3G- UMTS

Compiled By Muhammad Farhan Lecturer Sirsyed university of Engg and Technology.

Compiled By Muhammad Farhan

Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS)

3G wireless networks succeeded GSM networks to move the wireless technologies from circuit-switched to wideband packet-based transmission. 3G standards in Europe are known as UMTS and are based on wideband CDMA that is defined by the third generation Partnership Project (3GPP) which was formed in 1998. UMTS specifies the bands 1900-2025 MHz and 21102200 MHz for 3G transmission. The satellite service uses the bands 1980-2010 MHz (uplink), and 2170-2200 MHz (downlink). This leaves the 1900-1980 MHz, 2010-2025 MHz, and 2110-2170 MHz bands for terrestrial UMTS. 2
Compiled By Muhammad Farhan

UMTS
3GPP is structured in five groups to prepare the technical specifications in five main standardisation areas: Radio Access Network (RAN) specifications, Core Network (CN) architectures, Terminal Equipments (TE), and Services and System Aspects (SA). The wideband CDMA delivers bit rates up to 384 kb/s for wide area coverage and as high as 2 Mb/s for indoor or fixed applications. There are 2 modes of operations for 3G networks. Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode

Compiled By Muhammad Farhan 10/11/2009

Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) Mode

FDD is the application of frequency-division multiplexing to separate transmitted and received signals. The uplink and downlink sub-bands are separated by certain spectrum offset. FDD is much more efficient in the case of symmetric traffic. Another advantage of FDD is that it makes radio planning easier and more efficient since base stations do not interfere with each other

Compiled By Muhammad Farhan

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Mode

TDD is the application of time-division multiplexing to separate Transmitted and received signals. TDD has a strong advantage in the asymmetry traffic of the uplink and downlink data speed is variable. TDD tends to waste bandwidth during switchover from transmit to receive, has greater inherent latency, and may require more circuitry. With TDD systems, care must be taken to keep guard bands between neighbouring base stations (which decreases spectral efficiency). TDD systems have to be synchronized so that base stations transmit and receive at the same time which increases network complexity and therefore cost.

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FDD/TDD MODE

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Spectrum Allocation for 3G Systems

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Basic 3G System Architecture

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) system consists of a number of network elements which can be grouped into sub-networks: UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) handles all wireless communications. Core network (CN) which carries out the switching, routing and connection to the external networks User equipment (UE) that interfaces the network with

the user.
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Basic 3G System Architecture

CS lu cs networks
PSTN, ISDN,

lu BC

UE UTRAN
lu ps

CN
Internet

Uu lu

IP networks
External networks

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User Equipment (UE)

USIM UE
cu

ME UE
Data and control

Control

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User equipment (UE)

The 3G user terminal consists of two elements: UMTS subscriber identity module (USIM) which contains a smartcard that holds the subscriber identity and stores the authentication and encryption keys where the subscriber is authenticated when requesting an access to the network. The Cu interface provides the necessary electrical interface between the smartcard (USIM) and the subscribers mobile equipment (ME). The open interface Uu provides access to the subscriber equipment (UE) to the fixed base station (Node B).

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3G UTRAN
The main characteristics of UTRAN are Supports to soft handoff, (a terminal is connected to the UMTS network via more than one active cell) and Provides upport to the WCDMA radio resource management. UTRAN supports a unique air interface that handles both packet-switched for/from external IP-networks and circuit-switched data from GSM network. The main transport protocol proposed in the initial UMTS release (Release 99) was the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), a high speed (up to 155 Mbps), but IP-based transport is added in latter releases.

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3G UTRAN
UTRAN consists of two different elements: Node B which is a term used by the 3GPP to define the base station transceiver system and provides the physical radio link between the user equipment and the network. Node B receives the subscriber data at Uu interface and presents the subscriber data at Iub interface. Radio Network Controller The other element is the Radio Network Controller (RNC) which controls the radio resources to Node B (base station) connected to it. Each RNC is connected to two or more Node Bs. The Iub interface connects a Node B and an RNC

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3G UTRAN Architecture

Node B RNC Node B

Iur

Iu cs

Node B RNC Node B Iub UTRAN lu

Iu ps

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3G UTRAN-CN Interface
The Iu interface connects UTRAN to CN.CN provides switching, routing and service control. Iu consists of a number of connections: one to connect UTRAN to circuit-switched networks such as PSTN and ISDN and the other to connect UTRAN to packet-switched networks such as the Internet. The third connection (Iu BC) (not shown) is to connect UTRAN to broadcast service.

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3G Core network (CN)

The core network functionalities cover mobility management issues: core network signalling; and interworking between core network and external networks. The initial launching of CN (release 99) was mainly based on GSM/GPRS. It provides connection to circuitswitched (CS) and packet-switched (PS) IP-based external networks and hence it covers the need for different traffic such as real time circuit -switched data and non-real time packet data.

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3G Core network (CN)

The CS domain contains the mobile switching centre (MSC) with the visiting location register (VLR), and the gateway MSC (GMSC). In addition the CN contains a home location register (HLR) The PS domain contains the serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN) which for the packet data covers similar functions as the MSC together with VLR functionality, the gate GPRS support node (GGSN).

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CN Release 99

Iucs

PSTN ISDN /

MSC/VLR

GMSC

HLR
Iups

IP networks
SGSN GGSN

CN

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Compiled By Muhammad Farhan