5-inch heels essential? Cleveland would be horrified to know that women had the right to vote. Women Members of Parliament would give more attention to issues like childcare and health. machohaft Start; Einfhrung Gefahr; Brde macho Anderthalbliterflasche Geschichte schreiben Hes not popular with the new boss, what with all his sexist jokes and laddish banter. Gloystein, Bremens finance minister at the time, was attending the launch of the German Wine Week. Dont you feel sorry for Frank? Sorry for him? The mans a liability. Youre forever complaining about his bad jokes and macho behaviour. He thought it would be funny to pour a magnum of champagne over the head of a homeless man. And so, can family man Arnold Schwarzenegger, American citizen since 1983, make American history and become the first president with a foreign accent? 

Universittsabsolvent(in) Begrndung etwas im Visier haben bekommen, was man will Absatz entsetzt Frage; Angelegenheit

make matters worse memo (n) C mess (sth) up (v) object to (sth) (v) offensive (adj) on purpose (adv) outbreak (n) C outcome (n) C

\meIk mtz "ws\ \"memU\ \mes "p\ \b"dZekt tu\ \"fensIv\ \n "pps\ \"aUtbreIk\ \"aUtkm\

die Sache noch schlimmer machen Memo; Notiz vermasseln Einwnde haben gegen beleidigend absichtlich Ausbruch Endergebnis

He made matters worse by attempting to be friends with Mr Oelschlager. He obviously hadnt read the memos about age discrimination. Frank has really messed it up big time. People object to the quota system because they say that it is another form of discrimination. I find the idea of quotas, as a woman, condescending and offensive. Poor Frank. I mean, its not as if he did it on purpose. He was protesting about the governments lack of support for farmers during an outbreak of foot and mouth disease. Were not really arguing about the end, the outcome, its about how we get there.

Unit 6
oversee (v) pour (v) press charges (v) proceedings (n pl) \Uv"si\ \pO\ \pres "tSAdZz\ \pr"sidINz\ berwachen einschenken Anzeige erstatten

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Are you saying that he cant actually do his job without someone overseeing everything he does? Heres something for you to drink, he said as he poured. The police, however, decided not to press charges against either the deputy prime minister or Craig Evans, his assailant. Geschehen; Verfahren With the government cruising to another victory, the general election campaign was of little interest to many people, until John Prescott, the deputy prime minister, brought a spark of life to proceedings.

promptly (adv) prospect (n) C punch (v) quota system (n) C red-faced (adj) refer to sth (v) resign (v) right (n) C run for office scribble (v) secretarial (adj) show promise spark (n) C spin doctor (n) C stable (adj) stand by (v)

\"prmptli\ \"prspekt\ \pntS\ \"kwUt sIstm\ \red"feIst\ \rI"f tu\ \rI"zaIn\ \raIt\ \rn f "fIs\ \"skrIbl\ \sekr"teril\ \SU "prmIs\ \spAk\ \"spIn dkt\ \"steIbl\ \stnd baI\

prompt Chance mit der Faust schlagen Quotensystem mit rotem Kopf bezeichnen zurcktreten Recht fr ein Amt kandidieren kritzeln als Sekretr(in) vielversprechend sein Funken Imageberater(in) stabil zu jmd stehen

Instead of brushing it off with a false smile, he wheeled around and promptly punched his assailant full in the face. Good promotion prospects. Prescott turned around and punched his assailant in the face. If only theyd introduced the quota system earlier! A red-faced Gloystein made matters worse by attempting to be friendswith the man. The quota system is sometimes referred to as positive discrimination. A spokesman confirmed that Gloystein had resigned from his various posts. Cleveland would be horrified to know that women had the right to vote. They are campaigning for a US born outside the United States to run for office. Frank scribbled something down and didnt think to ask anyone to check it. The ideal candidate will have excellent secretarial skills, a good phone manner and a smart appearance. Arnie trained hard with his local team and showed promise. John Prescott, the deputy prime minister, brought a spark of life to proceedings. The spin doctors of Prescotts party squirmed with embarrassment. A long, stable relationship certainly helps win votes. They may not share political views (Maria is a Democrat and Arnie has always stood under a Republican banner) but she always stands by him. 

Unit 6
step aside (v) suffragette (n) C supervise (v) sure as hell tackle (v) \"step "saId\ \sfr"dZet\ \"supvaIz\ \SO z "hel\ \"tkl\ beiseite treten

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


How would you feel as a man if you had to step aside just because someone decided that it ought to be a woman in the job? Suffragette; Frauenrechtlerin Kate Sheppard was a New Zealand suffragette who campaigned for womens right to vote. beaufsichtigen; kontrollieren Franks supposed to be supervising other peoples work, not having his work supervised. ganz bestimmt angehen; anpacken Is it fair grounds for dismissal? Sure as hell should be. In order to tackle the problem, many political parties and some national governments have introduced or are considering the introduction of quota systems.

tearful (adj) un-PC (adj) victory (n) C wheel around (v)

\"tIf l\ \n pi"si\ \"vIktri\ \wil "raUnd\

mit Trnen in den Augen nicht politisch korrekt Sieg sich schnell umdrehen

A tearful Oelschlager refused the offer. Anne thinks Frank is a sexist pig and totally un-PC. With the government cruising to another victory, the General Election campaign was of little interest. Prescott wheeled around and punched his assailant in the face. 

Unit 7
The environment
climate change (n) U exhaust fume (n) pl fossil fuel (n) C global warming (n) C greenhouse gas(n) C organic food (n) U solar panel (n) pl wind farm (n) C \"klaImt tSeIndZ\ \Ig"zOst fjum\ \"fsl fjul\ \glUbl "wOmIN\ \grinhaUs "gs\ \OgnIk "fud\ \sUl "pnl\ \"wInd fAm\ Klimawandel Auspuffgase fossiler Brennstoff Erwrmung der Erdatmosphre Treibhausgas Biokost Sonnenkollektor Windpark

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Clean energy may be a way to deal with climate change. Diesel exhaust fumes may cause chronic asthma. Fossil fuels account for about 85% of world energy consumption. Global warming could cause sea levels to rise dramatically. Greenhouse gases like CO2 are a serious cause for concern. Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world. Spain wants to make solar panels compulsory in new buildings. Wind farms are best in coastal areas where the wind is strong and reliable.

Expression with make


make a difference make a point of (doing) (sth) make it easier make sense make the most of (sth) make time for (sth) make or break \meIk "dIfrns\ \meIk pOInt v "duIN\ \meIk It "IzI\ \meIk "sens\ \meIk D mUst v\ \meIk "taIm f\ \meIk O "breIk\ etwas ausmachen; bewegen etwas gezielt machen es einfacher machen Sinn machen das Beste daraus machen Zeit nehmen fr Alles oder Nichts Make a difference this summer and wear a green T-shirt. Politicians should make a point of using public transport. Governments should make it easier for people to be more green. It doesnt really make sense to be green if other countries are not green. We need to make the most of oil before it dries up completely. Schools should make time for ecology classes for all children. The next ten years will be make or break for our planet. 

Nouns & prepositions


advances in consumption of demand for drive for increase in interest in shortage of taste for \d"vansz In\ \kn"smpSn v\ \dI"mAnd fO\ \"draIv fO\ \"Inkris In\ \"Intrst In\ \"SOtIdZ v\ \"teIst fO\ Fortschritte in Verbrauch von Nachfrage fr Drang nach Anstieg bei Interesse an Mangel an Advances in genetically modified food will revolutionize our diet. Changes to air travel will drastically reduce our consumption of carbon dioxide. The demand for new and better sun protection will increase. The drive for a perfect body will push forward the limits of cosmetic surgery. An increase in global temperatures will affect peoples holiday choices. Interest in saving energy will result in a range of new kitchen appliances. There will be no shortage of new sports.

auf den Geschmack kommen Children will develop a taste for increasingly complicated computer games.

Unit 7
Other words & phrases
account for (v) a host of all the rage appliance (n) C approve (v) asthma (n) U backpack (n) C bare bones (n pl) barrier (n) C beachwear (n) U blanket (n) C bleach (v) bleed (v) block (v) breeze (n) C carbon (n) U charger (n) C charming (adj) chronic (adj) cooker (n) U crop (n) C \"kaUnt fO\ \ "hUst v\ \Ol D "reIdZ\ \"plaIns\ \"pruv\ \"sm\ \"bkpk\ \be bUnz\ \"bri\ \"bitSwe\ \"blNkIt\ \blitS\ \blid\ \blk\ \briz\ \"kAbn\ \"tSAdZ\ \"tSAmIN\ \"krnIk\ \"kUk\ \krp\ ausmachen Menge; Masse von der letzte Schrei Gert akzeptieren Asthma Rucksack hier: Gerst Barriere; Hindernis Badesachen Decke bleichen bluten blockieren Brise Kohlenstoff Ladegert reizend chronisch Herd Anbaupflanze

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Fossil fuels currently account for about 85 percent of world energy consumption. As always therell be a host of new fashion ideas. Virtual workouts will be all the rage. In the kitchen, to name but two, hi-tech appliances will be revolutionised. Her mother never approved of her husband. Diesel exhaust fumes may cause chronic asthma. You can fold away and put in your backpack when you go camping. Well, first of all were stripping the house down to its bare bones: brick walls and bare floorboards. In our first session we pinpointed the main barriers to her stopping smoking. Beachwear for children will warn parents to get kids out of the sun when its too hot. Soft furnishings like blankets and cushions will flash warning signals to the elderly. The final fabric is bleached, dyed and sprayed with a fire retardant. Winston cut his arm and was bleeding. Explore the problems and barriers blocking the clients way. Thanks to virtual phones you could walk on a virtual beach and enjoy the Pacific breeze. British inventors have found a way to extract carbon from used car tyres to make printer ink. Made by the Dutch firm, Soldius, this solar charger can power up a mobile phone in a couple of hours. Greywater is used for flushing the toilet. Charming! This causes widescale water pollution, chronic illness in farmworkers, and devastating effects on wildlife. The Solar Sizzler is a solar-powered cooker that concentrates the suns ray to create heat. Cotton is one of the most environmentally damaging crops in the world. 

Unit 7
cut down on (v) damp (adj) darling (n) decorate (v) delightful (adj) devastating (adj) diesel (n) U double glazing (n) U drill (n) C dump (v) dust (n) U dye (v) / (n) C emission (n) C \kt daUn n\ \dmp\ \"dAlIN\ \"dekreIt\ \dI"laItfl\ \"devsteItIN\ \"dizl\ \dbl "gleIzIN\ \drIl\ \dmp\ \dst\ \daI\ \I"mISn\ reduzieren feucht Liebling renovieren entzckend verheerend Diesel Doppelverglasung Bohrmaschine abladen Staub

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Im trying to cut down on my energy consumption. The back wall is north-facing and really damp. Nell, darling! Have I come at a bad time? Martha Stewart is a lifestyle guide who tells people how to decorate their homes. What other delightful features is your eco-home going to have? This causes widescale water pollution, chronic illness in farmworkers, and devastating effects on wildlife. Diesel exhaust fumes may cause chronic asthma. The previous owners put in PVC windows with double glazing. Its not my fault. Theres something wrong with that drill. More than one million tyres are dumped every year. Come in, but mind all the dust and the rubble and stuff. The final cloth is dyed with natural plant dyes. The 1,000,000 project will provide the castle with one third of its electrical needs, resulting in a reduction of approximately 600 tonnes in carbon emissions every year. 

frben; Farbe / Frbemittel Abgas

erect (v) exert (v) extract (v) fabric (n) C fancy (v) fertiliser (n) C fittings (n pl) floorboard (n) C flush (v) foot the bill (v)

\I"rekt\ \Ig"zt\ \Ik"strkt\ \"fbrIk\ \"fnsi\ \"ftlaIz\ \"fItINz\ \"flObOd\ \flS\ \fUt D bIl\

bauen; aufstellen ausben extrahieren Gewebe; Stoff mgen; Lust haben auf Dngemittel Armaturen Diele; Bohle splen die Rechnung begleichen

Plans to erect a wind farm on the Isle of Skye have provoked complaints from residents. Do you feel that there is any pressure on you to conform to a particular lifestyle? If yes, who or what exerts that pressure? British inventors have found a way to extract carbon from used car tyres to make printer ink. The final fabric is bleached, dyed and sprayed with a fire retardant. Fancy a run along your favourite beach? Itll all be possible from the comfort of your own gym. Organic cotton is grown without using any chemical pesticides or fertilisers and the final cloth is unbleached and dyed with natural plant dyes. We dont really know when all the materials and fittings are going to be delivered. Winstons hired a sanding machine for sanding the floorboards. The greywater is used to flush the toilet. Local authorities will foot the bill for all householders who want to insulate their outside walls.

Unit 7
four wheeler (n) C frustrated (adj) furnishings (n) pl \fO "wil\ \fr"streItId\ \"fnISINz\ Allradler frustriert

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


With petrol prices rising dramatically, it seems that no one loves four wheelers anymore. She was a bit frustrated by the coaching philosophy at the beginning. Soft furnishings like blankets and cushions will flash warning signals to the elderly. Advances in genetically modified food will revolutionize our diet. Be careful to avoid giving your germs to other people. Ever tried to make a change to your lifestyle? Get in shape? Change your job? Well be able to read the football results on the palm of our gloves. The greywater tank recycles all the water from the shower, bath and washing machine. Would you like to have the guided tour first? More and more of these gas-guzzling four wheelers are finding themselves out on the streets. Heat-sensitive fabrics will come into their own with a hundred and one different uses. Youll be able to have a cycle ride over the Pyrenees thanks to a virtual reality helmet. Winstons hired one of those sanding machines for sanding the floorboards. Windsor Castle is to get a hydro-electric power system. She is a lifestyle guide and an American icon. This new system should open the way to cheaper printer ink. Insulation protects a house from the cold and makes it warmer. A whole range of clothes will be developed that can integrate electronics with fabrics. When she does stop smoking, she invariably starts up again. Well have the virtual ability to watch the kicks from any angle. Beachwear for children will warn parents to get kids out of the sun when its too hot. Dadsll be investing in kilts and sarongs as skirts for men become a fashion possibility.  Einrichtungsgegenstnde genetisch vernderte Nahrungsmittel Keim fit werden Handschuh Grauwassertank Fhrung schlucken wrmeempfindlich Helm mieten hydroelektrisch Ikone Tinte Isolierung integrieren immer Kick; Schuss Kind Schottenrock

genetically modified food (n) U \dZnetIkli mdIfaId "fud\ germ (n) C get in shape glove (n) C greywater tank (n) C guided tour (n) C guzzle (v) heat-sensitive (adj) helmet (n) C hire (v) hydro-electric (adj) icon (n) C ink (n) C insulation (n) C integrate (v) invariably (adv) kick (n) C kid (n) C kilt (n) C \dZm\ \get In "SeIp\ \glv\ \"greIwOt tNk\ \gaIdId "tU\ \"gzl\ \"hitsenstIv\ \"helmIt\ \"haI\ \haIdrUI"lektrIk\ \"aIkn\ \INk\ \insjU"leISn\ \"IntIgreIt\ \In"veribli\ \kIk\ \kId\ \kIlt\

Unit 7
laptop (n) C \"lptp\ Laptop

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


It is compatible with all the major phone manufacturers and the company is developing a version that will work with MP3 players, laptops and cameras.

layer (n) C life coach (n) C lifestyle (n) U marine (adj) merchandise (n) pl moral support (n) s mutual (adj) neighbouring (adj) packaging (n) pl palm (n) C pathway (n) C pesticide (n) pinpoint (v) plumbing (n) pl plummet (v) pop in (v) portion (n) C power up (v)

\leI\ \"laIf kUtS\ \"laIfstaIl\ \m"rin\ \"mtSndaIs\ \mrl s"pOt\ \"mjutSul\ \"neIbrIN\ \"pkIdZIN\ \pAm\ \"pATweI\ \"pestIsaId\ \"pInpOInt\ \"plmIN\ \"plmIt\ \pp In\ \"pOSn\ \paU "p\

Lage Lebensberater(in) Lebensstil MeeresWaren; Gter moralische Untersttzung gemeinsam benachbart Verpackung Handflche Pfad; Fuweg Pestizid genau aufzeigen

Sweatshirts will show its time to put on another layer when its too cold. Brian Moffat is a life coach who helps people change their lives for the better. Local farmers welcome the wind farm as it will help subsidize their lifestyles. Engineers say the underwater turbines will have little impact on the marine life of the river. Her shopping website and lifestyle merchandise have made her a millionaire several times over. With Brians moral support, Ill have given up smoking by the end of the year. A mutual friend told her about me and she got in touch. Cancer rates in cotton-producing states are significantly higher than in neighbouring states. Advances in packaging technology mean that we will be able to keep food fresh for much longer. Well be able to read the football results on the palm of our gloves. Just one hour of sunlight will power the bricks for three nights, and they can be used for walls, roads and pathways. In developing countries, more than 50% of all pesticides used in agriculture are sprayed onto cotton fields. In our first session we pinpointed the main barriers to her stopping smoking. 

Installation; Klempnerarbeit Hes going to need help with the wiring and the plumbing. strzen vorbeischauen Portion aufladen Second homeowners dont want to see the value of their holiday property plummeting. I was just passing and I thought Id pop in and see how the works going. Mini portions will be more and more fashionable. Made by the Dutch firm, Soldius, this solar charger can power up a mobile phone in a couple of hours.

Unit 7
PVC (n) U razor (n) C recycle (v) refine (v) remote (adj) retardant (n) C rubble (n pl) sanding machine (n) C sarong (n) C seaweed (n pl) self-cleaning (adj) shave (v) sledgehammer (n) C smash up (v) spray (v) step-by-step (adj) strip (v) subsidize (v) supplement (n) C SUV (n) C take (sth) to pieces tank (n) C tasty (adj) thermos bag (n) C \pi vi "si\ \"reIz\ \ri"saIkl\ \rI"faIn\ \rI"mUt\ \rI"tAdnt\ \"rbl\ \"sndIN mSin\ \s"rN\ \"siwid\ \self"klinIN\ \SeIv\ \"sledZhm\ \smS "p\ \spreI\ \stepbaI"step\ \strIp\ \"sbsIdaIz\ \"splImnt\ \es ju "vi\ \teIk t "pisz\ \tNk\ \"teIsti\ \"Tms bg\ PVC Rasierapparat recyceln raffinieren abgelegen Hemmmittel Schutt

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The previous owners put in PVC windows with double glazing, were going to replace them with wooden windows with triple glazing. An electric razor is not the most eco-friendly way of shaving. All lovers of creative recycling will be happy to hear about a new use for used car tyres. The black carbon powder that is normally used is refined from pure oil. The Island of Skye is a remote but beautiful island. The final fabric is bleached, dyed and sprayed with a fire retardant. Come in, but mind all the dust and the rubble and stuff. Winston hired a sanding machine for the floorboards. Dadsll be investing in kilts and sarongs as skirts for men become a fashion possibility. Seetang selbstreinigend (sich) rasieren Vorschlaghammer zertrmmern besprhen schrittweise abbauen; demontieren subventionieren Zusatz SUV auseinander nehmen Tank wohlschmeckend Isoliertasche Seaweed will take off as the number one health food product. Self-cleaning ovens are already available in some shops. What is the most eco-friendly way of shaving? Winston will smash up all the tiles with his sledge hammer. Winston will smash up all the tiles with his sledge hammer. The final fabric is bleached, dyed and sprayed with a fire retardant. Here is a step-by-step model for how to run a coaching session. Were going to strip the house down to its brick walls and bare floorboards. Local farmers welcome the wind farm as it will help subsidize their lifestyles. Well be eating seaweed supplements along with most of our meals. The much loved American SUV (sports utility vehicle) is quickly losing its appeal. It looks like youre taking the whole house to pieces! The greywater tank recycles all the water from the shower, bath and washing machine. Advances in packaging technology mean well be able to keep food fresh and tasty for much longer. Ultra-light materials mean that thermos bags and bottles will be easier to carry. 

Schmirgelschleifmaschine Sarong

Unit 7
throw a party tile (n) C tip (n) C truck (n) C tunnel (n) C turbine (n) C tyre (n) C underwater (adj) watch out for widescale (adj) willpower (n) U wiring (n) pl \TrU "pAti\ \taIl\ \tIp\ \trk\ \"tnl\ \"tbaIn\ \"taI\ \nd"wOt\ \wtS "aUt fO\ \waIdskeIl\ \"wIlpaU\ \"waIrIN\ Fliese; Kachel Tipp Lastwagen Tunnel Turbine Reifen Unterwasser-

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


eine Party veranstalten Martha Stewart is a lifestyle guide who tells people how to throw a party. Winston will smash up all the tiles with his sledge hammer. Can you add four more tips to the leaflet? You carry heavy goods in a truck. Virtual reality options will include being able to see players coming out of the tunnel. A series of underwater turbines are to be installed in the river Thames. More than one million tyres are dumped every year. A series of underwater turbines are to be installed in the river Thames. Watch out for a huge increase in the consumption of all kinds of seafood. This causes widescale water pollution, chronic illness in farmworkers, and devastating effects on wildlife. Willenskraft elektrische Leitung; Stromkabel Now shes getting results through her own strength and willpower shes much happier. Hes going to need help with the wiring and the plumbing. 

Ausschau halten nach weitverbreitet

Unit 8
Symptoms
ache (n) C backache (n) C hacking cough (n) C high temperature (n) C rash (n) C run-down (adj) runny nose (n) C sore throat (n) C stiff muscles (n) C throbbing headache (n) C upset stomach (n) C \eIk\ \"bkeIk\ \hkIN "kf\ \haI "temprItS\ \rS\ \rn"daUn\ \rni "nUz\ \sO "TrUt\ \stIf "mslz\ \TrbIN "hedeIk\ \pset "stmk\ Schmerz Rckenschmerz(en) trockener Husten hohe Temperatur Ausschlag mde; erschpft triefende Nase rauher Hals steife Muskeln

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

An ache is a pain in a part of your body. Workers are starting to sue their companies for chronic backache. Ive got a hacking cough and a sore throat. Symptoms of a heavy cold are a headache, sore throat and a high temperature. Ive had an upset stomach and a strange rash on my face since we went to that restaurant. I feel tired and generally run-down. Ive had a really runny nose for the last few days. Ive got a hacking cough and a sore throat. All my muscles feel really stiff and my back aches. I woke up with a high temperature and a throbbing headache. Ive had an upset stomach since we went to that restaurant. 

pochende Kopfschmerzen Magenverstimmung

Health idioms
at deaths door theres a bug going around give (sb) a clean bill of health go down with (sth) in good shape my back was killing me \t deTs "dO\ \Dez "bg gUIN raUnd\ \gIv klin bIl v "helT\ \gU daUn wID\ \In gUd "SeIp\ \maI bk wz "kIlIN mi\ kurz vorm Abkratzen da geht was zur Zeit um fr gesund erklren an etwas erkranken in guter Verfassung mein Rcken hat mir hllisch wehgetan The next day I felt worse and thought I was at deaths door. There was a bug going around so I thought I was going down with something. The doctor gave me a clean bill of health and said I was fine. There was a bug going round so I thought I was going down with something. The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me that I was in good shape. My back was killing me so I went to the doctors.

Phrasal verbs with objects


get back to (sb) put up with (sb) \get "bk t\ \pUt "p wID\ jmd antworten es mit jmd aushalten I need to call him. I promised Id get back to him today. I dont know how Linda puts up with you!

Unit 8
put (sth) off put (sb) up to (sth) sort (sth) out tell (sb) off pUt "f\ \pUt "p t\ \sOt "aUt\ \tel "f\ verschieben anstiften in Ordnung bringen schimpfen

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


How long are you going to keep putting it off? It was your idea, was it? You put him up to it. Itll sort itself out. It always does. Even little Jo was telling me off the other day.

Other words & phrases


absenteeism (n) U achiness (n) U acupuncture (n) U alarmed (adj) anti-smoker (n) C aromatherapist (n) C aromatherapy (n) U bed rest (n) U bergamot (n) C blend (n) C blender (n) C boost (v) calm (v) chain smoker (n) C chronic (adj) claim (n) C clinical (adj) collapse (v) \bsn"tiIzm\ \"eIkIns\ \"kjUpNktS\ \"lAmd\ \nti"smUk\ \rUm"TerpIst\ \rUm"Terpi\ \bed rest\ \"bgmt\ \blend\ \"blend\ \bust\ \kAm\ \"tSeIn smUk\ \"krnIk\ \kleIm\ \"klInIkl\ \k"lps\ Abwesenheit von der Arbeit Absenteeism has gone down and everyone seems happier. Schmerzen Akupunktur alarmiert Antiraucher Aromatherapeut(in) Aromatherapie Bettruhe Bergamotte Mischung Mixer verstrken beruhigen Kettenraucher(in) chronisch Forderung klinisch zusammenbrechen The supplementary symptoms are sickness, achiness and a cough. Maybe the acupuncture or the reflexology for the first question and the colour charts embedded in the Office Doctors text? For the moment, at any rate, theres no reason to be alarmed. Anti-smokers strongly dislike cigarettes and smoky atmospheres. Next came the aromatherapist, Jules. Aromatherapy is a health treatment in which oils with a nice smell are rubbed into your skin to relax you. A heavy cold requires bed rest and you need to make sure youve got all the right equipment. He chose a blend of lemon, bergamot and lavender for the central diffusion system. He chose a blend of lemon, bergamot and lavender for the central diffusion system. They make country soup by feeding left-over vegetables into a blender. Chosen with care, essential oils can reduce stress and boost immunity. Blue is a particularly calming colour and ideal in counterbalancing high levels of stress, she explained. A chain smoker smokes a lot of cigarettes, one after the other. Many workers sue their companies for chronic back pain. The British government is putting aside nearly 3 billion pounds in order to cover compensation claims. Earlier this year, a judge ruled that the doctor was guilty of clinical negligence. Mr Bowe collapsed, the victim of a stroke that left him permanently disabled. 

Unit 8
colour therapy (n) C come across (v) compensation (n) C concern (n) C consultation (n) C cordless (adj) couch potato (n) C counter-argument (n) C counterbalance (v) cure (v) deathbed (n) U deliver a baby diagnosis (n) C disrupt (v) ease (v) energize (v) entitled (adj) ergonomics (n pl) essential oil (n) C fitness freak (n) C flu (n) U fluorescent (adj) \"kl Terpi\ \km "krs\ \kmpn"seISn\ \kn"sn\ \knsl"teISn\ \"kOdls\ \kaUtS p"teItU\ \"kaUnt "AgjUmnt\ \"kaUntblns\ \kjU\ \"deTbed\ \dIlIv "beIbi\ \daIg"nUsIs\ \dIs"rpt\ \iz\ \"endZaIz\ \In"taItld\ \g"nmIks\ \I"senSl OIl\ \"fItns frik\ \f lu\ \f l"resnt\ Farbentherapie auf andere wirken Entschdigung Besorgnis drahtlos Dauerglotzer Gegenargument ausgleichen; ein

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Colour therapy is the use of particular colours in order to make people feel calm and relaxed. Loud, repeated sniffing is good on the phone, but dont try to communicate general achiness or you may come across as a bit too melodramatic. The increase in compensation claims cannot be the result of more medical errors. I appreciate the concern, but Id rather just put up with it, OK? She persuaded the company to invest in cordless mouses and cordless phones. A couch potato is someone who spends a lot of time on the sofa watching TV. Make a list of the counter-arguments that the people could use. Blue is a good colour for counterbalancing high levels of stress. She cured my headaches and I didnt have to pay her a penny. Use this time to make more deathbed phone calls to work. One in seven doctors are refusing to deliver babies because they cannot afford the insurance policies they need. Diagnose stren lindern Energie spenden berechtigt Ergonomie therische le Fitnessfanatiker(in) Grippe fluoreszierend It is not always possible for doctors to make the correct diagnosis. We had to make sure that we didnt disrupt the day-to-day work of the office. Not only does it help ease back pains, it also relieves built up tensions and revitalizes. In the staff rest area she decided to use colours that stimulate and energize. Mr Bowe is now entitled to compensation. She assessed the ergonomics of each work station. Chosen with care, essential oils can reduce stress and boost immunity. A fitness freak is someone who does a lot of exercise. Someone who is feeling stiff and run down may be going down with the flu. She installed full-spectrum fluorescent lights. Konsilium; rztliche Beratung Increased workloads have led to shorter consultation times.

Gegengewicht bilden heilen; kurieren Sterbebett ein Baby zur Welt bringen 

Unit 8
fly off the handle go off (your) food GP (n) C \f laI f D "hndl\ \gU f fud\ \dZi "pi\ ausflippen; ausrasten Hausarzt / -rztin

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


She just flew off the handle she was seriously angry with me. You normally lose your appetite and go off your food when you are ill. Hypochondriacs may enjoy identifying a hundred possible explanations for why they feel at deaths door, but the only sensible course of action remains a visit to your GP. keinen Appetit haben

grumble (v) happy medium (n) U healing (adj) heighten (v) hot toddy (n) C house (v) hypnosis (n) U hypochondria (n) U hypochondriac (n) C

\"grmbl\ \"hpi "midim\ \"hilIN\ \"haItn\ \ht "tdi\ \haUz\ \hIp"nUsIs\ \haIpU"kndri\ \haIpU"kndrik\

murren; schimpfen goldener Mittelweg heilend steigern heier Grog unterbringen Hypnose Hypochondrie Hypochonder

Im sick and tired of your bad moods and your grumbling. Decide what you think is an acceptable happy medium for each pair of positions. The green light, as well as fighting irritability, also has a healing effect on the body. Yellow heightens motivation and orange stimulates creativity. The hot toddy is specially prepared by someone who claims to love you. The offices were housed in an old building. Hypnosis can work as a kind of therapy to improve healing. Hypochondria is your only problem, he said. Hypochondriacs may enjoy identifying a hundred possible explanations for why they feel at deaths door, but the only sensible course of action remains a visit to your GP. 

immunity (n) U insurance policy (n) C irritable (adj) junk food addict (n) C lavatory (n) C leftover (adj) melodramatic (adj) migraine (n) C moan (v) moody (adj) morale (n) U negligence (n) U osteopath (n) C painkiller (n) C

\I"mjunti\ \In"SUrns "plsi\ \"IrItbl\ \"dZNk fud dIkt\ \"lvtri\ \"leftUv\ \meldr"mtIk\ \"migreIn; "maIgreIn\ \mUn\ \"mudi\ \m"rAl\ \"neglIdZns\ \"stiUpT\ \"peInkIl\

Immunitt Versicherungspolice gereizt Junk-Food-Schtige(r) Toilette brig geblieben melodramatisch Migrne jammern launisch Moral Nachlssigkeit Osteopath(in) Schmerzmittel

Essential oils can reduce stress and boost immunity. Some American doctors do not want to perform operations because they cannot afford the insurance policies. The pain was making him irritable and moody. A junk food addict eats a lot of fast food. Youll be on your feet, but youll be running quickly for the lavatory. They make country soup by feeding leftover vegetables into a blender. Try not to come across as too melodramatic. A migraine is a very severe headache. Im sick and tired of your bad moods and your moaning. The pain was making him irritable and moody. The firm was experiencing problems with staff illness and low morale. The doctor was judged guilty of clinical negligence. Buy a new chair for your desk, make an appointment with the osteopath. The doctor will be able to prescribe some painkillers.

Unit 8
pampering (n) U paracetamol (n) C / U \"pmprIN\ \pr"sitml\ Verhtschelung Paracetamol

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Use this time to get maximum attention and pampering from your loved ones. Youll also need some paracetamol to cope with the symptoms of your cold. Paracetamol can be helpful in relieving aches and pains.

physiotherapist (n) C prescribe (v) put aside (v) raging fever (n) C reflexology (n) U renewed (adj) repetitive stress injury (n) U revitalize (v) sickness (n) C skip (v) snap (v) sneeze (v) sniff (v) spectrum (n) C spinal (adj) splitting headache (n) C staggering (adj) starve (v) stress-related (adj)

\"fIziU"TerpIst\ \prI"skraIb\ \pUt "saId\ \reIdZIN "f iv\ \rIf lek"sldZi\ \rI"njud\ \rI"pettIv stres "IndZri\ \ri"vaItlaIz\ \"sIkns\ \skIp\ \snp\ \sniz\ \snIf\ \"spektrm\ \"spaInl\ \splItIN "hedeIk\ \"stgrIN\ \stav\ \"stresrIleItId\

Physiotherapeut(in) verschreiben beiseite legen hohes Fieber Reflexologie erneuert sich wiederholende Belastungsverletzung revitalisieren; neu beleben Erbrechen fernbleiben von anschnauzen niesen schniefen Spektrum Wirbelsuleschlimme Kopfschmerzen verblffend; erstaunlich aushungern stressbedingt; belastungsbedingt

I know a really good physiotherapist he does these special lower back massages. The doctor will be able to prescribe some painkillers. The British government is putting aside nearly three billion pounds in order to cover compensation claims. Saying youve got a temperature isnt enough; youve got to have a raging fever of 45C. Reflexology is a type of health treatment in which a persons hands or feet are rubbed in order to make them feel relaxed. The rest area doesnt just provide a break from work, but helps the staff go back to their desks with renewed energy and enthusiasm. Repetitive stress injuries and other workplace related illnesses. Not only does it help ease back pains, it also relieves built up tensions and revitalizes. The supplementary symptoms are sickness, achiness and a cough. Once youve got three out of six of the symptoms, you can call the boss and skip work. It makes you irritable and moody you get tired and snap at the kids. Try not to make too much noise when you sneeze. Every time shes got a cold she sniffs and sneezes all the time. Liz installed full-spectrum fluorescent lights. Osteopaths can do spinal manipulation. The doctor told me I was fine but I got a splitting headache that afternoon. Absenteeism has gone down by a staggering 30% and everyone seems to be much happier. Theres a saying feed a cold, starve a fever. With stress-related illness on the increase, more and more companies are turning to alternative therapies to help reduce the levels of stress in their workplace. 

Unit 8
stroke (n) U Tai-chi (n) U tetchy (adj) the bush (n) U the outback (n) U tissue (n) C trace (n) C under-fire (adj) \strUk\ \taI"tSi\ \"tetSi\ \D bUS\ \Di "aUtbk\ \"tIsju\ \treIs\ \"ndfaI\ Schlaganfall Tai-chi leicht reizbar Busch Hinterland Papiertaschentuch Spur unter Beschuss

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The stroke might have been avoided. Tai-chi is a Chinese activity that involves doing slow physical exercises to make your mind relax. Bob can be tetchy and irritable. Fewer than two million people live in the vast Australian outback, or the bush. Fewer than two million people live in the vast Australian outback, or bush. Dont leave too many tissues stuffed up your sleeve. Some of the patients claim they smelt gas, but no traces of gas were found. Critics of Britains under-fire health service fear that the country may soon find itself in a similar situation to the United States where many doctors are refusing to perform certain operations.

under the weather vegan (n) C wavelength (n) C wheelchair (n) C workload (n) C work-related (adj)

\nd D "weD\ \"vign\ \"weIvleNT\ \"wiltSe\ \"wklUd\ \wkrIleItId\

nicht ganz in Form Veganer(in) Wellenlnge Rollstuhl Arbeitsbelastung arbeitsbedingt

Ive been feeling under the weather and generally run down. A vegan doesnt eat any meat or dairy products. Full spectrum lights have all the colours and wavelengths of natural light. The stroke left him permanently disabled and requiring a wheelchair to leave his house. Increased workloads have led to shorter consultation times. The Office Doctors is one of a growing number of companies which claim they can reduce work-related stress by making workplaces healthier and happier. 

Unit 9
Adjectives with prepositions
aware of connected to devoted to familiar with free from intent on involved in \"we v\ \k"nektId tu\ \dI"vUtId "tu\ \f"mIli wID\ \"fri frm\ \In"tent n\ \In"vlvd In\

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

einer Sache bewusst werden She suddenly became aware of a strange masked man behind her. in Verbindung mit gewidmet vertraut mit frei von bedacht auf verwickelt in Local people do not think Darren Hasell is connected to the man in the orange suit. His time has been devoted to improving the day-to-day life of the citizens of Tunbridge Wells. An experienced journalist is usually familiar with joke letters of this kind. Tunbridge Wells is generally free from serious crime. National newspapers were intent on publishing the story. The orange-suited Monkey Man has been involved in a number of incidents such as helping old ladies cross the road and putting litter in bins.

responsible for restricted to sympathetic to

\rI"spnsbl fO\ \rI"strIktId tu\ \sImp"TetIk tu\

verantwortlich fr beschrnkt auf wohlwollend gegenber

Three people were responsible for the Monkey Man joke. Some parts of the town are restricted to pedestrians. A spokesman for the local police said they were always sympathetic to acts of good citizenship. 

Crimes
armed robbery (n) U assault (n) C hijacking (n) C kidnapping (n) C / U \Amd "rbri\ \"sOlt\ \"haIdZkIN\ \"kIdnpIN\ bewaffneter Raubberfall Krperverletzung Entfhrung; Luftpiraterie Entfhrung; Menschenraub Armed robbery is a situation in which people use guns in order to rob a place. Assault is the crime of physically attacking someone. Hijacking is the crime of illegally taking control of a plane, often using violence. Kidnapping is the crime of taking someone away and making them a prisoner, especially in order to get money. They say that kidnappings in that country are again on the increase. mugging (n) U murder (n) C smuggling (n) U \"mgIN\ \"md\ \"smglIN\ berfall Mord Schmuggel Mugging is an attack on someone in a public place in order to steal money or other items from them. Murder is the crime of killing someone deliberately. Smuggling is the practice of illegally taking goods or people into or out of a country.

Unit 9
vandalism (n) U \"vndlIzm\ Vandalismus

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Vandalism is the act of deliberately damaging or destroying public property.

Compound nouns (jobs)


disc jockey estate agent firefighter motorcycle courier nightclub bouncer rescue worker tax inspector telesales rep traffic warden \"dIsk dZki\ \I"steIt eIdZnt\ \"faIfaIt\ \"mUtsaIkl kUri\ \"naItklb baUns\ \"reskju wk\ \"tks Inspekt\ \"teliseIlz rep\ \"trfIk wOdn\ Diskjockey Grundstckmakler(in) Feuerwehrmann / -frau Motorradkurier Nachtklubrausschmeier A disc jockey plays CDs and records in a club. Estate agents have a bad reputation but perform a useful service. Firefighters are well-respected but they are badly paid. Motorcycle couriers deliver urgent documents and parcels. Nightclub bouncers are employed to prevent fights or problems in nightclubs. Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter(in) Rescue workers help to rescue people who have been injured in an accident or a natural disaster. Steuerprfer(in) Telefonverkufer(in) Politesse Tax inspectors check that people or companies are paying the right amount of tax. Telesales reps sell goods or services over the phone. Traffic wardens check that vehicles are legally parked. 

Other words & phrases


all-consuming (adj) an all-time low (n) anthropologist (n) C baddie (n) C bigoted (adj) book (sb) (v) cape (n) C caped (adj) \Olkn"sjumIN\ \n Ol"taIm lU\ \nTr"pldZIst\ \"bdi\ \"bIgtId\ \"bUk\ \keIp\ \keIpt\ verzehrend ein absoluter Tiefstand Anthropologe(-in) Bsewicht bigott aufschreiben; anzeigen Umhang mit Umhang bekleidet But when hero worship turns into an all-consuming passion, it can be an addiction as dangerous as any other. Unemployment had reached an all-time low. Anthropologists say it is natural for us to evaluate people in terms of the success they have had. Youre going to have to content yourself with not being one of the baddies, Steve. Mean, bigoted and extremely wealthy, he hates humans and despises Harry Potter. I said I was going to move the car straight away but she still booked me. The masked man wore an orange suit, brown underpants and a cape. We can now reveal that the identity of the caped crusader of Tunbridge Wells is none other than Matt Lees, a 31-year-old hairdresser.

Unit 9
cast (n) C citizenship (n) U cold caller (n) C cold-calling (n) U comic (n) C community-minded (adj) \kAst\ \"sItIznSIp\ \"kUld kOl\ \kUld"kOlIN\ \"kmIk\ \k"mjunti"maIndId\ Besetzung Vertreter am Telefon Vertreteranrufe Comicheft

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


In an all-American cast, the Sheriffs cutting British accent marks him out. Local police said they were always sympathetic to acts of good citizenship. I hate being disturbed at home by cold callers. Phone companies are sometimes responsible for cold-calling. The first superheroes appeared in comic books in the USA in 1938. Their views were repeated by the towns mayor, Stanley Ward, who supported Monkey Mans acts so long as they remained communityminded. hier: Gemeinschaftssinn

im Sinne der Gemeinschaft

confessional (adj) crusader (n) C cutting (adj) dashing (adj) dazzling (adj) despise (v) dungeon (n) C dutifully (adv) elf / elves (n) C emulate (v) extinct (adj) flip side (n) U fuel (v) gossip (n) U grotesque (adj) gullible (adj) handful (n) C

\kn"feSnl\ \kru"seId\ \"ktIN\ \"dSIN\ \"dzlIN\ \dI"spaIz\ \"dndZn\ \"djutIf li\ \elf\elvz\ \"emjUleIt\ \Ik"stINkt\ \"f lIp saId\ \"fjul\ \"gsIp\ \grU"tesk\ \"glbl\ \"hndfUl\

beichtend Kreuzritter spitz schneidig glanzvoll; schillernd verachten Verlies pflichtbewusst Elf(-e) nachahmen erloschen Rckseite schren; anheizen Tratsch grotesk leichtglubig Handvoll

Some people write long confessional letters to their heroes. The identity of the caped crusader of Tunbridge Wells is Matt Lees, a 31year-old hairdresser. In an all-American cast, the Sheriffs cutting British accent marks him out. Someone who is dashing is extremely attractive. Do they say anything about the most respected jobs? No, Im afraid not, despite your own dazzling performance, Steve. Sauron hates Gandalf and despises the hobbits. He has a collection of illegal poisons and black magic objects in his house, but he is exposed and sent to the spine-chilling dungeons of Azkaban. Monkey Man picks up litter and dutifully puts it in the rubbish bin. The world of men and elves will never be completely free from his evil. Reality TV shows create overnight stars for us to admire and emulate. The volcano is now completely extinct. The flip side of a situation is the other or opposite aspect of it. The syndrome is unquestionably fuelled by the medias own obsession with celebrities. Gossip magazines and TV shows parade stars before us. There was a handful of people wearing grotesque brown rubber Yoda masks. It was interesting to see that the press could be so gullible. There was a handful of people wearing grotesque brown rubber Yoda masks. 

Unit 9
hatred (n) U have egg on (sbs) face headdress (n) C henchman (n) C hero worship (n) U highlight (n) C hook (n) C immortality (n) U impressionable (adj) in store instalment (n) C know no bounds liar (n) C like-minded (adj) look up to (v) lure (v) macho (adj) \"heItrId\ \hv "eg n feIs\ \"heddres\ \"hentSmn\ \"hIrU "wSIp\ \"haIlaIt\ \hUk\ \imO"tlti\ \Im"preSnbl\ \In "stO\ \In"stOlmnt\ \nU nU "baUndz\ \"laI\ \laIk"maIndId\ \lUk p t\ \ljU\ \"mtSU\ Hass dumm dastehen Kopfschmuck Handlanger Heldenverehrung Hhepunkt Haken Unsterblichkeit

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Captain Hook is consumed with hatred for Peter Pan. If you have egg on your face, you are embarrassed or ashamed. Queen Amidala wears a strange gold headdress. Saruman is the henchman of Sauron. But when hero worship turns into an all-consuming passion, it can be an addiction as dangerous as any other. The highlight of the day was the chance to see the sixth and final instalment of Star Wars. Captain Hook has an iron hook in place of one hand that was cut off by Peter Pan. Immortality is a superhuman power she would like to have. Young adolescents can be very impressionable. Now for a quick look at the weather. Chris, what have you got in store for us today? Folge; Teil keine Grenzen kennen Lgner(in) gleichgesinnt zu jmd aufschauen kdern; locken machohaft The highlight of the day was the chance to see the sixth and final instalment of Star Wars. When Robin stands in his way, the sheriffs cruelty knows no bounds. Steve thinks that politicians are professional liars. It was good to share the experience with a large like-minded crowd. In primitive human societies, it was normal for the young to look up to the most successful members of the tribe and to use them as role models. He uses every trick in the book to lure Peter to a painful death. In 1941 William Marston came up with the idea of creating a female character as an alternative to the macho stereotypes of the comic book world.  leicht zu beeindrucken auf Lager

make (sth) up masked (adj) meaningless (adj) menace (n) C minute (adj) moped (n) C

\meIk "p\ \mAskt\ \"minINls\ \"mens\ \maI"njut\ \"mUped\

erfinden maskiert bedeutungslos; sinnlos Bedrohung; Gefahr winzig Moped

She made the whole story of her past up. Tunbridge has its very own superhero a masked man in an orange suit, brown underpants and cape. The violence in the film is meaningless and random. But Harry will not be completely free from the menace of the Malfoy family, until he has dealt with the slimy Draco, Lucius son. Some spend hours on the internet discussing minute details of the stars lives. Hidden in the stable blocks garage is an Italjet Dragster - the Ferrari of mopeds, he says.

Unit 9
nastiness (n) U \"nAstins\ Ekelhaftigkeit

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Weve picked five of the worst British screen villains of all time and put them in order of pure nastiness from 1 (totally poisonous) to 5 (pretty unpleasant).

obnoxious (adj) obsessed (adj) on the rampage parade (v) parking ticket (n) C patrol (v) perk (n) C plank (n) C power-mad (adj) prankster (n) C purse (n) C random (adj) role model (n) C satin (adj) scar-faced (adj) sight (v)

\b"nkSs\ \b"sest\ \n D "rmpeIdZ\ \p"reId\ \"pAkIN "tIkIt\ \p"trUl\ \pk\ \plNk\ \"paUmd\ \"prNkst\ \ps\ \"rndm\ \rUl mdl\ \"stIn\ \"skAfeIst\ \saIt\

widerwrtig besessen randalieren vorfhren Knllchen; Strafzettel frs Falschparken Streife fahren freiwillige Sozialleistungen Schiffsplanke machtbesessen Witzbold Geldbeutel willkrlich Vorbild Satinmit narbigem Gesicht sichten

Steve thinks that footballers can be arrogant, obnoxious thugs. Its just great to be with other people who are as obsessed as me, she said. In the film Alex and his gang go on the rampage every night. Gossip magazines and TV shows parade stars before us. When you return to your car, you are about to get a parking ticket. The masked man patrols the town, sorting out lifes little inconveniences. Footballers enjoy lots of perks and privileges. He dreams of making them all walk the plank off his pirate ship. You could say he became power-mad as other people let him take over the running of the country. Prankster Chris Shaw insisted that it was all a joke but said that it was interesting to see how the press could be so gullible. The man tapped her on the shoulder and returned the purse she had lost earlier. The violence in the film is meaningless and random. In primitive human societies, it was normal for the young to look up to the most successful members of the tribe and to use them as role models. Tilly was dressed as her heroine in a gorgeous red satin dress. Blofeld is the terrifying, scar-faced head of SPECTRE. Monkey Man, as he is known, was sighted earlier this week when local resident, Gladis Webb, suddenly became aware of a strange masked man behind her. 

sighting (n) C

\saItiN\

Fall, wo etwas gesichtet wird In other reported sightings, Monkey Man has helped motorists change their tyres, helped old ladies across the street and put rubbish in the rubbish bins.

slimy (adj) soulmate (n) C

\"slaImi\ \"sUlmeIt\

schleimig Seelenverwandte(r)

He will not be free until he has dealt with the slimy villain. When an impressionable young adolescent believes that his or her celebrity hero is their soulmate, there is serious cause for concern.

Unit 9
spacecraft (n) C spine-chilling (adj) spit (v) staff (n) U stressed out (adj) superhero (n) C superhuman (adj) tax declaration (n) C thug (n) C tick tock (n s) trick (n) C triumph (v) \"speIskrAft\ \"spaIntSIlIN\ \spIt\ \stAf\ \"strest aUt\ \"suphIrU\ \sup"hjumn\ \tks dekl"reISn\ \Tg\ \"tIk tk\ \trIk\ \"traImf\ Raumschiff gruselig spucken Mitarbeiter(innen) total gestresst Superheld bermenschlich Steuererklrung Schlger; Verbrecher Ticken Trick; List siegen; triumphieren

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Blofeld hijacks Russian and American spacecraft. His spine-chilling voice has convinced thousands to follow him. Footballers often behave like pigs spitting, swearing, starting fights. The staff were pleased to hear they could all expect a pay increase. There must have been a lot of stressed out city drivers answering that survey! The Tunbridge superhero came to the rescue of a young woman in the town centre. Are there any of these superhuman powers that you would not like to have? You are one day late with your annual tax declaration. Steve thinks that footballers can be arrogant, obnoxious thugs. Tick tock is the sound a clock makes. He uses every trick in the book to lure Peter to a painful death. The adventures of Superman, Batman and the Justice League became particularly popular during the Second World War, with their stories of good triumphing over evil. 

tyre (n) C underpants (n pl) unquestionably (adv) update (n) C vengeance (n) U villain (n) C vindictive (adj) vow (v) walk the plank

\"taI\ \"ndpnts\ \n"kwestSnbli\ \p"deIt\ \"vendZns\ \"vIln\ \vIn"dIktIv\ \vaU\ \wOk D "plNk\

Reifen Unterhose ohne Frage Update; Aktualisierung Rache Schurke; Bsewicht rachschtig schwren mit verbundenen Augen ber eine Schiffsplanke ins Meer getrieben werden

Monkey Man has helped motorists change their tyres. The masked man wore an orange suit, brown underpants and a cape. The syndrome is unquestionably fuelled by the medias own obsession with celebrities. And finally, we turn to an update on the story of the Tunbridge Wells superhero. Robin Hood returns to England vowing vengeance. The Sheriffs cutting British accent marks him out as the perfect villain. Despite all the stories to the contrary, traffic wardens are not vindictive. Robin Hood returns to England vowing vengeance. He dreams of making them all walk the plank off his pirate ship.

Unit 10
Reflexive verbs
adapt yourself content yourself deceive yourself destroy yourself distinguish yourself endanger yourself express yourself pride yourself remind yourself sacrifice yourself \"dpt\ \kn"tent\ \dI"siv\ \dI"strOI\ \dI"stINgwiS\ \In"deIndZ\ \Ik"spres\ \"praId\ \rI"maInd\ \"skrIfaIs\ sich anpassen sich begngen sich tuschen sich zerstren sich auszeichnen sich gefhrden sich ausdrcken

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Everyone has to adapt themselves to new circumstances at some point in their life. We should content ourselves with what we have and not expect more. We often deceive ourselves about our real reasons for doing something. In the long run, selfish groups destroy themselves. We respect people who distinguish themselves by devoting their lives to the benefit of others. Some species of monkeys give alarm calls to warn other troops of danger even though they endanger themselves in the process. People express themselves through their actions more than their words. People should pride themselves on their appearance. Its a good idea to remind yourself from time to time that life is short. Many animals, including humans, are prepared to sacrifice themselves for their family. 

sich einer Sache rhmen knnen sich erinnern sich opfern

Collocations with give


give (sb) a call give (sth) a clean give a damn give (sb) a hand give (sb) a headache give (sb) problems give a lecture give a lot of thought give (sb) a piece of your mind \gIv "kOl\ \gIv "klin\ \gIv "dm\ \gIv "hnd\ \gIv "hedeIk\ \gIv "prblmz \ \gIv "lektS\ \gIv lt v "TOt\ \gIv pis v j "maInd\ jmd anrufen waschen sich einen Dreck um etwas scheren jmd behilflich sein jmd Probleme bereiten eine Standpauke halten ber etwas intensiv nachdenken jmd ordentlich die Meinung sagen I thought theyd treated us very badly and gave them a piece of my mind. I sometimes give the kids a hand with their homework. Teenagers often give their parents problems. Dad always gives us a lecture if we come home late. You need to give a lot of thought to what youre going to do in the future. bei jmd Kopfweh verursachen Hard work often gives me a headache. I must give Mum a call otherwise shell be worried. Isnt it time you gave the car a clean? I dont give a damn what other people think of me.

Unit 10
give (sb) a second give a speech give (sth) a try give a warning give consideration give permission give priority \gIv "seknd\ \gIv "spitS\ \gIv "traI\ \gIv "wOnIN\ \gIv knsId"reISn\ \gIv p"mISn\ \gIv praI"rti\ geben eine Rede halten etwas versuchen eine Warnung geben berlegen erlauben den Vorzug geben

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


jmd einen Moment Zeit Could you give me a second to think about it, please? At the end of the meal the President of the Association gave a short speech. I like new experiences and Ill give anything a try. The boss gave her a warning that if her work didnt improve shed be sacked. We need to give serious consideration to the issue of global warming. The teacher gave us permission to go home early. The government should give priority to issues such as health and education. If Im not sure about someone, I always give them the benefit of the doubt. I sometimes give people the impression that Im older than I am.

give (sb) the benefit of the doubt \gIv D benIfIt v D "daUt\ give the impression \gIv Di Im"preSn\

im Zweifelsfall zu jmds Gunsten entscheiden den Eindruck erwecken

Job responsibilities
coordinate (v) facilitate (v) liaise (v) oversee (v) participate (v) promote (v) seek out (v) track (v) \kU"OdIneIt\ \f"sIlteIt\ \li"eIz\ \Uv"si\ \pA"tIsIpeIt\ \pr"mUt\ \sik "aUt\ \trk\ koordinieren erleichtern zusammenarbeiten berwachen; kontrollieren teilnehmen frdern; werben fr suchen verfolgen My favourite part of the job is coordinating the local volunteers. My role in these meetings is to observe and facilitate. He liaises with local volunteers to develop stories and case studies. Part of the job involves overseeing translation to and from Spanish of written materials. You will be expected to participate in conferences both nationally and internationally. Promoting the RPAs work is the easy part of the job. My job now is to seek out the right person. John visits local projects periodically to track developments.

Other words & phrases


access (v) administer (v) \"kses\ \d"mInIst\ Zugriff haben auf verwalten He can only access his email when hes at home. John helps the local people access and administer the grants that are available to them.

Unit 10
aid (n) altruism (n) U altruistic (adj) attach importance to (sth) bean (n) beg (v) blood transfusion (n) bracelet (n) C case study (n) C charity shop (n) C City (adj) countless (adj) delegation (n) C detriment (n) do good deeds donate (v) donor (n) C ecosystem (n) C \eId\ \"ltruIzm\ \ltru"IstIk\ \"ttS Im"pOtns tu\ \bin\ \beg\ \"bld trnsfjuZn\ \"breIslt\ \keIs "stdi\ \"tSrti Sp\ \"sIti\ \"kaUntls\ \del"geISn\ \"detrImnt\ \du gUd "didz\ \dU"neIt\ \"dUn\ \"ikUsIstm\ Hilfe Altruismus altruistisch

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


He decided to take up a career as an international aid worker. Selfish individuals have a better chance of surviving than altruistic individuals, and they will benefit from the altruism of the others. Someone who is altruistic thinks or behaves in a way that shows they care about other people. etwas viel Wichtigkeit beimessen Bohne betteln Bluttransfusion Armband Fallstudie Wohlttigkeitsladen Cityunzhlig Delegation Schaden; Nachteil gute Taten vollbringen spenden Spender kosystem Coffee growers were warned not to sell their beans to the big multinationals. She begged him to give her the money. Drews own life was saved after a blood transfusion. People often wear yellow bracelets for cancer. In my current job I write press releases for the local press and liaise with local volunteers to develop stories and case studies. Listen to a conversation between a woman who works in a charity shop and her husband. He was a City type, merchant banker or something, but he seemed all embarrassed. Drew has donated over 130 litres of blood, enough to save the lives of countless numbers of people. Today Im meeting a delegation of journalists from Indonesia. I sometimes spend far too long on one project to the detriment of others. Evolutionary theory explains partly why humans and other animals are capable of doing good deeds. They donate thousands of pounds to charity every year. Since becoming a blood donor in the 1940s, Drew has donated over 130 litres of blood, enough to save the lives of countless numbers of people. The Rainforest Protection Agency (RPA) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to protecting ecosystems and the people and wildlife that depend on them.  Human beings attach great importance to moral values.

elders (n pl) film crew (n) C

\"eldz\ \"fIlm kru\

die ltesten Filmcrew

One of the elders proposed spending the money on seeds. The receptionist explains that they are making a reality TV programme called How Kind Are You? and that a hidden film crew has been filming you for the last few hours.

Unit 10
fluff (n) U foreseeable (adj) fund (v) / (n) C \flf\ \fO"sibl\ \fnd\ Fusseln vorhersehbar Fonds

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


We gave the coat a quick clean got rid of the fluff and stuff. Hes going to stay in his job for the foreseeable future. The most popular charities are those that fund medical research or help children. They created a fund to help homeless people.

fur (n) U geranium (n) C grant (n) C grassroots (n) pl grower (n) C hang up (v) homeless (adj) honour (v)

\f\ \dZ"reInIm\ \grant\ \grAs"ruts\ \"grU\ \hN "p\ \"hUmls\ \"n\

Pelz Geranie Subvention Volk; Basis Pflanzer auflegen obdachlos (ver)ehren

The driver gets out and gives the woman a beautiful fur coat. People wear pink geranium flower badges for the blind. John helps the local people access and administer the grants that are available to them. My favourite part of the job is at grassroots. Coffee growers were warned not to sell their beans to the big multinationals. She finished the phone call and hung up. The job involves attending conferences, giving talks and setting up self help groups for the homeless people we work with. On the international stage, we honour altruistic individuals who sacrifice their freedom or comfort in order to improve the lives of those around them. 

in a flash innit juggle (v) knock over (v) light up (v) limousine (n) C make-up (n) U merchant banker (n) C microphone (n) C nest (n) C non-profit (adj) partial (adj)

\In "flS\ \"InIt\ \"dZgl\ \nk "Uv\ \laIt p\ \lIm"zin\ \"meIkp\ \"mtSnt "bNk\ \"maIkrfUn\ \nest\ \nn"prfIt\ \"pASl\

blitzschnell nicht wahr; oder jonglieren; hindrehen umstoen aufleuchten Limousine Wesen; Struktur Handelsbankfachmann Mikrofon Nest gemeinntzig teilweise

Moira was on the phone in a flash and told him wed find his coat. Five hundred quid. Thats all right innit? There are many different responsibilities that need juggling. She has been knocked over by someone on roller-blades, who has not stopped. So then he asked us if we could describe the coat, which we did, and his face sort of lit up. After a long, long time, a large black limousine arrives. But recent research into our genetic make-up has shown that human beings and animals are not so different. He was a City type, a merchant banker or something. After a few minutes, you are stopped by a man with a microphone and a film crew. Some birds will help other birds to protect the nest. The Rainforest Protection Agency (RPA) is an international non-profit organization. Evolutionary theory can give a partial explanation of why humans and other animals are capable of good deeds.

Unit 10
periodically (adv) philanthropist (n) C \pIri"dIkli\ \fI"lnTrpIst\ von Zeit zu Zeit

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


I visit local projects periodically to track developments given over $140 million to educational causes in East Asia and other countries. Philanthrop; Menschenfreund One of the most generous philanthropists in the world, Li Ka-Shing has

poppy (n) C press release (n) C

\"ppi\ \pres rI"lis\

Mohn Pressemeldung

People in Britain wear red poppy badges to raise money for people injured serving their country. My time is shared more or less equally between sitting in front of my laptop writing press releases and articles, and travelling around Central America.

quid (n) C rainforest (n) C raise money (v) ribbon (n) C rollerblades (n pl) seed (n) C self-help (n) U set (sb) apart from shiver (v) single-handed (adv) tear (v) troop (n) C veranda (n) C well-supported (adj) worried sick (adj)

\kwId\ \"reInfrIst\ \reIz "mni\ \"rIbn\ \"rUlbleIdz\ \sid\ \self"help\ \set "pAt frm\ \"SIv\ \sINgl"hndId\ \te\ \trup\ \v"rnd\ \wels"pOtd\ \wrid "sIk\

Pfund Regenwald Geld auftreiben Band Inlineskates Samen; Saat(gut) Selbsthilfe trennen von zittern ganz allein reien Truppe Veranda gut untersttzt krank vor Sorgen

Five hundred quid. Thats all right innit? The Rainforest Protection Agency is dedicated to protecting ecosystems. People in Britain wear red poppy badges to raise money for people injured serving their country. People wear red ribbons for AIDS. She has been knocked over by someone on roller blades. One of the elders proposed spending the money on seeds. The job involves setting up self-help groups for the homeless people we work with. What aspects of our behaviour and culture set us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom? They were shivering because it was so cold. Shes been running the press office single-handed since the senior communications officer retired last year. Her dress is pulling and tearing. Some species of monkeys give alarm calls to warn other troops of danger. The first thing he does is make a coffee and go out on his veranda to check his email. Charities that rescue or look after animals are also well-supported. What about the money? He must be worried sick about it. 

Unit 11
Geographical features
bay (n) C canal (n) C cape (n) C desert (n) C falls (n) pl gulf (n) C mount (n) C ocean (n) C peninsula (n) C strait (n) C \beI\ \k"nl\ \keIp\ \"dezt\ \fOlz\ \glf\ \maUnt\ \"USn\ \p"nInsjUl\ \streIt\ Bucht Kanal Kap Wste Wasserflle Golf Berg Ozean Halbinsel Meerenge;Strae

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Her hotel was located in the middle of the bay. A canal is a man-made waterway. Zheng Hes fleet rounded the Cape of Good Hope and set course westwards across the Atlantic. Animals in the desert have to go without water for long lengths of time. Iguacu Falls are really exciting to visit. A gulf is a large area of sea almost surrounded by land. My friend was really proud because shed managed to walk to the top of Mount Kilimanjaro. The evidence supports claims that Zheng He sailed across the Indian Ocean. Some people say that Cornwall is technically a peninsula. The fleets sailed south along the coast of Argentina before navigating the Straits of Magellan. 

Binomials
bits and pieces black and white born and bred down and out flesh and blood forgive and forget here and now long and hard pick and choose short and sweet sick and tired \bIts n "pisIz\ \blk n "waIt\ \bOn n "bred\ \daUn n "aUt\ \f leS n "bld\ \fgIv n f"get\ \hI n "naU\ \lN n "hAd\ \pIk n "tSuz\ \SOt n "swit\ \sIk n "taId\ einzelne Teile schwarz-wei heruntergekommen Fleisch und Blut vergeben und vergessen hier und heute lang und gut aussuchen schn kurz grndlich satt I selected the basic map and then added a couple of bits and pieces. I prefer black and white explanations I dont like ambiguity. Someone who is down and out has no money or nowhere to live. I always put my own flesh and blood before my friends. Some people find it difficult to forgive and forget. Its better to deal with problems here and now rather than putting things off. Think long and hard before you make a decision. You select the basic map and then pick and choose the places that are important to you. Shes coming home for a week or so short and sweet but better than nothing. Im sick and tired of telling you to see a doctor.

geboren und gro geworden I was born and bred in this country.

Unit 11
to and fro tried and tested \tu n "frU\ \traId n "testId\ hin und her erprobt und bewhrt

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Shes doing a lot of travelling to and fro between New York and Washington every couple of days. Its better to buy things that are tried and tested.

Describing landscape
a bare rocky ridge a deep narrow gorge a fertile wooded valley gentle rolling hills a jagged snowy peak a sheltered sandy cove a tall steep cliff \ be rki "rIdZ\ \ dip nrU "gOdZ\ \ ftaIl wUdd "vli\ \dZentl rUlIN "hIlz\ \ dZgd snUi "pik\ \ Seltd sndi "kUv\ \ tOl stip "klIf\ kahler Felsrcken tiefe enge Schlucht fruchtbares bewaldetes Tal sanfte Hgellandschaft schneebedeckte Bergzacke geschtzte sandige Bucht hohe steile Klippe The Grand Canyon in Arizona is full of bare rocky ridges. Photo B shows a deep narrow gorge. Photo A shows a fertile wooded valley. You find a lot of gentle rolling hills in the south of England. Photo C shows a jagged snowy peak. Its a sheltered sandy cove, ideal for sunbathing. Photo D shows a tall steep cliff.

Other words & phrases


adamant (adj) affluent (adj) artefact (n) C a tall order (n) U Aussie (n) C \"dmnt\ \"f lUnt\ \"AtIfkt\ \ tOl "Od\ \"zi\ fest berzeugt wohlhabend Artefakt schwieriger Auftrag; eine Zumutung Australier(in) Theres this great website, mapping the world, its got loads of really interesting stuff, just about every map that was ever drawn, from the Romans to the Aussies! breed (v) C buzz (n) C / (v) \brid\ \bz\ zchten euphorisches Gefhl; florieren; brummen by and large \baI n "lAdZ\ im Groen und Ganzen Animals for breeding were carried on the ships. I really enjoyed the buzz of it all. When the Star Wars producers first found it, it was a quiet little place now its a buzzing tourist resort. By and large there is usually a correlation between a nations wealth and the happiness of its people. Menzies and his followers are adamant that Zheng Hes fleet circumnavigated the globe. Although we are much more affluent it seems we are not any happier than before. Chinese artefacts and computer simulations support their theory. That sounds like a tall order. 

Unit 11
circumnavigate (v) colony (n) C controversial (adj) correlation (n) C counterpart (n) C crawling (be) (adj) crucial (adj) Dane (n) C deter (v) dispute (v) down under (n) U dragon (n) C epic (n) C estuary (n) C euphoric (adj) fjord (n) C fleet (n) C flood (v) footage (n) U glossy (adj) itinerary (n) C league table (n) C magnify (v) \skm"nvIgeIt\ \"klni\ \kntr"vSl\ \kr"leISn\ \"kaUntpAt\ \"krOlIN\ \"kruSl\ \deIn\ \dI"t\ \"dIspjut\ \daUn "nd\ \"drgn\ \"epIk\ \"estjuri\ \ju"frIk\ \fjOd\ \f lit\ \f ld\ \"fUtIdZ\ \"glsi\ \aI"tInrri\ \"lig teIbl\ \"mgnIfaI\ umfahren; umsegeln Kolonie kontrovers

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Menzies and his followers are adamant that Zheng Hes fleet circumnavigated the globe. They took everything they thought they would need to start new colonies. Why do you think this book is so controversial? By and large there is usually a correlation between a nations wealth and the happiness of its people. Gegenber wimmeln entscheidend Dne / Dnin abschrecken in Frage stellen Australien Drache Epos Mndung euphorisch Fjord Flotte berfluten Filmmaterial HochglanzReiseroute Tabelle vergrern His fleet not only sailed to America but also circumnavigated the globe almost one hundred years before their European counterparts. Its a perfect beach but its crawling with tourists in the summer. For politicians, understanding what makes people happy is crucial. Among the richer nations, some, like the Danes and the Swiss, are much happier than others. The lack of historical evidence does not deter Menzies and his followers. Nobody disputes the Chinese fleets capacity for long sea voyages at that time. He got sick and tired of them going on about how he came from down under. Zheng Hes dragon ships travelled on more than one occasion from China to the east coast of Africa. The big budget adaptation of Gullivers Travels is going to be an epic. An estuary is the part of a river where it becomes wide and joins the sea. Advertisements often show pictures of smiling faces, pretty resorts and euphoric carnivals. Have you ever visited the fjords of Norway? They are adamant that Zheng Hes fleet circumnavigated the globe. Parts of the ship could be flooded to create giant fish tanks. I get as much footage as I can of the locations Im interested in. Advertisements on TV and in glossy magazines sell the idea of happiness. I really enjoyed the itinerary you put together for the trip. A new survey gives information, in the form of league tables, about peoples perceptions of happiness. You choose the places that are most important to you on the map and then you magnify them. 

direkter Zusammenhang

Unit 11
mainland (adj) maze (n) C navigate (v) ocean-going (adj) out of the way (adj) paramount (adj) pending (adj) perception (n) C pipedream (n) C plain (n) C plot (v) Pom (n) C populate (v) repulse (v) round (v) rural (adj) satire (n) C set sail (v) setting (n) C settlement (n) C \"meInlnd\ \meIz\ \"nvIgeIt\ \"USn"gUIN\ \AUt v D weI\ \"prmaUnt\ \"pendIN\ \p"sepSn\ \"paIpdrim\ \pleIn\ \plt\ \pm\ \"ppjUleIt\ \rI"pls\ \raUnd\ \"rUrl\ \"staI\ \set "seIl\ \"setIN\ \"setlmnt\ Festland Irrgarten

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Enjoy open sea sailing across Atlantic from San Miguel to mainland Europe. Cappadocia is an amazing place a maze of narrow valleys. Menzies claims they navigated the Straits of Magellan almost 100 years before Magellan did. hochseetauglich abgelegen grter, -e, -s anstehend; unerledigt Wahrnehmung Wunschtraum Ebene feststellen Englnder; Brite bevlkern abstoen umfahren lndlich Satire losfahren; lossegeln Schauplatz Siedlung Long sea voyages were now seen as an unnecessary luxury and the building of ocean-going vessels had become a crime punishable by death. It was a perfect location, so out of the way, so untouched by the modern world. Happiness can suffer in societies where material possessions are of paramount importance. I have no other projects pending so Im going to do a bit of travelling. A new survey gives information, in the form of league tables, about peoples perceptions of happiness. Why is New Zealand highlighted? Ah, thats a pipedream Ive always wanted to go there. A plain is a large, flat area of land. Menzies used reconstructions of 15th century night skies to plot Zheng Hes course. Pom is a slightly insulting Australian word for someone who comes from the UK. There were interpreters in seventeen different languages, skilled craftsmen and hundreds of women to populate the new settlements. They were repulsed by some of his strange habits. His fleet rounded the Cape of Good Hope, set course westwards across the Atlantic and reached the coast of Brazil sometime in December 1421. Only 150 years ago the San Fernando Valley was a rural farming area. Its a brilliant satire of Britain at the beginning of last century. History books tell how his ships set sail from Nanjing on the river Yangtze. The location could be a street, a building, a historic setting or a particular kind of landscape. Chinese artefacts and settlements in Sri Lanka support claims that he sailed across the Indian Ocean.  navigieren; durchfahren

Unit 11
sizeable (adj) skilled (adj) spice (n) C step back (v) submarine (n) C supply (v) temporary (adj) unspoilt (adj) \"saIzbl\ \skIld\ \spaIs\ \step bk\ \sbm"rin\ \s"plaI\ \"temprri\ \n"spOIld\ grer; -e, -s Wrze zurcktreten U-Boot liefern; herstellen vorbergehend unverdorben

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Its best if the location is within reach of a sizeable town. There were interpreters and skilled craftsmen on the ships. To add a bit of spice the studio has asked for the locations all to be within easy reach of each other. Itll be time for me to step back and let the location manager take over from there and good luck to her! Gavin Menzies is a retired British submarine commander. That company supplies ink for photocopiers. Going on holiday for two weeks is only a temporary solution. Enter through the straits of Gibraltar, with incredible views of Rif mountains in Morocco on one side and the unspoilt beaches of western Andalusia on the other. fchmnnisch ausgebildet

upside down (adv) vessel (n) C veteran (adj) wash away (v) well-earned (adj) workshop (n) C

\psaId "daUn\ \"vesl\ \"vetrn\ \wS "weI\ \wel"nd\ \"wkSp\

verkehrt herum Schiff alterfahren wegsplen wohlverdient Werkstatt; Workshop

Its based on an Australian map. Yeah, I can see its upside down. The building of ocean-going vessels had become a crime punishable by death. Sophies a veteran location scout and shes going to tell us some of the secrets of location hunting. In fact, it rained so much that thousands of dollars of equipment were washed away in the water. Dock at Gibraltar for a few days of well-earned rest before continuing to Balearic Islands. The workshop failed to reach any practical conclusions. 

Unit 12
Idioms (money)
be hard up be in the red be on the breadline \bi hAd "p\ \bi In D "red\ \bi n D "bredlaIn\ knapp bei Kasse sein

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Do you know anyone who is hard up at the moment? Would it worry you if you were in the red? What would you miss most if you were on the breadline? Who would you turn to for help if you were without a penny to your name? Domino was suddenly worth a fortune and never needed to worry about money again. What would you do if you had money to burn? Do you know anyone who is living hand to mouth at the moment? Is it good for children to grow up living in the lap of luxury?

in den roten Zahlen sein nur das Allernotwendigste zum Leben haben ohne jeden Penny; vllig pleite sein ein Vermgen wert sein Geld wie Heu haben von der Hand in den Mund leben ein Luxusleben fhren

be without a penny to your name \bi wIDaUt peni t j "neIm\ be worth a fortune have money to burn live hand to mouth live in the lap of luxury \bi wT "fOtSn\ \hv mni t "bn\ \lIv hnd t "maUT\ \lIv In D lp v "lkSri\

Phrasal verbs 2
fall for get away with get your own back on (sb) give (sth) away hand (sth) back make (sth) up rip (sb) off turn (sb) away \"fOl fO\ \get "weI wID\ \get j "Un bk n\ \gIv "weI\ \hnd "bk\ \meIk "p\ \rIp "f\ \tn "weI\ auf etwas hereinfallen ungestraft davonkommen mit sich revanchieren bei jmd verraten; preisgeben zurckgeben erfinden schrpfen; abzocken abweisen Have you ever got your own back on someone who has done you a bad turn? Have you ever regretted giving away personal information? Have you ever been given something by mistake and then had to hand it back? Have you ever made up an excuse for being late? The taxi driver ripped us off and charged us $50 for the journey. The club was full and the bouncers turned us away. Have you ever fallen for a little lie? Have you ever got away with doing something bad?

US & UK English
bathroom / toilet (n) C check / bill (n) C eggplant / aubergine (n) C \"bATrum\ \"tOIlt\ \tSek\ \bIl\ \"egplAnt\ \"UbZin\ Toilette Rechnung Aubergine She had to leave the show to go to the bathroom/toilet. At the end of the meal they asked for the check/bill. Eggplant/aubergine is an important ingredient in moussaka.

Unit 12
faucet / tap (n) C fries / chips (n pl) garbage can / dustbin (n) C \"fOsIt\ \tp\ \fraIz\ \tSIps\ \"gAbIdZ kn\ \"dstbIn\ Wasserhahn Pommes frites Mlleimer Tankstelle Hose Brgersteig Fuball Herd U-Bahn Unterfhrung Unterhemd

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The faucet/tap in the bathroom keeps dripping I think Ill have to have it changed. Theres nothing better than a hamburger and fries/chips when youre feeling hungry. Can you remember to put the garbage can/dustbin out on Wednesday when the dustmen come? Wed better stop at the gas station/petrol station on the way home or well have problems. Have you seen those new black pants/trousers in Nexts window? Theyre great! Be careful the sidewalk/pavement gets really slippery when it snows! Do you feel like going to the soccer/football match with me on Saturday? That new stove/cooker from Germany is the best one Ive cooked on. I think Ill take the subway/underground itll be quicker. This roads so busy lets take the underpass/subway. It gets really chilly in the winter there, and I always have to wear an undershirt/vest. 

gas station / petrol station (n) C \"gs steISn\ \"petrl steISn\ pants / trousers (n pl) sidewalk / pavement (n) C soccer / football (n) U stove / cooker (n) C subway / underground (n) C underpass / subway (n) C undershirt / vest (n) C \pnts\ \"traUzz\ \"saIdwOk\ \"peIvmnt\ \"sk\ \"fUtbOl\ \stUv\ \"kUk\ \sbweI\ \ndgrAUnd\ \ndpAs\ \sbweI\ \ndSt\ \vest\

Other words & phrases


alive and well all-seeing (adj) and the like axe (n) C bail (n) C bait (n) C bankrupt (adj) billfold (n) C \"laIv n "wel\ \Ol"siIN\ \nd D "laIk\ \ks\ \beIl\ \beIt\ \"bNkrpt\ \"bIlfUld\ gesund und munter allsehend und hnliches Axt Kaution Kder pleite; bankrott Brieftasche It may come as a surprise to learn that bounty hunters are still alive and well. Others identify the all-seeing eye as a symbol of the Illuminati. Other scam baiters have actually managed to get the would-be conmen to pay for bank charges and the like. Nearby lay two skeletons, one with an axe clasped in one hand and a knife between its ribs, the other with a large hole in its skull. Bail is the money you pay to a court to remain free until the time of your trial. If you take the bait, you accept what is offered. One million American credit card holders declare themselves bankrupt every year. Next time you take a dollar bill out of your billfold, the chances are you wont give it a seconds thought.

Unit 12
bondsman (n) C bounty hunter (n) C cargo (n) C clasp (v) codeword (n) C conman (n) C counterfeit (adj) deactivate (v) deathbed (n) U decode (v) deface (v) denomination (n) C desperado (n) C do (sb) a bad turn doubloon (n) C embark on (v) enforce (v) excess (n) U expel (v) face value (n) U fake (adj) fall apart (v) \"bndzmn\ \"baUnti hnt\ \"kAgU\ \klAsp\ \"kUdwd\ \"knmn\ \"knmen\ \"kaUntfIt\ \di"ktIveIt\ \"deTbed\ \di"kUd\ \dI"feIs\ \dInmI"neISn\ \desp"rAdU\ \du bd "tn\ \"dblun\ \Im"bAk n\ \In"fOs\ \Ik"ses\ \Ik"spel\ \feIs "vlju\ \feIk\ \fOl "pAt\ Brge Kopfgeldjger Fracht; Schiffsladung festhalten Codewort; Passwort Schwindler; Betrger falsch; geflscht deaktivieren Sterbebett entziffern verunstalten Nennbetrag Desperado

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


If you cant afford to pay bail yourself, you can borrow it from a bail bondsman. In their time together as bounty hunters they have caught more than 50 fugitives. A Portuguese pirate named Benito Bonito made off with a cargo of gold and silver coins. One of the skeletons had an axe clasped in one hand. For security purposes he asked the would-be conman to write a codeword on a piece of card. Amazingly, many of the conmen fall for the scam baiters tricks. The Treasury estimates there to be 70 million counterfeit dollars in circulation. Scam baiters deactivate the anti-spam controls on their own computers. On his deathbed he told a friend, John Keating, where the loot could be found. He left his widow clues about how to find the treasure but she was never able to decode them. Burning, damaging or in any way defacing a dollar bill is a federal crime. The denomination of a banknote is its value -- $10, $50 etc. The bounty hunter will collect the reward money before identifying another desperado and riding off, once more, into the sunset. jmd einen bsen Streich spielen Dublone beginnen; anfangen fr die Einhaltung sorgen verweisen Nominalwert Flschung auseinanderfallen Have you ever got your own back on someone who has done you a bad turn? All he found was one single doubloon (a Spanish coin). In 1989, she moved to the States to join her mother, but instead of joining the Hollywood jetset, she embarked on a series of adventures. The law is enforced by the American Secret Service. By the time she was ready to leave school, she had already been expelled from four of them. As a rule a $10,000 bill can be sold for more than four times its face value. If your bill turns out to be a fake, you can always burn it. In those two years, they can change hands hundreds of times and they can be folded eight thousand times before they begin to fall apart. berma; Ausschweifungen After a lifetime of excess she was arrested for possession of drugs. 

Unit 12
fall into the hands of (sb) fishpond (n) C fool (v) fugitive (n) C give (sb) more teeth grab (v) haul (n) C hoard (n) C inscription (n) C jet set (n) U life savings (n) pl loot (n) U magnet (n) C make off with (v) \fOl Int D "hndz v\ \"fISpnd\ \ful\ \"fjudZtIv\ \gIv mO "tiT\ \grb\ \hOl\ \hOd\ \In"skrIpSn\ \"dZetset\ \"laIf seIvINz\ \lut\ \"mgnIt\ \meIk f wID\ Fischteich

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


jmd in die Hnde fallen tuschen; hereinlegen Flchting jmd mehr Wirksamkeit verleihen sich schnappen Beute Hort Inschrift Jet-set Lebensersparnisse Zaster Magnet sich davonmachen mit They had killed each other in their desperation to grab the loot for themselves. The biggest haul of all was left by a Scottish sailor, William Thompson. They found a hoard of treasure, including a life-size gold statue. The Latin inscription Novus Ordo Seclorum means New order of the ages. Instead of joining the Hollywood jet set, she embarked on a series of adventures. Winnie Mitchell lost her life savings after falling for one email scam. On his deathbed he told a friend, John Keating, where the loot could be found. Cocos Island became a treasure bank for pirates and a magnet for treasure hunters. In 1819, a Portuguese pirate named Benito Bonito carried out a raid on the Mexican port of Acapulco, making off with a cargo of gold and silver coins.  In 1880 Bonitos map fell into the hands of a German sailor. He found coins yesterday as he was digging a fishpond in his back garden. Spam victims are fooled by an email that has got through their anti-spam system. In their time together as bounty hunters they have caught more than 50 fugitives. If you give somebody more teeth, you make them more powerful.

metal detector (n) C on the trail of overboard (adv) overdose (n) C play (sb) at their own game provider (n) C put up a fight raid (v) / (n) C

\"metl dItekt\ \n D "treIl v\ \"UvbOd\ \"UvdUs\ \pleI t De Un "geIm\ \pr"vaId\ \pUt p "faIt\ \reId\

Metallsuchgert jmd auf der Spur ber Bord berdosis schlagen Provider sich wehren berfallen berfall

Going out with a metal detector is an unlikely way to make money. People tend to think of a bounty hunter as being on the trail of a bank robber who is wanted dead or alive. They jumped overboard and swam to the island to escape. At the age of 35 Domino Harvey was found dead of a drugs overdose. have done to you. In the US, internet service providers claim to be winning the war on spam after seeing a drop of 75% in the last two years. Winnies daughter was not prepared to see her mother ripped off without putting up a fight. He would attack passing ships and raid coastal towns before returning to the thickly wooded island to store his treasure. His raids were not always successful.

jmd mit den eigenen Waffen If you play someone at their own game, you do to someone what they

Unit 12
ranch hand (n) C recall (v) rumour (v) / (n) C \"rAntS hnd\ \rI"kOl\ \"rum\ Farmhelfer(-in) sich erinnern an

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


She is rumoured to have worked as a ranch hand and then as a volunteer fire fighter. None of the staff could recall ever having come across anyone with the name of Domino Harvey. Es geht das Gercht um ... She is rumoured to have worked as a ranch hand and then as a volunteer fire fighter. Theres a rumour that shes going to be fired.

Saxon (adj) scam (n) C scam baiter (n) C scour (v) seal (n) C serial number (n) set in (v) single out (v) skeleton (n) C spam (n) U spammer (n) C speculate (v) string (n) C the chances are to the tune of trickery (n) U ungirly (adj) want for nothing whaling (adj) wooded (adj)

\"sksn\ \skm\ \"skm beIt\ \"skaU\ \sil\ \"sIril nmb\ \set "In\ \"sINgl aUt\ \"skelIt"n\ \spm\ \"spm\ \"spekjUleIt\ \strIN\ \D "tSAnsz A\ \t D "tjun v\ \"trIkri\ \n"gli\ \wnt f "nTIN\ \"weIlIN\ \"wUdd\

angelschsisch Schwindel -fnger) absuchen Siegel Seriennummer sich einstellen aussuchen Skelett

She found some Saxon coins while digging in her garden. She lost her life savings after falling for one email scam.

Schwindelkderer (- jger; Amazingly, many of the conmen fall for the scam baiters tricks. Other treasure hunters have scoured Cocos, but with little success. The reverse side of a dollar bill shows the Great Seal of the United States. Users of the site post the serial numbers of dollar bills in their possession. Boredom set in and she was soon looking for new sources of excitement. It informs them that they have been singled out to receive a very large sum of money. Nearby lay two skeletons, one with an axe clasped in its hand, the other with a hole in its skull. Spam; ungebetene Werbung Internet service providers claim to be winning the war on spam. Spammer spekulieren Haufen; Reihe aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach in Hhe von List und Tcke nicht (sehr) mdchenhaft jmd an nichts mangeln Walfangbewaldet Spammers send out large numbers of unwanted emails on the internet. If you know what youre doing, speculating on the stock exchange can be a good way to make money. Cocos Island became a treasure bank for a string of pirates and a magnet for treasure hunters. Next time you take a dollar bill out of your billfold, the chances are you wont give it a seconds thought. It is estimated that spam victims in the US are ripped off to the tune of $200 million every year. Pirates in the 1700s often used trickery to steal treasure from ships. As a child Domino was said to be aggressive and ungirly. Domino wanted for nothing, living in the lap of luxury. Keating escaped on a passing whaling ship. He would return to the thickly-wooded island to store his treasure. 

Unit 12
would-be yield up (v) \"wUdbi\ \jild "p\ Mchtegernaufgeben; verraten

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


For security purposes he asked the would-be conman to write a codeword on a piece of card. Even after 300 years, Cocos Island has not yet yielded up all its secrets.

Language reference 1
Verb forms
A Simple tenses
1 Present simple (Einfaches Prsens) Positiv Negativ Frageform I write/she writes I dont write/she doesnt write Do you write?/Does she write?

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


C Continuous (progressive) verb forms
Wir bilden die Verlaufsformen der verschiedenen Zeiten mit: Subjekt + be + Verb + -ing 6 Present continuous (Verlaufsform des Prsens) Positiv Negativ Frageform I am/she is writing I am not/she isnt writing Are you/Is she writing?

2 Past simple (Einfache Vergangenheit) Positiv Negativ Frageform I wrote/she wrote I/she didnt write Did you/she write? 7 Present perfect continuous (Verlaufsform des Perfekt) Positiv Negativ Frageform I have/she has been writing I havent/she hasnt been writing Have you/Has she been writing?

B Perfect verb forms


Wir bilden Verbformen im Perfekt mit: Subjekt + have + Vergangenheitspartizip (past participle) 3 Present perfect (Perfekt) Positiv Negativ Frageform I have/she has written I havent/she hasnt written Have you/Has she written?

8 Past continuous (Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she was writing I/she wasnt writing Were you/Was she writing? 

9 Past perfect continuous (Verlaufsform der Vorvergangenheit) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she had been writing I/she hadnt been writing Had you/she been writing?

4 Past perfect (Vorvergangenheit/Plusquamperfekt) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she had written I/she hadnt written Had she/you written?

10 Future continuous (Verlaufsform der Zukunft) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she will be writing I/she wont be writing Will you/she be writing?

5 Future perfect (Vollendete Zukunft) Positiv Negativ Frageform I/she will have written I/she wont have written Will she/you have written?

Language reference 1
D Passive verb forms
Wir bilden das Passiv mit: be + Vergangenheitspartizip (past participle) It is is being was hasnt been will be here. now. ages ago. yet. soon.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


What clauses
Wir knnen Aussagestzen mehr Nachdruck verleihen, indem wir einen Nebensatz mit what voranstellen. I dont understand why they do it. What I dont understand is why they do it. I wanted to know his name. What I wanted to know was his name.

written

E Modal verbs
Es gibt neun modale Hilfsverben (will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must). Sie stehen immer vor einem Infinitiv ohne to. Darber hinaus gibt es einige andere Verben, die auf hnliche Weise gebraucht werden. Darunter sind: have to, need to, ought to.

Subject questions
Wir bilden Fragen, indem wir das Subjekt zwischen das Hilfsverb und das Hauptverb setzen: (Hilfsverb) Subjekt Verb Have you finished? Wenn es im positiven Aussagesatz kein Hilfsverb gibt (d.h. beim present simple und past simple), fgen wir do/does/did hinzu. Do you drive? Are you sure? In Fragen mit be steht das Subjekt nach dem Verb. Wenn ein Fragewort (who, what oder which) das Subjekt des Verbs bildet, steht das Verb nach dem Subjekt wie beim normalen Aussagesatz. Wir verwenden kein do/does/did im present simple oder past simple. Who gave you that? What happened to you? 

Language reference 2
Present habits
Wir knnen eine Vielzahl von Verbformen verwenden, um ber Gewohnheiten in der Gegenwart zu sprechen (Handlungen, die sich ber einen lngeren Zeitraum wiederholen). Das simple present ist die am hufigsten gebrauchte Form. Es wird oft zusammen mit Adverbien der Hufigkeit (adverbs of frequency) verwendet z.B. usually, sometimes, once a week. A fox comes into our garden almost every night. Wir verwenden will/wont + Infinitiv, um ber vorhersehbares oder typisches Verhalten, bekannte Gewohnheiten oder Neigungen zu sprechen. A hungry fox will attack pet rabbits. Wir verwenden keep + Verb + -ing, um ber Verhaltensweisen zu sprechen, die sich wiederholen. If your newspaper keeps publishing this type of journalism, you will lose loyal readers. Wir verwenden das present continuous + always/forever/constantly, um ber rgerliche Gewohnheiten zu sprechen. Diese Form verwenden wir oft, um zu bertreiben oder uns ber Benehmen oder Verhaltensweisen zu beschweren, die uns rgern. The gutter press is forever filling its pages with sensationalist stories.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Wir knnen auch would + Infinitiv verwenden, um gewohnheitsmige Handlungen in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. He would drive in his carriage with half a dozen dogs inside. Wir knnen would + Infinitiv nicht verwenden, um Zustnde zu beschreiben. Adolphus Cooke would be a firm believer in reincarnation.

Be/Get used to
Used to kann entweder ein Verb (s. oben) oder ein Adjektiv sein. Im Falle eines Adjektivs steht danach entweder ein Substantiv oder ein Verb + -ing. When they start their training, the dogs are already used to busy roads. They get used to finding their way through a crowd. Das Adjektiv bedeutet mit etwas vetraut sein, weil man es so oft vorher getan hat, dass es einem nicht mehr schwierig oder unbekannt vorkommt. Wir verwenden es meistens zusammen mit den Verben be und get. Wir verwenden be + used to, um Situationen oder Handlungen zu beschreiben, die wir bereits gut kennen. Wir verwenden get + used to, um bei einer neuen Situation oder Handlung den laufenden Prozess des Kennenlernens zu beschreiben. They are used to getting around with a white stick. (= die Ttigkeit kennen sie schon) They are getting used to the white stick. (= Sie lernen gerade die neue Situation kennen.)

Past habits
Wir verwenden das simple past, used to + Infinitiv und would + Infinitiv, um ber Gewohnheiten in der Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Wir verwenden oft das simple past zusammen mit Adverbien der Hufigkeit (adverbs of frequency) z.B. every year, normally, on Sundays. Every night he and his dogs sat down to dinner together.

Wir knnen used to + Infinitiv verwenden, um ber Zustnde und auch gewohnheitsmig stattfindende Handlungen in der Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Each dog used to have its own personal servant. (state) He used to wear a different pair of shoes every day. (action)

Language reference 3
Defining & non-defining relative clauses
Wir verwenden Relativstze, um mehr Information ber ein Substantiv (Person oder Gegenstand) zu geben. Wir setzen den Relativsatz unmittelbar nach dem Substantiv. Relativstze fangen oft mit einem Relativpronomen an: that, who, which whose when, where beziehen sich auf Personen und Gegenstnde (s. unten) Possessivpronomen (ersetzt her, his, their, usw.) beziehen sich auf Zeiten und Orte

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


The jacket, which he has had for years, is covered in studs. His wife, who rides a Harley Davidson, also wears leather. Wir knnen das Pronomen in nicht-bestimmenden Relativstzen nicht weglassen. Wir verwenden ein Komma vor dem Relativpronomen. Normalerweise verwenden wir which (nicht that), wenn wir uns auf Gegenstnde beziehen. Wir knnen which auch verwenden, um uns auf einen ganzen Satz zu beziehen. Diese Konstruktion verwenden wir, wenn wir etwas kommentieren mchten. They were very well-off, which we found very surprising. She kept her cool, which is more than I can say for myself.

Defining relative clauses


Bestimmende Relativstze kennzeichnen oder identifizieren die Person oder den Gegenstand, ber die oder ber den gesprochen wird. Wir verwenden die Relativpronomen who und that, wenn wir uns auf Personen beziehen. She has a boyfriend who plays in a band. Wir verwenden that oder which, wenn wir uns auf Gegenstnde beziehen. Its a photo that was taken in the 1980s. Wir verwenden that nach Superlativformen und nach Wrtern wie something, someone, anyone, everything. We invited everyone that we knew. Wir verwenden kein Komma zwischen Substantiv und Relativsatz.

Participle clauses
Wir knnen Partizipialstze anstelle von einigen Relativstzen verwenden. Wir bilden Partizipialstze mit Partizipien der Gegenwart (present participles -ing) und der Vergangenheit (past participles -ed). Wir verwenden -ing Partizipialstze, um Relativstze zu ersetzen, die Verben in der Aktivform enthalten. No entry to people wearing (= who are wearing) jeans. She wants to be a top model earning (= who earns / is earning) millions of dollars. Wir verwenden -ed Partizipialstze, um Relativstze zu ersetzen, die Verben in der Passivform enthalten. I dont want anything made (= that has been / is made) of artificial fibres. His first song, called (= which was called) No Future, became an instant hit. 

Omitting the relative pronoun


Das Relativpronomen kann das Subjekt oder auch das Objekt eines Relativsatzes sein. I bought some trainers that were very expensive. (that ist das Subjekt von were) I lost the trainers that I bought last week. (that ist das Objekt von bought das Subjekt ist I)

Wenn das Pronomen das Objekt bildet, knnen wir es weglassen. I lost the trainers (that) I bought last week.

Non-defining relative clauses


Nicht-bestimmende Relativstze geben zustzliche Information ber die Person oder den Gegenstand, ber die oder ber den gesprochen wird. Diese Information ist aber nicht von zentraler Wichtigkeit und man kann den Sinn des Satzes auch ohne verstehen.

Language reference 4
Present perfect & past simple
Present perfect
Wir verwenden das present perfect, um zu sprechen ber: Handlungen oder Zustnde, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart noch andauern. Ive lived here all my life (= und ich wohne auch weiterhin hier). Handlungen, die in einem Zeitraum stattfanden, der noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Shes already fought her a couple of times this week (this week ist noch nicht zu Ende). Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit stattfanden, aber der Zeitpunkt wird entweder nicht erwhnt oder als nicht wichtig betrachtet. Ive been to Rome. (= Wir wissen nicht wann.)

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Weve been living here for almost six years now. Weve worked together for ages. Handlungen, die in einem Zeitraum, der noch nicht abgeschlossen ist, noch andauerten oder sich wiederholten. Weve been working together a lot this week. Fragen fangen oft mit How long ? an. How long have you been working here? Wir knnen for (+ Zeitraum) und since (+ Zeitpunkt) bei den Antworten verwenden. For the last ten years. Since I finished college.

Unterschiede
Das present perfect continuous und das present perfect simple unterscheiden sich sowohl bei der Betonung eines bestimmten Aspekts als auch bei der Sinngebung Wir verwenden das present perfect continuous (und nicht das present perfect simple) 

Wenn der Zeitpunkt erwhnt wird, ndert sich die Verbform. Es wird die einfache Vergangenheit (past simple) verwendet. I went to Rome last year.

Ausdrcke der Zeit, die oft zusammen mit dem present perfect verwendet werden um die Handlung selbst zu betonen oder die Dauer der Handlung. sind u.a.: Weve been travelling for six months. (= Die Betonung liegt auf der already, just, ever, never, yet, since, recently. Reisedauer und die Ttigkeit des Reisens.) So far weve visited eight countries. (= Die Betonung liegt auf der Tatsache, Past simple dass es ihnen gelungen ist, so viele Lnder zu besuchen.) Wir verwenden das past simple, um Zustnde und Handlungen in der um ber Handlungen zu sprechen, die in letzter Zeit stattfanden und lnger Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. Dabei ist der Zustand oder die Handlung stets andauerten. abgeschlossen bzw. bereits zu Ende gegangen. Weve recently been working on a new project. I worked there for three years. (= Dort arbeite ich heute nicht mehr.) Wir verwenden das present perfect simple (und nicht das present perfect I was a real fan when I was younger. (= Jetzt bin ich es nicht mehr.) continuous) Wir verwenden das past simple oft: um das Ergebnis einer Handlung zu betonen (z.B. mit einer bestimmten 1 um die Hauptereignisse in einer Geschichte zu beschreiben. Anzahl oder Menge). 2 um ber alte Gewohnheiten zu sprechen. Ive sent him three emails but I havent had a reply. (= Die Betonung liegt 3 zusammen mit Ausdrcken wie yesterday, two years ago, when he was a auf der Zahl der Emails.) child, die sich auf die Vergangenheit beziehen. Ive been trying to get in touch all morning. (= Die Betonung liegt auf der Handlung selbst d.h. getting in touch.) Present perfect simple & continuous um ber einzelne, bereits zu Ende gefhrte Handlungen zu sprechen. Ive finished the report. hnlichkeiten mit Zustandsverben (stative verbs). Das present perfect continuous wird auf hnliche Weise verwendet wie das present Ive known him since we were at school. perfect simple (s. oben). Wir verwenden beide Formen, um zu sprechen ber: mit Superlativformen. Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart Its the funniest thing Ive ever seen. noch andauern.

Language reference 5
Narrative tenses
Um eine Geschichte in der Vergangenheit zu erzhlen, knnen wir eine Vielzahl von narrativen Zeitformen verwenden. Wir verwenden das past simple, um die Hauptereignisse der Geschichte zu beschreiben. The audience watched the live broadcast in horror. Wir verwenden das past continuous, um andere Ereignisse und Handlungen zu beschreiben, die noch andauerten als die Hauptereignisse stattfanden. A woman was lying on a surgical table. Wir verwenden das past perfect, um zeigen zu knnen, dass eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit vor einer anderen Handlung stattfand. Frida had finished school and was travelling home when her bus crashed.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


1 Wir verwenden das past perfect continuous nicht, um eine abgeschlossene Handlung zu beschreiben. Hierfr verwenden wir das past perfect simple. He had finished the painting. (NICHT He had been finishing the painting.) 2 Zustandsverben (stative verbs) haben keine past perfect continuous Form. She had not been with the family very long. (NICHT She had not been being with the family very long.)

Positive & Negative Stze


Subjekt He / She / They / etc. had hadnt been Partizip Prsens doing / studying / travelling etc.

Frageform
Had he / she / they / etc. been doing / studying / travelling etc?

was travelling

X X X Vergangenheit Gegenwart
finished school

crashed

Past perfect continuous


Wir verwenden das past perfect continuous, um Handlungen oder Ereignisse zu beschreiben, die entweder vor oder bis zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit noch andauerten. I returned to my chair and arranged myself as I had been sitting before.

returned to chair

X X X Vergangenheit Gegenwart sat in chair


arranged myself

Language reference 6
Real & unreal conditions
Wir verwenden Bedingungsstze, um eine Situation (wirklich oder imaginr) und ihre wahrscheinlichen Folgen oder Ergebnisse zu beschreiben. BEDINGUNG ERGEBNIS If it rains, well get wet. Wir verbinden die zwei Teile eines Bedingungssatzes mit if und anderen Verbindungswrtern (conjunctions): on condition (that) as long as so long as provided (that) providing (that)

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Wir verwenden eine Vergangenheitsform des Verbs (past simple oder past continuous), um eine gegenwrtige oder zuknftige Situation zu beschreiben. If we had more time, (= aber wir haben sie nicht). Wir verwenden das past perfect, um eine vergangene Situation zu beschreiben. If we had arrived earlier, (= aber wir kamen nicht frher an) Wir verwenden would/could/might + Infinitiv, um ein Ergebnis unserer Hypothese zu beschreiben, das in der Gegenwart oder in der Zukunft mglich sein knnte. If we had more time, wed sit in the park/we could visit the museum.

= if (and only if)

Wir verwenden would/might/could + have + past participle, um ein Ergebnis unserer Hypothese zu beschreiben, das in der Vergangenheit mglich gewesen wre. If wed arrived earlier, we would have paid less/we might have got a better seat. (a) Bedingungsstze knnen entweder mit der Bedingung oder mit dem Ergebnisteil beginnen. If I were you, I wouldnt do that. I wouldnt do that if I were you. (b) In irrealen Bedingungsstzen ist die Vergangenheitsform von be normalerweise were. If I were you/If she were here/If he were alive (c) Eine Situation in der Gegenwart kann ein Ergebnis in der Vergangenheit, und eine Situation in der Vergangenheit ein Ergebnis in der Gegenwart haben. If I had more money (d.h. jetzt/im Allgemeinen), I wouldnt have walked (d.h. in der Vergangenheit). If she had tried harder (d.h. in der Vergangenheit), she wouldnt be where she is today. 

Unless wird verwendet, um auszudrcken, dass, wenn etwas nicht geschieht, etwas anderes geschehen oder infolgedessen wahr werden wird. Well miss the bus unless we hurry. (= wenn wir uns nicht beeilen) Ill stay here unless you call. (= sofern du nicht anrufst)

1 Real conditions
Wir verwenden reale Bedingungsstze, um reale, mgliche oder wahrscheinliche Situationen oder Bedingungen zu beschreiben. Wir verwenden dabei eine Gegenwartsform des Verbs (present simple , present continuous, present perfect), um die Situation oder Bedingung zu beschreiben. Wir verwenden will/may/might/can/must + Infinitiv, um das Ergebnis zu beschreiben. BEDINGUNG ERGEBNIS If he says the right things, hell remain popular. If youve voted for him, you may regret it.

Wir knnen eine Gegenwartsform auch im Ergebnissatz verwenden, um zeigen zu knnen, dass etwas im allgemeinen Sinn wahr ist. If you dont eat, you die.

(d) Bedingungsstze werden manchmal wie folgt beschrieben: Typ 1: If + simple present, will + Infinitiv Typ 2: If + simple past, would + Infinitiv Typ 3: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle

2 Unreal conditions
Wir verwenden irreale Bedingungsstze, um imaginre, unmgliche oder unwahrscheinliche Situationen zu beschreiben.

Beim tatschlichen Gebrauch jedoch passen die meisten Bedingungsstze nicht in diese drei Kategorien.

Language reference 6
I wish & if only
Wir verwenden I wish und if only, um Bedauern auszudrcken. Wir verwenden das simple past, past continuous oder could + Infinitiv, um Bedauern ber die Gegenwart oder die Zukunft auszudrcken. I wish (that) you were here. (= aber du bist es nicht.) If only we were sitting on the beach! (= aber wir tun es nicht.) I wish I could see you. (= aber ich kann es nicht.)

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Wir verwenden das past perfect, um Bedauern ber die Vergangenheit auszudrcken. I wish (that) you hadnt said that. (= aber du hast es gesagt.) If only Id known! (= aber ich habe es nicht gewusst.) Wir knnen auch I wish und if only vor einem Subjekt und would verwenden. Damit drcken wir kein Bedauern aus, sondern zeigen den Wunsch, dass jemand etwas tut. I wish he would stop talking. If only they would go away! 

Should have
Wir verwenden should/shouldnt have + past participle, um vergangene Handlungen zu kritisieren: He should have kept quiet. (= aber er hat nicht still gehalten.) We shouldnt have come. (= aber wir sind gekommen.)

Language reference 7
Futures
Die englische Sprache hat nicht nur eine Zukunftsform. Es gibt mehrere Mglichkeiten, die Zukunft zu beschreiben. Welche Form wir dabei whlen, hngt vom entsprechenden Aspekt der Zukunft ab, den wir gerade betonen wollen.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Voraussagen
Wir verwenden sowohl going to + Infinitiv als auch will+ Infinitiv, um eine Voraussage fr die Zukunft zu machen. Manchmal sind beide Formen mglich. Theyre not going to win. I dont think theyll win. Gibt es bereits Beweise fr die Vorhersage, dann verwenden wir meistens going to. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. Wir verwenden oft will nach Wendungen wie I (dont) think/I expect/Im (not) sure/I reckon/I guess. I expect youll understand. Wir verwenden oft will zusammen mit einem Adverb der Wahrscheinlichkeit: definitely/maybe/perhaps/possibly/probably They definitely wont win. Wir knnen may und might anstatt will verwenden, um die Vorhersage weniger przise zu formulieren. It might be sunny later on. 

Terminplne
Wir verwenden das present simple, um ber Zeit-, Termin- und Fahrplne zu sprechen. We leave at midnight. What time does the train arrive?

Temporalstze mit Zukunftsformen


Wir verwenden das present simple auch in temporalen Nebenstzen, die mit if/ when/as soon as etc. anfangen. If it snows, well go to the mountains. Shell hire a car when she gets there.

Plne, Abmachungen und Entscheidungen


Wir verwenden das present continuous, um feste Abmachungen zu beschreiben (z.B. wir haben bereits Karten fr etwas gekauft oder etwas in einem Tagebuch geschrieben) Were meeting at six. Wir verwenden am/is/are going to + Infinitiv, um ber Absichten zu sprechen (d.h. Plne oder Entscheidungen, die bereits vorher gemacht oder getroffen wurden). Theyre going to buy a new car. Der Gebrauch vom present continuous und going to ist sehr hnlich. Man kann immer going to anstatt present continuous verwenden, aber das present continuous nur um eine feste Abmachung zu beschreiben. Wir verwenden ll + Infinitiv, um eine Entscheidung auszudrcken, die wir spontan treffen (d.h. es hat keine bisherige Entscheidung, keinen Plan und keine Abmachung gegeben). OK. Ill give you a call next week.

Future continuous
Wir verwenden das future continuous, um eine Handlung zu beschreiben, die zu einer bestimmten Zeit in der Zukunft stattfinden und andauern wird. At 9.15 tomorrow, well be watching the match.

watching the match

X X now 9.15 tomorrow


Subjekt He/She/They/etc. Partizip Prsens will wont be making/watching/ working/etc.

Language reference 7
Future perfect
Wir verwenden das future perfect, um eine Handlung zu beschrieben, die vor einer bestimmten Zeit in der Zukunft vollendet sein wird. By 10.00 tomorrow, the match will have finished.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

the match has finished

X now

X
10.00 tomorow

Wir verwenden das future perfect oft zusammen mit by und folgenden Ausdrcken: by then/tomorrow one/two oclock (this time) next Monday/week the time we arrive/weve finished  Subjekt He/She/They/etc. Partizip Perfekt will wont have made/watched/ worked/etc.

Language reference 8
Modals of speculation/deduction
Wir verwenden die Modalverben must, may, might, could und cant, um Vermutungen ber Ereignisse in der Gegenwart, in der Vergangenheit oder in der Zukunft anzustellen. Die Wahl des Modalverbs hngt vom Grad der Gewissheit ab, den der Sprecher bei seiner Vermutung zeigt. sicher must weniger sicher may might could sicher cant

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Sprachfunktion Erlaubnis Mglich und erlaubt. Verpflichtung Notwendig und verpflichtend. Gegenwart can is/are allowed to Vergangenheit could was/were allowed to had to needed to Zukunft can will be allowed to must will have to will need to

must have to have got to need to dont have to dont need to neednt cant mustnt isnt/arent allowed to

Wir verwenden: Modalverb + Infinitiv Modalverb + be + -ing um Vermutungen ber Gegenwart und Zukunft anzustellen. It could be dangerous. You must be joking. Wir verwenden: Modalverb + have + past participle, um Vermutungen ber die Vergangenheit anzustellen. She cant have been very well. He may not have understood. Wir knnen auch eine feste Wendung anstatt des Modalverbs verwenden: Its certain/sure likely/probable/possible unlikely/improbable impossible that .

Fehlende Verpflichtung Erlaubt aber nicht notwendig. Verbot Nicht erlaubt und nicht mglich.

didnt have to didnt need to

wont have to wont need to

couldnt wasnt/werent allowed to

cant wont be allowed to

Wir knnen may/might verwenden, wenn wir um Erlaubnis bitten wollen und unsere Bitte etwas formeller klingen soll. May I borrow your pen, please? Have got to hat die gleiche Bedeutung wie must und have to, ist aber informeller. Sorry, Ive got to go. Need not/neednt steht vor einem Infinitiv ohne to. You neednt worry.

Its certain that she wasnt very well. Its possible that he didnt understand.

Modals of permission, obligation & prohibition


Die Modalverben can, could, will, must stehen immer vor einem Infinitiv ohne to. Andere Modalausdrcke (have to, are allowed to, are permitted to) schlieen to mit ein und stehen auch vor einem Infinitiv.

Language reference 9
Adjective order
Wenn wir zwei oder mehr Adjektive zusammen verwenden, stehen Adjektive, die eine Meinung implizieren (subjektiv) immer vor Adjektiven, die eher beschreibender Art sind (objektiv oder sachlich). a brave new world an attractive English actress

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition

Hufig verwendete nicht abstufbare Adjektive amazing awful boiling brilliant disastrous enormous excellent exhausted fantastic fascinating freezing furious horrified huge impossible marvellous perfect terrible vital wonderful

Die Reihenfolge von objektiven (oder sachlich beschreibenden) Adjektiven hngt vom Wort ab, das wir betonen wollen, aber die folgende Tabelle bietet eine ntzliche Richtlinie. Gre large, small, enormous Alter young, old, ancient, ... Farbe red, blue, white, Form round, square, pointed, Herkunft European, Italian, Roman, Material silver, leather, satin,

1 Wir knnen really zusammen mit allen nicht abstufbaren Adjektiven verwenden. Einige Kollokationen mit absolutely, completely und totally werden hufiger gebraucht als andere. absolutely brilliant/certain/clear/correct/delighted/essential/necessary/right/ sure/true/wonderful completely different/free/new/separate/wrong totally different/new/opposed/unacceptable/wrong

a big, black, plastic ball a new, wide Japanese screen vintage red Rioja wine short pink woollen socks

Adjectives & modifying adverbs


Viele Adjektive im Englischen knnen abgestuft oder qualifiziert werden: Einige aber nicht. Abstufbare Adjektive (big, dangerous, strange) knnen wir anhand eines zustzlichen Adverbs verstrken oder abschwchen. Hier sind einige hufig gebrauchte Adverbien, die wir verwenden knnen, um solche Adjektive nher zu bestimmen. schwcher a bit a little slightly quite big pretty quite rather very dangerous extremely strange very really extremely strker

2 Viele Adjektive (z.B. different, poisonous, primitive, random, unpleasant) knnen entweder abstufbar oder nicht abstufbar sein. a little primitive absolutely primitive

3 Wir knnen quite zusammen mit abstufbaren Adjektiven verwenden, um die Bedeutung ziemlich (fairly but not very) auszudrcken. The weathers quite nice. Quite warm, actually. Wir knnen quite auch zusammen mit einigen nicht abstufbaren Adjektiven verwenden, um die Bedeutung vllig (completely) auszudrcken. Are you quite certain about it? Yes, its quite impossible. 4 Oft verwenden wir rather anstatt pretty oder quite, um negative Ideen auszudrcken. The film was rather long and the plot was rather complicated.

Nicht abstufbare Adjektive knnen wir nicht schwcher machen. Aber wir knnen sie strker machen, indem wir ein entsprechendes Adverb einsetzen. Hier sind die vier Adverbien, die am hufigsten gebraucht werden: absolutely completely really totally absolutely fabulous totally spine-chilling NIET slightly fabulous

Language reference 10
Reporting
Wenn wir erzhlen, was jemand gesagt oder gedacht hat, werden die Verbformen in die Vergangenheit zurckversetzt. Direkte Rede/ Gedanken simple present I do it. present continuous Im doing it. present perfect Ive done it. simple past I did it. past continuous I was doing it. past perfect Id done it. will/would Ill/Id do it. can/could I can/could do it. must/have to I must/have to do it. am going to Im going to do it. Indirekte Rede/ Gedanken simple past He said he did it. past continuous He said he was doing it. past perfect He said hed done it. past perfect He said hed done it. past perfect continuous He said hed been doing it. past perfect He said hed done it. would He said hed do it. could He said he could do it. had to He said he had to do it. was going to He said he was going to do it.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


Wir leiten indirekte yes/no Fragen mit if oder whether ein. He asked if I had done it.

Wir brauchen das Verb in der indirekten Rede nicht in die Vergangenheitsform zurckzuversetzen, wenn 1) wir etwas berichten, was immer noch wahr oder in der Gegenwart relevant ist oder 2) das berichtende Verb im Prsens steht. He said hes done it. He says hes doing it. Wenn das Berichten aber spter als die direkte Rede stattfindet, mssen wir eventuell die Zeitangaben und hnliche Ausdrcke ndern. Hier sind einige Beispiele: today yesterday tomorrow here this these that day the day before the following day there that those

Reporting verbs and patterns


Nach dem berichtenden Verb knnen verschiedene Verbkonstruktionen folgen. Hier sind drei hufig verwendete Muster: 1 reporting verb + Verb + -ing She admitted being wrong. admit, deny, mention, recommend, suggest Einige Verben bentigen eine Prposition vor dem Verb +-ing. He was blamed for losing the match. accuse someone of, blame someone for, congratulate someone on, insist on 2 reporting verb + to + Infinitiv They refused to give up. agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, warn 3 reporting verb + Objekt + to + Infinitiv She told him (not) to see a doctor. advise, ask, beg, invite, persuade, recommend, tell, warn

Wenn wir Fragen in indirekter Rede weiterberichten, verwenden wir die normale Reihenfolge der Wrter wie in einem Aussagesatz (d.h. Subjekt und Verb stehen nicht in umgekehrter Reihenfolge und do oder did werden nicht verwendet). He asked what I did for a living. (NICHT He asked what did I do for a living.) He asked what I was doing. (NICHT He asked what was I doing.)

Language reference 11
Articles
Wir verwenden the vor einem Substantiv, wenn es klar ist, worauf wir uns beziehen. 1 weil es unmittelbar danach definiert wird. The location they chose was very remote. 2 weil es bereits erwhnt wurde. The researchers carried out a survey of job satisfaction. [] It is not surprising to learn from the survey, 3 weil es einmalig ist. She works closely with the director and the producer. Wir verwenden a/an vor einem zhlbaren Substantiv im Singular, wenn es nicht sofort klar ist, worauf wir uns beziehen. 1 weil es zum ersten Mal erwhnt wird. Im going to tell you a story about a little girl and three brown bears. 2 weil es nicht wichtig ist, worauf man sich genau bezieht. Police officers arrested a demonstrator outside the World Economic Forum. Wenn wir ber allgemeine Tatsachen sprechen, wird bei unzhlbaren Substantiven oder Pluralformen kein Artikel verwendet. the women live longer than the men the time is precious

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


so & such
Wir verwenden so und such , um Adjektive, Adverbien und Substantive zu verstrken oder zu betonen. + Adjektiv big, small, cheap, expensive + Adverb well, badly, nearly, slowly + many/few/much/little many/few people, much/little advice

so

such

+ (a/an) noun a pity, luck, friends + (a/an) Adjektiv + Substantiv a nice day, happy memories

Wenn wir irgendwelche Folgen beschreiben wollen, verwenden wir that + Nebensatz nach dem Ausdruck mit so/such. In informellen Situationen knnen wir that weglassen. They were so cheap (that) I bought ten. (= Ich habe zehn gekauft, weil sie so billig waren.) He drives so slowly (that) well never get there. It was such a nice day (that) we decided to go to the beach.

the & geographical names


Wir verwenden kein the vor Lnder-; Kontinenten- oder Stdtenamen, es sei denn der Name schliet das Wort states, republic, kingdom oder union mit ein. America, Europe, China, Britain the USA, the EU, the Peoples Republic of China, the UK Es gibt einige Ausnahmen: the Sudan, the Hague, the Vatican, the Gambia Wir verwenden the vor den Namen von Ozeanen, Meeren, Flssen, Wsten und Berg- oder Inselgruppen: the Pacific, the Mediterranean, the Thames, the Sahara, the Himalayas, the Canaries, the Philippines Wir verwenden kein the vor den Namen von einzelnen Bergen, Inseln oder Seen. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tenerife, Lake Constance

Language reference 12
Review of passive voice
Wir verwenden eine Form des Passivs, wenn wir das Objekt eines Satzes an den Anfang des Satzes setzen mchten. Hierfr gibt es verschiedene mgliche Anlsse: um das Objekt der Handlung oder die Handlung selbst (anstatt des Subjekts des Aktivverbs) zu betonen. The gold had been buried on a desert island. weil das Subjekt des Verbs unbekannt, unwichtig oder aus dem Zusammenhang offensichtlich ist. Its location was marked on an old map.

Straightforward Upper Intermediate Companion | German Edition


he she etc is was etc said thought etc to Infinitiv be + Verb+ -ing have + past participle

His father was thought to be a fugitive.

Causative
Wir verwenden das Kausativ, um ber eine Handlung zu sprechen, die man von jemand anderem verlangt oder die man jemanden bittet oder berredet fr einen zu tun Shes having her jewels valued. Normalerweise brauchen wir nicht zu sagen, wer die Handlung ausfhrt, weil das aus dem Kontext klar wird. Wenn wir aber doch sagen mchten, wer sie ausfhrt, verwenden wir by. She usually has it done by experts from an auction house. Subjekt Verb Objekt past participle painted tattooed repaired etc. 

Wenn wir das Agens (Person oder Gegenstand, die oder der die Handlung ausfhrt) nennen mchten, verwenden wir by. Wir nennen das Agens, wenn es wichtig oder ungewhnlich ist oder wenn wir auf diese Information aufmerksam machen mchten. The map had been drawn by Bluebeard himself. Wir verwenden be + past participle, um das Passiv zu bilden. she he it I we you they is/is being/was was being/has been/ had been am/was/was being/ have been are/are being/were/ were being/have been can be/must be/to be /being

marked buried shown taught taken etc.

he she they etc

has/have is/are having is/are going to have

the house the TV it

Manchmal knnen wir get statt have verwenden, um das Kausativ zu bilden (z.B. Shes getting her nails painted.) Wir knnen die Person nennen, die wir gebeten oder bezahlt haben, die Handlung auszufhren, mit: get + someone + to + do (Infinitiv) something They got the prisoner to walk the plank. Ill get my family to help me.

Passive reporting verbs


Wir knnen verbale Konstruktionen im Passiv verwenden, um ber Meinungen und Fakten zu berichten, ohne dass wir die Quelle erwhnen mssen. Hier sind zwei hufig gebrauchte Wendungen dafr: it is said/thought/believed was /reported/known/ rumoured that clause

It is believed that his father was a fugitive.

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