F90man Wrb01 en

Training Work Book
Femap
FEMAP
F90MAN-WRB01
F90MAN-WRB01
Copyright 2005 UGS Corp. Copyright 2005 Numerical Simulation Tech Co., Ltd. (NST)
Femap Training Book
Contents
1 Plate Modeling
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Model .........................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Step1: Geometry model creation................................................................................ 1-2 1.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................1-7 1.5 Step3: Create Mesh ....................................................................................................1-8 1.6 Step4: Check Model ................................................................................................. 1-10 1.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition................................................................................ 1-11 1.8 Step 6: Post-process ................................................................................................. 1-15
2 Workplane
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Feature of Workplane.................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Workplane Management ............................................................................................2-2 2.4 Exercise ......................................................................................................................2-3
3 Bracket Modeling
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Model .........................................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................3-3 3.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................3-9 3.5 Step3: Create Mesh .................................................................................................. 3-10 3.6 Step4: Check Model ................................................................................................. 3-14 3.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition................................................................................ 3-18
4 Group & Layer
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Group command.........................................................................................................4-1 4.3 Layer command..........................................................................................................4-1 4.4 Exercise ......................................................................................................................4-2
5 Element Reference
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Line Element ..............................................................................................................5-1 5.3 Plane Element.............................................................................................................5-3 5.4 Volume Elements ...................................................................................................... 5-5
6 Geometry Solid
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................6-1 6.2 Model .........................................................................................................................6-1 6.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................6-2
TOC-2
7 Tetrahedral Meshing
7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................7-1 7.2 Model .........................................................................................................................7-1 7.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................7-2 7.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................7-3 7.5 Step3: Create Mesh ....................................................................................................7-5 7.6 Step4: Check Model ...................................................................................................7-9
8 Hexahedral Meshing
8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................8-1 8.2 Model .........................................................................................................................8-1 8.3 Step1: Create geometry model ...................................................................................8-2 8.4 Step2: Define Material and Property..........................................................................8-5 8.5 Step3: Create Mesh ....................................................................................................8-6 8.6 Step4: Check Model ...................................................................................................8-9
9 Post Processing
9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................9-1 9.2 Step1: Prepare File .....................................................................................................9-2 9.3 Step2: General Post Process.......................................................................................9-2 9.4 Step3: Advanced Post Process ...................................................................................9-6
1Plate Modeling
1.1 Introduction
Femap has wide variety of modeling functions and commands from basic to advanced. In this example, You will learn basic model creation and post-process as the first step of Femap operation. This example is prepared for Femap beginner users, thus you will understand basic idea of Femap and be familiar with Femap operation.
1.2 Model
Create a rectangle plate with hole, which will be applied to linear static analysis. Material, property, boundary conditions, and element type of this model are listed below; Material and Property Youngs modules: E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poissons ratio: =0.3 Mass density:=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4 Thickness: t=1.0 mm Load and constraint conditions Apply constraints at right-side edge curve and loads as forced displacement at lest-side edge curve. Element type Plate
140mm
Forced Displacement 0.01mm
100mm
mm 40
X You must always use a consistent set of units when you develop your finite element model in the input file. The actual unit system you use doesn't matter. However, the unit system must agree with itself. In this example, Unit (mm, kg, sec) is used.
1-2
Plate Modeling
1.3 Step1: Geometry model creation

Create Rectangle from lines
Create a 140mm x 100mm rectangle from four lines. These four lines, which form a closed area, are applied to create a surface.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as first corner of rectangle. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (140.,100,0) as diagonally opposite corner of rectangle. Push [OK] button.
Now, four lines are created.
Adjust view
Apply [Autoscale] command to fit the entire model in your screen.
1. Select [View] - [Autoscale] - [Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).

V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Y Z X
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
On the screen, green line indicates curve and yellow mark indicates point. Yellow frame with ruler is workplane.
Most of geometry entity is created on the workplane. The workplane allows you to create two-dimensional geometry entity in a three-dimensional space. You can change locatation or direction of the workplane.
Create Circle
1-3
PLATE MODELING
Create Circle
Create a circle having a diameter of 40mm at center of the rectangle.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (70,50,0) as the center of the circle. Push [OK] button.
3. [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 20 as the radius of the circle. Push [OK] botton.
4. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Y Z X
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
Now, Framework of the plate with hole is created.
You can enter arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/) for numeric input since Femap automatically calculate the operations. For example, if you enter (140/2,100/2,0) into dialog and push [OK], Femap calculates automatically and save the location as (70,50,0)
1-4
Plate Modeling
Create Boundary Surface

Create a boundary surface, which is a region for creating mesh.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Boundary Surface] - [From Curves] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves on
closed boundary. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0. Y Z X
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
Yellow-green thick line is displayed. This closed region is boundary surface.
When you select femap command, [Entity Selection] dialog is frequently displayed. This dialog is used for selecting Femap eitities and there are a lot of methods to select. Try to use many methods.
Set Mesh Size
1-5
PLATE MODELING
Set Mesh Size

Next, set a mesh size along these curves. In this example, set a mesh size along the curve of the circle (A), the horizontal line (B), and the vertical line (C), respectively.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60.
50. 40. 30. 20. 10.
A
X 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
Y Z X
0.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size Along Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve A (You can pick the curve by using left
click of mouse). Push [OK] button.
3. [Mesh Size Along Curves] dialog is displayed. Enter 16 in [number of elements] box. Push
[OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Continuously setting mesh size along the line B
(these horizontal lines). Pick the curve B. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Mesh Size Along Curves] dialog is displayed. Enter 14 in [number of elements]
box. Select Biased. Enter 1.5 in Bias Factor box. Choose small elements at center. Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Continuously setting mesh size along the line C
(these vertical lines). Pick the curve C. Push [OK] button.
1-6
Plate Modeling
7. Again, [Mesh Size Along Curves] dialog is displayed. Enter 12 in [number of elements]
box. Select Biased. Enter 1.2 in Bias Factor box. Choose small elements at center. Push [OK] button.
V1
100. 90. 80. 70. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. Y 0.
0.
10.
20.
30. 40.
50. 60.
70.
80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
Check pitch of displayed . Every space on the circle between these marks is equal however every space on the horizontal line B between these marks is not equal. You use the bias of 1.5 to the line B for creating densest mesh at the center of the line. You can control mesh size by using this method. If you specify a bias of 0.5, the last element along that direction will be one half the size of the first element. Use a bias of 2 if you want the last element to be twice the size of the first element.
Define Material
1-7
PLATE MODELING
1.4 Step2: Define Material and Property

Next, define a material (physical property of material) and a property (information for elements).
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. [Define Isotropic Material] is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in
[Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the
command.
Define Property
Define a property as plate element type, which has 1mm thickness.
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. [Define Property] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title]. Choose
material created previously from drop down list. Enter 1 in [Thickness], 0.5 in [Top Fiber], and 0.5 in [Bottom Fiber]. Push [OK] button.
3. Again, [Define Property] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
1-8
Plate Modeling
1.5 Step3: Create Mesh

Create mesh on the surface using auto-meshing technique
1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. 2. Pick the boundary surface. Push [OK] button. 3. Choose the property created previously from drop down list. Turn off [Quick-Cut boundaries
with more than...]. Push [OK] buttom.
Turning [Quick-Cut] option on shortens the time required while usually having minimal impact on the overall mesh quality. If you want the best possible mesh, , turn this option off.
Now, nodes and elements are created. Regenerate view without displaying geometric entity and workplane (Refer next section). Green dot indicates node and white line shows shape of element.
V1
Y Z X
Turn On/Off entities using Quick Options
1-9
PLATE MODELING

1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Click [Quick Options] button.
3. [View Quick Options] dialog is displayed. Click [Geometry Off] and then push [Done] button.
4. Again, [View Options] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
Turn On/Off workplane

1. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command. 2. [Workplane Management] dialog is displayed. Turn on/off [Draw Workplane] check box.
Push [Done] button.
Redraw View
1. Select [Window] - [Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
1-10
Plate Modeling
1.6 Step4: Check Model

Checking model
When you create a mesh, the mesh should always be checked for coincident nodes, direction of plane element normal and element distortion. Depends on the results of mesh check, you need to modify mesh. In this example, mesh check is not performed.
Mesh connection check (or coincident nodes check)

[Free Edge]/[Free Face] in [View] - [Select] command [Tools] - [Check] - [Coincident Nodes] command Check whether model has point of mesh disconnection. When mesh size is same at the disconnection point, Merge the coincident nodes. When mesh size is not same at the point, need to modify mesh.
Direction of element normal check

[Tools] - [Check] - [Normals] command Check top or bottom of elements in model. When plate element or axisymmetric element is used in model, you need to unify top or bottom of elements in model. If top or bottom of elements does not match in model, it will cause problems in your analysis.
Element distortion check

[Tools] - [Check] - [Distortion] command Check quality of mesh which includes Aspect Ratio, Taper, Internal Angles and Warping. If quality of mesh is low, you need to modify mesh.
Femap has function used to renumber node ID or element ID. It will be useful, when solver you use has the limitation of the maximum ID number. When you use this function, select [Modify] - [Renumber] command.
Define Constraint Set
1-11
PLATE MODELING
1.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition

Boundary condition consists of load and constraint. In Femap, load and constraint are defined in each set. One load set and one constraint set are applied into one analysis. In this example, constraints are applied at the left-side edge and load, which is forced displacement of 0.01m to positive x-direction, is applied at the right-side edge. Constraint: TX, TZ and RY
Fully Fixed
Y Z X
Load: Forced displacement X-direction 0.01mm

1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [Set] command. 2. [Create or Active Constraint Set] dialog is displayed. Enter name (whatever you want) as
[Title]. Push [OK] button.
1-12
Plate Modeling
Define Constraint Conditions

1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [Nodal] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick 12 nodes at the left-side edge curve (except the
node on the center of the line). Push [OK] button.
3. [Create Nodal Constraints/DOF] dialog is displayed. Turn on check box [TX], [TZ] and [RY].
Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the node at the center of the left-side edge
curve. Push [OK].
5. Again, [Create Nodal Constraints/DOF] dialog is displayed. Click [Fixed] button and then
push [OK] button.
V1 C1
135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135
The number located under symbol of constraint condition shows DOF (Degree Of Freedom) of the node. 1, 2 and 3 indicate [TX], [TY] and [TZ], respectively. 4, 5 and 6 indicate [RX], [RY] and [RZ], respectively.
Define Load Set
1-13
PLATE MODELING
Define Load Set

1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [Set] command. 2. [Create or Active Load Set] dialog is displayed. Enter name (whatever you want) as [Title].
Push [OK] button.
Define Load Conditions

In this example, load is defined on geometry curve. Before carrying out analysis, the loading condition is expanded to nodes.
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [On Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick curve at the right-side edge of the model. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Create Loads on Curves] dialog is displayed. Choose [displacement] as load type. Turn on
check box [TX]. Turn off check box [TY] and [TZ]. Enter 0.01 into the box.
1-14
V1 L1 C1
Plate Modeling
135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Expand Load Condition

The defined load does not reflect to the mesh, because it is only defined on the geometry curve. Here, expand the load to reflect it to the mesh.
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [Expand] command. 2. [Expand Geometric Loads] dialog is displayed. Select [Expand] in [Operation]. Push [OK]
button.
If you use NASTRAN, you need to apply constraint of [TX] on the curve applied forced displacement. This is because that NASTRAN does not accept forced displacement without fixity of the direction, which accompanies with forced displacement.
Redraw View
1-15
PLATE MODELING
Redraw View
V1 L1 C1
0.01 135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
1.8 Step 6: Post-process

Here, you will learn Femap post-process (visualizing analysis results). In this example, the most basic post-process such as deformation display and contour display is prepared.
Open Model File

1. Select [File] - [Open] command. 2. [Open File] dialogue is displayed. Select Work_1_post.mod. Push [Open] button.
Display Deformation
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Deform] in [Deformed Style]. Click [Deformed and
Contour Data].
1-16
Plate Modeling
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Select [1..NX NASTRAN Case 1] in [Output Set] and [1..Total Translation] in [Deformation]. Push [OK] button.
4. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.

There is deformation display on the screen.
V1 L1 C1
135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135
1 0.01 1 1 0.01 1 1 0.01 1 1 0.01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.01 0.01
Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.01): Total Translation
Display Contour Plot

1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [None - Model Only] in [Deformed Style] and [Contour] in [Contour Style]. Click [Deformed and Contour Data].
Display Contour Vector
1-17
PLATE MODELING
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Select [1..NX NASTRAN Case 1] in [Output Set] and [7033..Plate Top VonMises Stress] in [Contour]. Push [OK] button.

There is contour display on the screen.
V1 L1 C1 3.887 3.665 3.444 135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y Z X 135 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.222 0.01 3.001 2.78 0.01 2.558 0.01 2.337 2.115 0.01 1.894 1.673 0.01 1.451 1.23 0.01 1.008 0.787 0.566 0.344
Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Contour: Plate Top VonMises Stress
Display Contour Vector

1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [None - Model Only] in [Deformed Style] and [Vector] in [Contour Style]. Click [Deformed and Contour Data].
1-18
Plate Modeling
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Push [Contour Vector] button.
4. [Contour Vector Options] dialog is displayed. Select [Standard Vectors] in [Vector Type],
[7026..Plate Top MajorPrn Stress] in [Vector 1] and [7027..Plate Top MinorPrn Stress] in [Vector 2]. Turn on [Element Diagonal Bisector] in [Output Relative to]. Push [OK] button.
5. Return to [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog. Push [OK] button. 6. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.
There is contour display on the screen.
V1 L1 C1 3.032 2.794 2.557 135 135 135 135 135 135 123456 135 135 135 135 135 Y 135 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.32 2.083 1.845 1.608 1.371 1.134 0.896 0.659 0.422 0.185 -0.0527 -0.29 -0.527 -0.764
Z X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 StdContourVec: Plate Top MajorPrn Stress, Plate Top MinorPrn Stress
2Workplane
2.1 Introduction
Femap has two-dimensional plane called workplane, which enables effective Femap operation. The workplane allows you to create two-dimensional geometry in three-dimensional space. The workplane is a user-defined plane in Femap on which the results of certain commands will be placed. The workplane becomes very important when generating geometry.
2.2 Feature of Workplane

The workplane is two-dimensional plane which you can locate and align anywhere in three-dimensional space. By default, the origin of the workplane is at the global origin and the plane is aligned with the Global XY plane. When you make a graphical selection, the screen location which you selected is projected along a vector normal to the screen onto the workplane. The resulting three-dimensional coordinates are located at the intersection of the projection vector and the workplane. When creating geometry, you have the option to work in 2-D or 3-D space. The geometry creation commands for the basic entities such as line, arc, circle, and spline are separated into two major sections, 2-D and 3-D. Each submenu for these creation commands are divided into a top section, which is 2-D, and a bottom section which is 3-D. When you use a command that is above the separator line in these Geometry commands, the entity will always be created in the workplane. Any coordinates you define, if not already in the workplane, will be projected onto the workplane. If your line is not drawn where you expected it to be, most likely it has been projected onto the workplane. All commands below the separator line perform operations in 3-D so your coordinate inputs will be used without modification.
2-2
Workplane
2.3 Workplane Management

When you want to make change of workplane definition, select [Tools] - [Workplane] command. Then [Workplane Management] dialog is displayed. Place, size and axes of workplane can be changed in this dialog. This dialog is divided into three section roughly such as (1)Define Plane, (2)Move Plane and (3)Origine and Axes.
Define Workplane
There are four commands to locate workplane in space,
1. Select Plane 2. Global Plane

Both the Select Plane and the Global Plane options use standard plane definition dialog box to define the model workplane. The only difference is the Global Plane method sets the default on the plane definition dialog box to that method.
3. On Surface
The On Surface method allows you to align the workplane to a particular surface.
4. Previous
The Previous method requires no input. It simply places the workplane at its last previous location.
Move Plane
The Move Plane methods allow you to define the location of the workplane by translating or rotating the current workplane with a location input respect to its current location. There are three available methods for this type of procedure,
1. Offset Distance
This method allows you to both translate and rotate the workplane with respect to its normal (Z direction).
2. Move to Point
The Move to Point method simply translates the workplane origin to a specified location.
3. Rotate
This method allows you to rotate the workplane around an arbitrary vector.
Origin and Axes

These commands do not change the "plane" associated with the workplane, but simply move the origin or the axes of the workplane within that plane. The first two commands move the origin (Offset Origin
Origin and Axes
2-3
and Move Origin), and the last two commands orient the X and Y axes (Align X Axis and Align Y Axis, respectively).
1. Offset Origin/ Move Origin

These two commands move the origin of the workplane. The offset origin method offsets the origin of the workplane from its current location. Only two inputs are required, X Offset and Y Offset. These offsets are in the workplane X and Y directions. Move Origin requires input of the location of the origin via the Standard Coordinate Definition Dialog box. You should typically select a location that is on the current workplane. If you do not, Femap will project this point onto the workplane, and the resulting origin may not be where you expected.
2. Align X Axis, Align Y Axis

These methods allow you to align the X axis or Y axis to a vector which you define through the standard coordinate definition dialog box. You should typically select a vector that is in the current workplane. If you do not, FEMAP will project this vector onto the workplane, and the resulting axis may not be where you expected.
WORKPLANE
2.4 Exercise
You will learn basic idea of workplane through creating a model shown below;
V1
Circle 1
Circle 2
Z Y X
Circle 0
2-4
Workplane
Model Creation
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Primitives] command. Push [OK] button as default setting. 2. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Push [Dimetric] button.
3. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command for creating circle 1. [Locate] dialog
is displayed. Enter (0,0,1) (Try to create a circle on the top surface of the cube). Push [OK] button and then [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 0.2 as radius. Push [OK] button. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
4. Where is the circle created? According to the inputted location, it must be on the workplane
(yellow framed surface on the screen) not on the top surface of the cube. You will prove that when a command that is above the separator line in these Geometry commands is selected, the entity will always be created in the workplane.
V1
Base Point 2 Point 1

0.3 0.4 0.5 Y
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.
0.1
0.2
Z Y X
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
0. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
5. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command or push [CTRL]+[W] button for viewing [Workplane
Management] dialog. Select [Select Plane] in [Define Plane]. Click right button of mouse and choose [Snap to Point]. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Choose three points as the points in the figure shown above, orderly. Push [OK] button and then the workplane might be located on the top surface of the cube.
6. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command for creating circle 1. [Locate] dialog
is displayed and enter (0,0,0) (Try to create a circle on the top surface of the cube). Push [OK] button and then [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 0.2 and push [OK] button. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
You can create Circle 1. Create geometry by using workplane into three-dimensional space.
Try to create Circle 2.
3Bracket Modeling
3.1 Introduction
This example is more advanced plate modeling than Chapter 1. You will learn plate element modeling in 3-dimensional through conducting this example.
3.2 Model
Create a Bracket model. Now you will model 1/4 of the bracket (light color portion in the figure), because of consideration that is symmetry of model shape and boundary condition.
R=15
R=3
=10 h=15 45
14
20
Material and Property Youngs modules : E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poisson ratio : =0.3 Mass density :=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4 Thickness : t=1.0 mm
3-2
Bracket Modeling
Load and constraint conditions
Apply constraints at the axisymmetric line and the edge curve of circle. Apply force at the right side edge curve in the figure. Element type Plate Define Force Fy
V1
X-axisymmetric line
Cylinder
Z-axisymmetric line Fixed along edge of circle Plate
Create Cross-section of Plane part by Using Lines
3-3
3.3 Step1: Create geometry model

Create shape of the model viewed from Z-axis by using curves as shown in the figure.
(0,15,0)
End point of arc
Arc(Parts of Cylinder)
Fillet (Part of Cylinder)

radius of Fillet, 3
90 (0,0,0)
Start point of line Center of Arc
Line (Part of Plane)

End point of line
(15,0,0)
Start Point of Arc
(45,0,0)
Create Cross-section of Plane part by Using Lines

1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Line] - [Project Points] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as the first location for projected line. Push [OK]
button.
BRACKET MODELING
3. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (45,0,0) as second location for projected line. Push
[OK] button.
Adjust view
1. Select [View]-[Autoscale]-[Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).
Create Cross-section of Arc (part of cylinder)

1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Arc] - [Angle-Center-Start] command. 2. Click on right button of mouse and then select [Snap to Point]. 3. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Pick the point on right-side edge of the line (locate (0,0,0)) as
center of arc. Push [OK] button.
3-4
Bracket Modeling
4. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (15,0,0) as start of arc. Push [OK] button.
5. [Included Angle] dialog is displayed. Enter 90. Push [OK] button.
Create Cross-section of Arc (part of cylinder)

1. Continuously, create fillet between the arc and the line. 2. Select [Modify] - [Fillet] command. 3. Click on right button of mouse and then select [Snap to Screen]. 4. [Fillet Curves] dialog is displayed. Pick the Curve 1 and 2 and enter 3 as radius. Push [OK]
button.
Select curves by picking on Center near point
5. Again, [Fillet Curves] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Adjust view
3-5
Adjust view
V1
15. 12.5 10. 7.5 5. 2.5 0.
X 0. 2.5 5. 7.5 10. 12.5 15. 17.5 20. 22.5 25. 27.5 30. 32.5 35. 37.5 40. 42.5 45.
Y Z X
On the screen, green color line indicates curve and yellow mark indicates point. yellow frame with ruler is the workplane.
Rotate Model
BRACKET MODELING
Move view point and workplane for creating surface of plane part.
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Isometric] and then push [OK] button.
Create Geometry Surface by Extruding Cross-section Curves

V1 15. 12.5 10. 7.5 5. 2.5 0. 0. Y
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5 15. 17.5 20. 22.5 25. 27.5 30. 32.5 35. 37.5 X 40. 42.5 45.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Surface] - [Extrude] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3-6
Bracket Modeling
3. [Vector Locate] dialogue is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as Base and (0,0,-10) as Tip. Push [OK]
button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialogue is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Adjust view
Move Workplane
1. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command 2. [Workplane Management] dialog is displayed. Click on [Select Plane],
3. [Plane Location] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) in Base, (1,0,0) in Point 1and (0,0,-1) in
Point 2. Push [OK] button.
Redraw View
V1
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
10.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5
15. 17.5
20. 22.5
25. 27.5
30. 32.5
1
35. 37.5 40. 42.5 X 45.
Create Curve for Semicircle
3-7
Create Curve for Semicircle

1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve - Circle] - [Center] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Change to [Snap to Point] mode and pick the point (Point 1 in
last figure). Put -14 after X-value. Push [OK] button.
3. Enter 5 as radius. Push [OK] button.
Project curves onto Surface

1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-From Surface] - [Update Surfaces] command. 2. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-From Surface] - [Project] commands. 3. Pick rectangle surface as projection surface. Push [OK] button.
BRACKET MODELING
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
12.5 10.
15.
2.5
Projection Surface
5. 7.5 10. 12.5 15. 17.5
Curve of Circle
20. 22.5 25. 27.5
Y Z X
30. 32.5
35. 37.5
40. 42.5
X 45.
4. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve of the circle as curves to project onto.
Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Select Surface] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
3-8
Bracket Modeling
Delete Surface
1. Select [Delete] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the semicircle shape surface inside the rectangle
surface. Push [OK] button.
3. [Confirm Delete] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
Redraw View
V1
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
12.5 10.
15.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5
15. 17.5
20. 22.5
25. 27.5
30. 32.5
35. 37.5
40. 42.5
X 45.
Define Material
3-9

Next, Define material (physical property of material) and property (information for elements).
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
command.
BRACKET MODELING
Define Property
Define a property as plate element type, which has 1mm thickness.
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title]. Choose the material created previously from drop
down list, enter 1 in [Thickness], 0.5 in [Top Fiber] and enter -0.5 in [Bottom Fiber]. Push [OK] button
3. Again, [Define Property] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
3-10
Bracket Modeling

Define Mapped Mesh
Mapped mesh is lattice shape mesh, which is projected onto surface or volume. Shape of each mesh depends on meshing technique (Free mesh or mapped mesh), though the mesh is created onto same shape surface.
Free mesh Now, Define mesh approach on surface.
Mapped mesh
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Mesh Approach on Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the surface with semicircle hole. Push [OK]
button.
3. [Surface Mesh Approach] dialogue is displayed. Select [Mapped - Four Corner] in [Mesher].
Pick four points shown in below. Push [OK] button.
0. 0.
2.5
5.
7.5
12.5 10.
15.
2.5
5.
7.5
10. 12.5
15. 17.5 20. 22.5 25. 27.5
30. 32.5
35. 37.5
40. 42.5
X 45.
4. Again, [Entity Creation] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Set Mesh Size
3-11
Set Mesh Size

Next, setting mesh size along the curves.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size On Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Enter 3 in [Min Elements on Edge] for increasing in mesh size along curve shorter than [Element Size]. Leave other options as default. Push [OK] button.
Create mesh
BRACKET MODELING 1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. Choose the property created previously from drop down list. Push [OK] buttom.
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Bracket Modeling
Now, nodes and elements are created. Regenerate view without displaying geometry entity and workplane (Refer next section). Green dot indicates node and white line shows shape of element.
V1

1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Click [Quick Options]
3-13

Push [Done] button.[
BRACKET MODELING
Redraw View
3-14
Bracket Modeling

When you create a mesh, the model should always be checked for mesh disconnection, direction of plane element normal and element distortion. Depends on the results of mesh check, you need to modify the mesh.
Check for mesh disconnection

At the first, check mesh disconnection by displaying [Free Edge]. [Free Edge] is edges which do not join to another element. There are coincident nodes in model when Free Edge is displayed. At this time, these nodes should be merged.
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Free Edge] in [Model Style]. Push [OK] button.
V1
Merge Nodes (Optional)
3-15
When the display is like the figure shown above, there is no problem in the model. However if the this display is like the figure shown below, merging nodes is necessary because there are coincident nodes.
V1
Merge Nodes (Optional)

1. Select [Tools] - [Check] - [Coincident Nodes] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
BRACKET MODELING
3. [Check/Merge Coincident] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Merge Coincident Entities] in

[Options] and then push [OK] button.
Results of merging nodes is listed in message window.
3-16
Bracket Modeling
Check direction of plane element normal

Plate element has top and bottom of element. It is better to unify top and bottom of elements with adjacent elements because results are identified by top and bottom. The results at plate top and bottom are displayed respectively in post-process. Thus, check and modify top and bottom of element.
1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Select [Labels, Entities and Color] in [Category], [Element-Directions] in [Options] and [Normal Vectors] in [Normal Style]. Turn on [Show Direction]. Push [OK] button.
V1
Direction of allows indicates top of the elements. The directions of the element do not match. Now, modify direction of plate element normal.
1. Select [Tools] - [Check] - [Normals] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
Check direction of plane element normal
3-17
3. [Check Element Normals] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Update/Reverse Element Normals]

and [Specify Normal Vector] check box.
4. [Vector Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) as base and (0,1,0) as tip. Push [OK] button. It is accomplished that all the direction of plate element normal match direction of positive Y-axis.
V1
BRACKET MODELING
3-18
Bracket Modeling
3.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition

Boundary condition consists of load and constraint. In Femap, load and constraint are defined in each set. One load set and one constraint set are applied into one analysis. In this example, constraint conditions and load conditions are show in the figure,
V1 L1 C1
Load (Force): along Y-axis
Constraint: TX, TZ, and all rotation
Constraint: TZ and X,Y rotation Constraint: TX, and Y,Z rotation
Constraint: Fixed (along curve of circle)
Rotate Model
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Back] and then push [OK] button.

1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [Set] command. 2. [Create or Active Constraint Set] dialog is displayed. Enter name (whatever you want) in
[Title]. Push [OK] button.
3-19

In this example, constraint conditions are applied onto geometry curve. They are expanded into nodes.
1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [On Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the geometry curve at left-side edge. Push [OK]
button.
3. [Create Constraints on Geometry] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Arbitrary in CSys] in

[Advanced Types], select [0..Basic Rectangular] and turn on check box [TX], [RY] and [RZ]. Push [OK] button
BRACKET MODELING
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick four geometry curves at the top edge. Push
[OK].
156
156
3-20
Bracket Modeling
5. [Create Constraints on Geometry] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Arbitrary in CSys] in

[Advanced Types], select [0..Basic Rectangular] and turn on check box [TZ], [RX] and [RY]. Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve along the circle and then push
[OK] button.
7. [Create Constraints on Geometry] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Fixed] in [Standard Types].

Push [OK] button.
Rotate Model
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Isometric] and then push [OK] button.
3-21

These constraint conditions do not reflect to the mesh, because they are only defined on the curve. Here expand these constraint conditions to reflect them to the mesh.
1. Select [Model] - [Constraint] - [Expand] command. 2. [Expand Geometric Constraints] dialog is displayed. Select [Expand] in [Operation]. Push
[OK] button.
Define Load Set

1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [Set] command. 2. [Create or Active Load Set] dialog is displayed. Enter name (whatever you want) in [Title].
Push [OK] button.
BRACKET MODELING
3-22
Bracket Modeling
Define Load Conditions

In this example, load is defined on geometry curve. Before carrying out analysis, the loading condition is expanded to nodes.
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [On Curve] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the curve at the left-side edge of the model. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Create Loads on Curves] dialog is displayed. Choose [Force] as loading type. Turn on
check box [FY], turn off check box [FX] and [FY] and enter 1 into the box.
These loads applied here are 1/4 of the actual loads, because the model is 1/4 of full model.
Adjust view
V1 L1 C1 1.
13456 156 345 156 345 156 156 345 156 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 345 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 345 345 345
3-23

These loads conditions do not reflect to the mesh, because they are only defined on the curve. Here expand these load conditions to reflect them to the mesh.
1. Select [Model] - [Load] - [Expand] command. 2. [Expand Geometric Loads] dialog is displayed. Select [Expand] in [Operation]. Push [OK]
button.
Redraw View
V1 L1 C1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
BRACKET MODELING
13456 156 345 156 345 156 156 345 156 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 345 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 345 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 123456 345 345 345
3-24
Bracket Modeling
4Group & Layer

4.1 Introduction
Femap has Group and Layer command, which enable Femap users to view portion of model, for effective operation. By using groups and layers, you can divide your model into smaller, more manageable, discrete pieces. These pieces can be used to minimize the amount of information presented in the view window. Groups and layers also make it easier to manipulate, update, and apply loads to your model. You will learn what is Group and Layer and How to use them in modeling process through this example.
4.2 Group command

Characteristic of Group command is listed below;
1. Femap entities can be exist in multiple groups. 2. Only one group can be displayed at a time. 3. Grouped model can be displayed in post-process with output.
This command is mainly used after creating model. Group command makes identifying specific entities very easy to isolate portions of a finite element model that are numbered in such a manner. You may also easily group elements using a particular property or material.
4.3 Layer command

Characteristic of Layer command is listed below;
1. Femap entities must belong a layer. 2. Any combination of layers can be displayed at a time.
This command is mainly use during creating model. Layers are designed similar to layering in most CAD systems. The name layer comes from the clear sheet of paper analogy for CAD layering, where all the entities associated with a given layer would be drawn on a clear sheet of paper, and only the "active" clear sheets being overlaid would produce a visual image.
4-2
Group & Layer
4.4 Exercise
You will learn basic idea of group and layer through creating a model shown below;
V1
Z Y X
Geometry Creation
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Line] - [Rectangle] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0). Push [OK] button. Continuously, [Locate] dialog is
displayed. Enter (1,1,0).
3. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Center] command. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter

(0.5,0.5,0). [Radius of Circle] dialog is displayed. Enter 0.2. Push [OK] button.
4. Select [Geometry] - [Boundary Surface] - [From Curves] command. [Entity Selection] dialog
is displayed. Click [Select All] and then push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Entity Selection] dialogue is displayed. Choose the circle curve created in 2. Push
[OK] button.
6. Again, [Entity Selection] dialogue is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Now finish preparing geometry for creating mesh.
Mesh Creation
4-3
Mesh Creation
Before creating mesh, define Material and Property. One Solid element and One Plot Only element are defined. Process of defining Material and Property. Try to define them.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Surface] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Select All] button.
2. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button as default setting. 3. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command. 4. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Surface] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push
[Select All] button and then push [OK] button.
5. [Automesh Surfaces] dialog is displayed. Choose the property setting as Plot Only element
in [Property]. Push [OK] button. Now, dummy plane elements are created.
V1
0.95 1. Y 0.850.9 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0. 0. 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1. Z Y X
Create solid elements, which composes cube shape, by extruding plane element.
6. Select [Mesh] - [Extrude] - [Element] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select
[Select All] and then push [OK] button.
WORKPLANE
7. [Generation Options] dialog is displayed. Choose a property setting as Solid element in

[Property]. Enter 5 in [Elements along Length] and turn on [Delete Original Elements]. Push [OK] button.
8. [Vector Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) in [Base] and (0,0,-1) in [Tip]. Push [OK]
button. [Confirm Delete] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
4-4
Group & Layer
V1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.8
0.9
1.
0.
0.1
0.2
0.3
0. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
1.
Z Y X
Now, mesh, of which the cube is consist, is created. Next, create mesh, which shape cylinder, by extruding the boundary surface defined on the circle. Group nodes, which are located on the circle, for a process later on carried out.
Group setting
1. Select [Group] - [Set] command. 2. [Create or Activate Group] dialogue is displayed. Enter a name (whatever you want). Push
[OK] button.
3. Select [Group] - [Node] - [On Surface] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed.
Choose the boundary surface defined on the circle. Push [OK] button.
The Nodes located on the circle is grouped. View the group to check that the group is properly created.
Layer setting
4-5
4. Select [View] - [Select] command. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Push [Model Data] button. [Select Model Data for View] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Select] in [Group] and choose the group previously created.
You may see several nodes on the screen. View all model.
Layer setting
Next, create a new layer and create new entities on the layer.
1. Select [View] - [Layers] command. [Layer Management] dialog is displayed. Push [New
Layer] button.
2. [Create Layer] dialog is displayed. Enter 2 as [ID] and name as [Title]. Push [OK] button.
Again, [Layer Management] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
Entities created from now belong to the new layer. Create Plot Only plane elements on the circle, and Solid elements by extruding these Plot Only elements.
WORKPLANE
3. Select [Mesh] - [Edge Members] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push
[Select All] button. [Select Property for Edge Members] dialog is displayed. Choose the property defined as Plot Only element. Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Choose the group previously created in [Group]
and then push [More] button. Push [OK] button. Now, Plot Only elements are created. View the layer created previously.
5. Select [View] - [Layers] command. [Layer Management] dialog is displayed. Check on

[Show Visible Layers Only]. Choose the new layer from [Hidden Layers]. Push [Show] button and then push [OK] button.
4-6
Group & Layer
Only plane elements are displayed. and then extrude them.
6. Select [Mesh] - [Extrude] - [Element] command. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick
these elements by using mouse (do not use [Select All]). Push [OK] button.
7. [Generation Options] dialog is displayed. Choose the property set as Solid element in [Property]. Enter 3 in [Elements along Length]. Turn on [Delete Original Elements]. Push [OK] button.
8. [Vector Locate] dialog is displayed. Enter (0,0,0) in [Base] and (0,0,1) in [Tip]. Push [OK] button. [Confirm Delete] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
5Element Reference
5.1 Introduction
Femap has wide variety of element types to create advanced finite element model in the Femap element library. This descriptions are given for the some element types define typical characteristics of the elements as they are translated to various analysis programs. Check your analysis program documentation for additional capabilities or limitations of each element type in that program. There are explanation for Bar, Plate, Axisymmetic and Solid elements, which are frequently used in general finite element modeling.
5.2 Line Element

All line element types (Rod, Bar, Tube, Link, Beam, Spring, DOF Spring, Curved Beam, Gap, and Plot) connect two node points. Proper choice of the type depends on the structural behavior that you want to simulate. For the bar, beam, and curved beam however, you will see a more complex dialog box. This dialog also requires two nodes, but lets you define element offsets, orientation and releases.
Bar Element
Description
Uniaxial element with tension, compression, torsion, and bending capabilities. This setting of bar element is simpler than that of beam element. The figure at the end of Bar
this section, defines both element types. Femap translates both types to the same element type for some analysis programs. .
Application
Used to model general beam/frame structures.
Shape
Line, connecting two nodes. A third node can be specified to orient the element Y axis.
Element Coordinate System

The element X axis goes from the first node to the second. The element Y axis is perpendicular to the element X axis. It points from the first node toward the orientation (or third) node. If you use an
5-2
Element Reference
orientation vector, the Y axis points from the first node in the direction of the orientation vector. The element Z axis is determined from the cross product of the element X and Y axes.
Properties
Area, Moments of Inertia (I1, I2, I12), Torsional Constant, Shear Areas (Y, Z), Nonstructural Mass/ Length, Stress Recovery Locations. All required input properties for this element can be automatically calculated for standard or arbitrary shapes by using the Femap beam property section generator (accessed under Model, Property, Shape). The Shear Areas calculated by the beam property section generator and the input to Femap are the effective areas for shearing, not a shear factor. If you are inputting values directly and have a shear factor, simply multiple it by the actual area to obtain the shear area.
Xe
Plane2 XZ
Ze
B
Nby
Nbz
Sh
Offset B
2 Ye
ea rC
Ne
en te r
ut ra
lA
x is
Cz A
Naz
Plane1 XY Third Node, or Orientation Vector

Cy
Nay
Offset A
1
Bar/Beam Element
5-3
5.3 Plane Element
Plane element is used to represent membrane, shell, and plate structures. They all follow the same shape and numbering conventions. The simplest formulation of these elements are just a three-noded triangle and a four-noded quadrilateral. In addition, six-noded "parabolic" triangles and eight-noded "parabolic" quadrilaterals are also available.
3 Ye Xm 1 Xe 2 1 4 Ye 6 Xm 5 Xe 2 3
Linear Triangle
3 4 Xm
Paraboric Triangle
4 8 7 Xm 3 6
Ye
Ye
Xe 2 1 5
Xe 2
Linear Quadrilateral
Parabolic Quadrilateral
In most cases, loads on plane elements will be applied to face 1. In this case positive pressure acts in the same direction as the face normal (as determined by the right-hand rule). Conversely, if loads are applied to face 2, their positive direction will be opposite to the face normal. Therefore a positive pressure on face 2 is equivalent to a negative pressure on face 1. If you need to apply edge loads, they can be applied to faces 3 through 6 as shown. Their positive direction is inward, toward the element center.
F5 4 F6 1 F3 2 3
F1&2
F4
Triangular elements do not have a fece 6.
Whenever possible, you should try to use elements which closely resemble equilateral triangles or squares. These shapes will usually result in the best analysis accuracy. Consult your analysis program documentation for specific shape limitations of that program.
ELEMENT REFERENCE
5-4
Element Reference
Plate Element
Description
A combined planar shell element. This element typically resists membrane (inplane), shear, and bending forces. Some analysis programs also include transverse (through the thickness of the element) capabilities. Plate
Application
Any structure which is comprised of thin plates/shells.
Shape
Planar, three-noded triangle, four-noded quadrilateral, six-noded triangle, eight-noded quadrilateral. Some shapes are not available for all analysis programs.

Refer to the figure in Section 5.3, "Plane Elements". The material angle can be used to rotate the element X axis.
Properties
Thickness (average, or varying at each corner), Nonstructural mass/area, Bending Stiffness parameter (Nastran only), Transverse shear/Membrane thickness (Nastran only), Bending, Shear and MembraneBending Coupling Materials (Nastran only), Fiber distances for stress recovery.
Additional Notes
Many analysis programs do not support tapered plate elements. You can always specify a single thickness for all corners simply by entering the average thickness.
5-5
5.4 Volume Elements
These elements are all used to model three-dimensional solid structures. They can provide very detailed results, but usually require additional modeling and analysis time and effort. 360 Axisymmetric Solid
Axisymmetric Element
Description
3 Ye Xm 1 Xe 2 1 4 Ye 6 Xm 5 Xe 2 3
Linear Triangle
3 4 Xm
Paraboric Triangle
4 8 7 Xm 3 6
Ye
Ye
Xe 2 1 5
Xe 2
Linear Quadrilateral
Parabolic Quadrilateral
The axisymmetric element is two-dimensional element used to represent volumes of revolution. Before using axisymmetric elements, it is very important to consult your analysis documentation. Most analysis programs require you to construct your model in a specific global plane.
Application
Modeling of axisymmetric solid structures with axisymmetric constraints and loading.
Shape
Drawn as planar, but really represent axisymmetric rings. Three-noded triangle, four-noded quadrilateral, six-noded triangle, eight-noded quadrilateral. Some shapes are not available for all analysis programs.

See the figure above (in this section). The material angle can be used to rotate the element X axis. Note the differences between the axisymmetric element coordinate angles and those for the plane elements. In this case, the angles are from a global axis, not from the first side of the element.
ELEMENT REFERENCE
5-6
Element Reference
Solid Element
Description
A three-dimensional solid element.
Application
Modeling of any three-dimensional structure.
Shape
Four-noded tetrahedron, six-noded wedge, eight-noded brick (hexahedron), ten-noded tetrahedron, fifteen-noded wedge, and twenty-noded brick. Some shapes are not available for all analysis programs.

Can be aligned based on the node locations or aligned to a coordinate system. Check your analysis program documentation for supported options.
Properties
Material axes, integration order (not all programs).
Additional Notes
If you want to apply pressure loads to solid elements, you must specify a face number. The previous and following figures, show the face numbers (F1 through F6, in the circles) for each element shape. Positive pressure is always directed inward, toward the center of the element.
8 F2 5 F6 4 F3 F1 1 Zm Ym Xm 2 F5 6 F4 7
Linear Tetrahedron
F3
4 20 5
8 F2
19
Parabolic Tetrahedron 4
10 9
3 3
F4
F2 2
F1 1 5
16 17 F5 6 F6 F4 4 F3 11 3 13 12 14 F1 10 1 9 6 Zm Ym Xm 12 3 2
18 15
Linear Hexahedron
6 F2 F5 F4 4 F3 2 F1
Parabolic Hexahedron
14 15 F2 5
F3 8 F4 F2 2 6 F1 5 7 1
Positive pressure on solid 3 elements acts inward, toward center of element.
13 11 F4 4 F3 F5 8 10 2 9 F1 1 7
1 Linear Wedge
Parabolic Wedge
Linear Solid Element
Parabolic Solid Element
6Geometry Solid
6.1 Introduction
In this example, perform basic solid model creation. You will learn how to create geometry solid and how to modify it through this example. In later chapter, you will perform solid mesh creation using this solid.
6.2 Model
Create geometry solid shown in the figure.
18 r=7 18 100 18 120
80
r=20
Size
Unit: mm
In this example, the requested shape is shaved off from a simple shape (block). This method is not the only way to create the geometry solid, so you can try other way to create geometry solid.
6-2
Geometry Solid

Create Base Solid
At first, create a base solid (block) to shave off.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Primitives] command. 2. [Solid Primitives] dialog is displayed. Enter Solid_1 as [Title]. Enter 120, 100 and 80 as
[X], [Y] and [Z], respectively. Push [OK] button.
Rotate Model
1. Select [View] - [Rotate] - [Model] command. 2. [View Rotate] dialog is displayed. Click [Dimetric] and then push [OK] button.
Adjust view
Apply [Autoscale] command to fit the entire model in the window.
1. Select [View] - [Autoscale] - [Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>)
Change view options

1. Click --- and then select [Solid].
Create Fillet
6-3
GEOMETRY SOLID
Create Fillet
Create fillet on edge of solid.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Fillet] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick two curves (Specified in figure). Push [OK] button.
Picked Curves
3. [Fillet Solid Edges] dialog is displayed. Enter 40 as [Radius]. Push [OK] button.
The filleted solid is shown below,
6-4
Geometry Solid
Pierce Surfaces
Create shelled solid.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Shell] command. 2. [Select Base Solid] dialog is displayed. Select Solid_1 previously created. Push [OK] button. [
3. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select four surfaces (specified figure]. Push [OK] button. Surface1 Surface7
Surface8 Surface5
4. [Solid Shelling] dialog is displayed. Enter 18 as [Thickness]. Push [OK] button.
The shelled solid is shown below,
Remove a cylinder solid made by extruding a circular surface from the solid. At first, move workplane onto the lateral surface of the solid. Create a circle onto the workplane. Define a boundary surface by using the circle. Extrude the boundary surface to remove it from the solid.
Move Workplane
6-5
GEOMETRY SOLID
Move Workplane
1. Select [Tools] - [Workplane] command. 2. [Workplane Management] dialog is displayed. Click [On Surface],
3. [Plane Normal to Surface] dialog is displayed. Select [On Surface], [At point] and [Axis Point]
as like shown below, Select as [On Surface]
Select as [At Point]
Select as [Axis Point]
Redraw View
6-6
Geometry Solid
Create circle for hole

Create a circle onto the workplane to extrude.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Curve-Circle] - [Radius] command. 2. [Locate] dialog is displayed. Click [Method] and then select [Between] from lists. 3. Click on right button of mouse and then select [Snap to Point]. 4. Pick two points as shown below and then check that [% From Pt1] is 50. Push [OK] button.
Select as Point 1 and 2.
5. Again, [Locate] dialog is displayed. Pick two points same as process 4. Enter 25 or 75
into [% From Pt1]. Push [OK] button.
Create Boundary Surface

1. Select [Geometry] - [Boundary Surface] - [From Curves] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the circle previously created. Push [OK] button. 3. Again, [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Create Hole generated by Extruding Boundary Surface
6-7
GEOMETRY SOLID
Create Hole generated by Extruding Boundary Surface

1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Extrude] command. 2. [Extrusion Options] dialog is displayed. Choose [Remove-Hole] in [Material], [Negative] in
[Direction] and [Thru All] in [Length]. Push [OK] button.
The direction of extrusion is very important. Extrude the surface toward the direction, which the geometry solid exist in this case. If you extrude wrong direction, Hole is not created.
6-8
Geometry Solid
Create Fillet
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Fillet] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick two curves shown below. Push [OK] button.
Picked Curves
3. [Fillet Solid Edges] dialog is displayed. Enter 7 as [Radius]. Push [OK] button.
The filleted model is shown below.
Geometry creation is completed.
7Tetrahedral Meshing
7.1 Introduction
In this example, you will learn how to create tetrahedral mesh from geometry solid and how to set multiple materials in one model.
7.2 Model
Create tetrahedral mesh, which has different properties. Geometry needs to be sliced into several parts to define different properties.
Property 1 Solid a Property 2
Solid b
Solid c
Geometry solid Finite element model

The space is intendedly shown to be seen easily in the figure of geometry solid. Material A Youngs modules : E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poisson ratio : =0.3 Mass density :=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4 Material B Youngs modules : E=7.3 103 kgf/mm2 Poisson ratio : =0.31 Mass density :=3.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4
7-2
Tetrahedral Meshing

In this chapter, geometry is imported. The prepared geometry format is Parasolid format. Select [File] - [Import] - [Geometry] command and then select file GEOMETRY_3.X_T. Check that Geometry Scale Factor is 1000.
Slice Geometry Solid

Now, the geometry needs to be divided into several parts to define different materials.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Slice] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the solid. Push [OK] button. 3. Click on right button of mouse and then select [Snap to Point]. 4. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Click three points on the edge of the fillet (shown below).
Push [OK] button. Base Point 1
Point 2

Push [Done] button.[
Redraw View
Define Material
7-3

Next, define two material (physical property of material) and two properties (see information for elements).
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
TETRAHEDRAL MESH 3. Again, [Define Isotropic Material] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you want) in
[Title], 7300 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.31 in [Poissons Ratio, ru] and 3e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
command.
7-4
Tetrahedral Meshing
Define Property
Define two properties as solid element type for two materials defined previously.
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. [Define Property-PLATE element Type] dialog is displayed. Click [Elem/Property Type] button.
3. [Element / Property Type] dialog is displayed. Select [Solid] in [Volume Elements]. Push
[OK] button.
4. [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you
want) in [Title]. Choose the material created as Material_1 from drop down list box. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever
you want) in [Title]. Choose the material created as Material_2 from drop down list box. Click [Palette] button and then select color (whatever you like). Push [OK] button.
6. Again, [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for
finish the command.
Define Mesh Size
7-5

Define Mesh Size
Now, define mesh size on solid. Through operation in this section, you will know that adjacent surfaces matches automatically for mesh creation.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solid. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Adjacent Surface Matching] is
turned on. Push [OK] button.
TETRAHEDRAL MESH
Color of solid turns into transparent blue. Linked surfaces do not become transparent. Linked surface : opaque
The transparent blue indicates that mesh sized solid is possible to create tetrahedral mesh and the opaque surface indicates linked surface. Information about linkage of surface is listed in Message.
7-6
Tetrahedral Meshing
Set Mesh Attributes

Before creating mesh, define property on the geometry solid. This operation is convenient to create mesh on solids which have different properties. Property_1 Solid a Property_2
Solid b
Solid c
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Attributes on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick Solid . Push [OK] button. 3. [Select Mesh Property] dialog is displayed. Select the property defined as Material_1. Push
[OK] button.
4. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick Solid b and Solid c. Push [OK] button. 5. [Select Mesh Property] dialog is displayed. Select the property defined as Material_2. Push
[OK] button.
Create mesh
1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. Message [OK to Update Mesh Sizes?] is shown. Push [No] button. 4. [Automesh Solids] dialog is displayed. Check that [Property] list box is [0..Use Meshing
Attributes]. Enter 1 into [Tet Growth Ratio] box. Push [OK] button.

Now, nodes and elements are created.
7-7
TETRAHEDRAL MESH

7-8
Tetrahedral Meshing
In this example, multiple materials are applied into the model. Now, check that each material is reflected to the mesh.
1. Select [View Options] command. 2. Select [Labels, Entities and Color] in [Category], [Element] in [Options], and [3..Property Colors] or [4..Material Colors] in [Color Mode]. Push [OK] button.
[Property Color] display
[Material Color] display Now You can see different colors on different materials or properties.
7-9

When you create a mesh, the model should always be checked for disconnection mesh and element distortion. Depends on the results of mesh check, you need to modify mesh.

TETRAHEDRAL MESH
Mesh disconnection
Z Y X
You can see that there are coincident nodes or mesh disconnections in this model according to the display. Thus you need to carry out merging nodes.
7-10
Tetrahedral Meshing
Merge Nodes
1. Select [Tools] - [Check] - [Coincident Nodes] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all curves. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Check/Merge Coincident] dialog is displayed. Turn on [Merge Coincident Entities] in

[Options]. Push [OK] button.
Result of merging nodes is listed in message window.

V1
Z Y X
4. Select [View] - [Select] command. Choose [Quick Hidden Line] in [Model Style]. Push [OK]
button.
5. Select [Window][Redraw] command (You can redraw view by <Ctrl+D>, <F12> or doubleclick on the screen).
Now, the multiple propertied mesh is created.
8Hexahedral Meshing
8.1 Introduction
In this example, you will learn how to create hexahedral mesh from geometry solid. Creation of hexahedral mesh settiing mapped mesh creation
8.2 Model
Geometry needs to be sliced into several parts to create hexahedral mesh.
Geometry Solid
Material Youngs modules : E=2.1 104 kgf/mm2 Poisson ratio : =0.3 Mass density :=8.0 10-10kgf s2/mm4
Finite Element Model
8-2
Hexahedral Meshing

In this chapter, geometry is imported. The prepared geometry format is Parasolid format. Select [File] - [Import] - [Geometry] command and then select file GEOMETRY_3.X_T. Check that Geometry Scale Factor is 1000.
Check Solid
Check whether the imported solid is enable to create hexahedral mesh.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Size on Solid] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solids. Push
[OK] button.
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Hex Meshing] is turned on. Push
[OK] button.
Color of the solid turns into red because it is unable to create hexahedral mesh on the solid. You can see error message Solid 1 can not be hex meshed. It must be subdivided further to eliminate holes in multiple faces in Messages.
8-3

Femap can create hexahedral mesh only on extrudable solids, thus if you have a part that is more complex, you must break/slice it into multiple, simpler solids that can be meshed.
1. Select [Geometry] - [Solid] - [Slice] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick the solid and then push [OK] button. 3. Click on right button of mouse and select [Snap to Point]. 4. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Click three points on the edge of the fillet (shown below).
Push [OK] button. Base Point 1
Point 2
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
5. Click on right button of mouse and select [Previous Command] or Select [Geometry] - [Solid]
- [Slice] command.
6. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select two solids having holes. Push [OK] button. 7. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Click three points on the edge of the fillet (shown below).
Push [OK] button.
Base
Point 1
Point 2
When you slice the solid, default color surface is created. But it is no problem.
Set Mesh Size

Again, check whether it is possible to create hexahedral mesh on the imported solid.
[OK] button.
8-4
Hexahedral Meshing
3. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Hex Meshing] and [Replace Mesh
Sizes on All Curves] are turned on. Push [OK] button
It is possible to create hexahedral mesh on solid, if color of solid turns into transparent blue. Opaque surface indicates linked surface.
Define Material
8-5

Next, define a material (physical property of material) and property (see information for elements).
Define Material
1. Select [Model] - [Material] command. 2. Enter name (Whatever you want) in [Title], 21000 in [Youngs Modulus, E], 0.3 in [Poissons Ratio, ru], and 8e-10 in [Mass Density]. Push [OK] button.
command.
Define Property
Define two properties as solid element type for material defined previously.
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
1. Select [Model] - [Property] command. 2. [Define Property-PLATE element Type] dialog is displayed. Click [Elem/Property Type] button.
3. [Element / Property Type] dialog is displayed. Select [Solid] in [Volume Elements]. Push
[OK] button.
8-6
Hexahedral Meshing
4. [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Enter name (Whatever you
want) in [Title]. Choose the material created as Material_1 from drop down list box. Push [OK] button.
5. Again, [Define Property-SOLID Element Type] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for
finish the command.

Here, set mapped mesh on solid. Compare it with Femap auto-created mesh.
Define Mesh Approach on Surface

Now, defining mesh approach on left-side arm.
1. Select [Mesh] - [Mesh Control] - [Mesh Approach on Surface] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Pick surface with semicircle hole. Push [OK] button.
Point 1 reverse-side2 surfaces
Front-side 2 surfaces
Point 2 Point 4 Point 3
Define Mesh Size
8-7
3. [Surface Mesh Approach] dialog is displayed. Select [Mapped - Four Corner] in [Mesher].
Pick four points shown in below. Push [OK] button.
4. Again, [Entity Creation] dialog is displayed. Push [Cancel] button for finish the command.
Define Mesh Size

Again, define mesh size to reflect defined mesh approach to the sold.
[OK] button.
3. Message [OK to Update Mesh Sizes?] is shown. Push [Yes] button. 4. [Automatic Mesh Sizing] dialog is displayed. Check that [Hex Meshing] is turned on. Push
[OK] button.
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
Check linkage of adjacent surface.
8-8
Hexahedral Meshing
Create mesh
1. Select [Mesh] - [Geometry] - [HexMesh Solids] command. 2. [Entity Selection] dialog is displayed. Select [Select All] button for choosing all solids. Push
[OK] button.
3. [HexMesh Solids] dialog is displayed. Select [1..Solid_1] as [Property]. Check that [Merge
Nodes on Slaved Surfaces] is turned on. Push [OK] button.
Now, nodes and elements are created.

3. [View Quick Options] is displayed. Click [Geometry Off] and then push [Done] button.
Check for coincident nodes 4. Again, [View Options] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.
8-9
HEXAHEDRAL MESH

When you create a mesh, the model should always be checked for disconnection mesh and element distortion. Depends on the results of mesh check, you need to modify mesh.
Check for coincident nodes

8-10
Hexahedral Meshing
Z Y X
You will know that there are not coincident nodes by watching the display. If the model has unnecessary [Free Edge] or [Free Face], it is disappeared by applying [Merge Nodes] command. When there is unnecessary [Free Edge], display becomes the figure shown below.
V1
Unnecessary Free edge
Y X
Check for Free Face
8-11
Check for Free Face

1. Select [View Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Free Face] in [Model Style]. Push [OK] button. Turn
V1
off [fill] display (using ----- button).
Z Y X
Rotate the model and check [Free Face]. If there is unnecessary [Free Face], display is shown as below,
V1
HEXAHEDRAL MESH
Y X
Complete meshing. Compare mapped mesh with free mesh.
8-12
Hexahedral Meshing
9Post Processing
9.1 Introduction
In this example, you will learn post processing for solid model. Basic working flow of post processing is same as the case of plate element. Here, you will perform not only deform and contour displays but also static and dynamic section cut and isosurface display.
9-2
Post Processing
9.2 Step1: Prepare File

Open Model File
1. Select [File] - [Open] command. 2. [Open][File] dialog is displayed. Select Work_3_post.mod and then push [Open] button.
9.3 Step2: General Post Process

Display Deformation and Contour
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Deform] in [Deformed Style] and [Contour] in [Contour Style]. Click [Deformed and Countour Data].
3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Select [1..NX NASTRAN Case 1] in [Output Set], [1..Total Translation] in [Deformation] and [60031..Solid Von Mises Stress] in [Contour]. Push [OK] button.
Turn Off Undeformed Model
9-3
Turn Off Undeformed Model

1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Select [PostProcessing] in [Category] and [Undeformed
Model] in Options]. Turn off [Draw Entity] check box. Push [OK] button
V1 L1 C1
0.0452 0.0423 F F F F F F F F F F 10.10. 10. 10. 10. 10. Z Y 10.10. 10. 10. 10.10. 10. 10. 10. F 10. 10. 10. F 0.0395 0.0367 0.0339 0.0311 0.0283 0.0254 0.0226 0.0198 0.017 0.0142 0.0114 0.00854 0.00573 0.00291 0.0000945
SOLID POST
X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.000255): Total Translation Contour: Solid Von Mises Stress
9-4
Post Processing
Display Section Cut

Section Cut shows contours though any planar cut of a solid model.
1. Select [View] - [Select] command. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [[Deform] in [Deformed Style] and [SectionCut] in
[Contour Style]. Click [Deformed and Contour Data].
3. [Select PostProcessing Data]dialog is displayed. Check that [Cut Model] is turned on. Click
[Section].
4. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Select any cut plane on the display. Push [OK] button.
5. Return to [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog. Push [OK] button.
Display Section Cut 6. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.
V1 L1 C1 0.0452 0.0423 0.0395 0.0367 0.0339 0.0311 0.0283 0.0254 0.0226 0.0198 0.017 0.0142 0.0114 Z Y X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.000255): Total Translation Contour: Solid Von Mises Stress 0.00854 0.00573 0.00291 0.0000945
9-5
SOLID POST
9-6
Post Processing
9.4 Step3: Advanced Post Process

Display Dynamic Cutting Plane
Move a plane dynamically through your model and displaying the contour on this plane. This command only work under render mode.
1. Select [View] - [Advanced Post] - [Dynamic Cutting Plane] command. 2. [Dynamic Section Cut Control] dialog is displayed. Click [Plane]. 3. [Plane Locate] dialog is displayed. Define any cutting plane. Push [OK] button. 4. Return to [Dynamic Section Cut Control]. Try to move cutting plane.
Display Isosurface
9-7
Display Isosurface
Isosurface provides interior surfaces of constant values in solid models.
1. Select [View] - [Options] command. 2. [View Options] dialog is displayed. Select [PostProcessing] in [Category] and [Contour/Criteria Levels] in [Options]. Enter 6 into [# of Levels]. Push [OK] button.
Change the display to isosurface display.
1. Select [View] - [Select] commnad. 2. [View Select] dialog is displayed. Select [Isosurface] in [Contour Style]. Push [OK] button.
V1 L1 C1
0.0452 0.0376 0.0301
SOLID POST
0.0226 0.0151 0.0076 0.0000945 Y X Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.000255): Total Translation Contour: Solid Von Mises Stress
9-8
Post Processing
Display Dynamic Isosurface

1. Select [View] - [Advanced Post] - [Dynamic IsoSurface] command. 2. [Dynamic IsoSurface Control] dialog is displayed. Try to change values and display it
dynamically.

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Training Work Book

Femap Training Book

4 Group & Layer

Forced Displacement 0.01mm

1.3 Step1: Geometry model creation

Now, four lines are created.

1. Select [View] - [Autoscale] - [Visible] command (<Ctrl+A>).

Now, Framework of the plate with hole is created.

Create Boundary Surface

Yellow-green thick line is displayed. This closed region is boundary surface.

Set Mesh Size

Set Mesh Size

100. 90. 80. 70. 60.

50. 40. 30. 20. 10.

80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.

1.4 Step2: Define Material and Property

1.5 Step3: Create Mesh

Turn On/Off entities using Quick Options

Turn On/Off entities using Quick Options

4. Again, [View Options] dialog is displayed. Push [OK] button.

Turn On/Off workplane

1.6 Step4: Check Model

Mesh connection check (or coincident nodes check)

Direction of element normal check

Element distortion check

Define Constraint Set

1.7 Step5: Set Boundary Condition

Load: Forced displacement X-direction 0.01mm

Define Constraint Set

Define Constraint Conditions

Define Load Set

Define Load Set

Define Load Conditions

Expand Load Condition

1.8 Step 6: Post-process

Open Model File

4. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.

1 0.01 1 1 0.01 1 1 0.01 1 1 0.01 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.01 0.01

Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Deformed(0.01): Total Translation

Display Contour Plot

Display Contour Vector

4. Return to [View Select] dialog. Push [OK] button.

Output Set: NX NASTRAN Case 1 Contour: Plate Top VonMises Stress

Display Contour Vector

3. [Select PostProcessing Data] dialog is displayed. Push [Contour Vector] button.

2.2 Feature of Workplane

2.3 Workplane Management

1. Select Plane 2. Global Plane

Origin and Axes

Origin and Axes

1. Offset Origin/ Move Origin

2. Align X Axis, Align Y Axis

Base Point 2 Point 1

-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

0. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Try to create Circle 2.

Z-axisymmetric line Fixed along edge of circle Plate

Create Cross-section of Plane part by Using Lines

3.3 Step1: Create geometry model

End point of arc

Fillet (Part of Cylinder)

Line (Part of Plane)

Create Cross-section of Plane part by Using Lines