Ian McHarg: Design with Nature (1967)

Overlay Method for Site Analysis

Overlay Method for Site Analysis

Site Analysis for Land Planning

Planned Communities
Saltaire, England by Titus Salt, 1853

Planned Communities
Riverside, Illinois 1869 by Olmsted and Vaux

Planned Communities
Port Sunlight, England Lever Brothers, 1883

Ebenezer Howard and The City of To-morrow

Ebenezer Howard: Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898) and Garden Cities of Tomorrow (1902)

The Garden City Principles

1. Town-country concept: Populated center surrounded by large agricultural zone 2. Rail Transportation 3. Limited size: 6,000 acres, 1,000 acres for town of 30,000 people; 5,000 acres for countryside of 2,000 people

The Garden City Principles

4. Land held in trust and leased only 5. Control of planning 6. Wards of 5,000 people w/public school 7. Spaciousness; and 8. Industrial employment and strong economic base

Ebenezer Howards City of To-morrow was translated into the Garden City of Letchworth in 1903 by architects Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin. Louis de Soissons designed Welwyn Garden City in the mid-1920s.

Letchworth 1903 Garden City

Radburn 1926 Fair Lawn, NJ

Designed for the Motor Age

Designed for the Motor Age, But sensitive to Health, safety and well-being

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

This planned residential community was designed and built along the lines of an English Garden City during the 1930s on hillside property that was considered not developable. Within walking distance of transit to downtown Pittsburgh, Chatham Village continues to be a great place to live, providing residents with parks, footpaths, garden courts, recreational facilities, and a feeling of community.
The American Planning Association, 10 Great Neighborhoods in America
http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/chathamvillage.htm

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

Chatham Village Chatham Woods

A virtual nature preserve, the 25 acres of Chatham Wood contain oak trees estimated to exceed 200 years of age, as well as nature trails, a picnic area, streams, and footbridges.
The American Planning Association, 10 Great Neighborhoods in America

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

Designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, it was inspired by the traditional English village. Constructed in 1935 on 46 acres, it has a density of 14 units per acre.

Chatham Village: Private and Public Realms

Georgian revival row houses face onto private garden courts separated from the shared greensward.

Chatham Village: Private Entrances

Chatham Village: Common Gardens

Chatham Village: Consistent Style

Chatham Village: Parking Courts

Parking courts, enclosed by walls and hedges, establish shared space and reduce paving and the impact of the car.

Chatham Village: Accommodating Cars

Narrow tree-lined roads provide auto access from the rear. Those units with built-in garages are sited on slopes.

Chatham Village: Making Connections

Chatham Village, Pittsburgh, PA

As relevant today as when it was built.

Greenbelt, Maryland, 1937

Greenbelt, Maryland

Baldwin Hills Village, Los Angeles 1941

Reston, Virginia

Reston, Virginia

Lake Anne Town Center, Reston

Lake Anne Town Center, Reston

Lake Anne Town Center, Reston

Lake Anne Town Center, Reston

Reston Housing Clusters

Kentlands, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Kentlands, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Kentlands, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Kentlands, Gaithersburg, Maryland

Village Homes, Davis, California

Village Homes, Davis, California

Village Homes, Davis, California

Village Homes, Davis, California

The site plan for Village Homes emphasized solar access by orienting houses toward the southeast for maximum solar gain. Common areas served as the front yards while automobile access was limited to cul-de-sac streets. The large open green fields was used as public recreation ground and a unifying element.

Village Homes, Davis, California

Community vineyards were part of the sustainable agriculture concept. Drainage swales controlled runoff and provided much needed groundwater infiltration.