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25N) Ba(OH)2
METHOD Take out all the apparatus. Rinse all the apparatus with distilled water properly. Weigh Barium Hydroxide of about 39.43 gm. Transfer it in a 1000 ml volumetric flask and shake it properly. Fill the volumetric flask with distilled water up to the mark. Shake it properly. Now, 0.25N solution of Barium Hydroxide is prepared. CALCULATION
FORMULA: Amount = Normality x Equivalent weight x Volume 1000 0.25N x 157.74 x 1000 1000 39.43 gm in 1000 ml Distilled water
Amount = Amount =
Take 2gms of sample of before and after mercerization and cut them in to small pieces. Put them into the conical flask and pour 30ml of Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2 and left them for 2 hours. After 2 hours pipette out 10ml of Barium Hydroxide from the beaker into conical flask and then add 1-2 drops of Phenolphthalein indicator. Fill the burette with HCl and titrate the solution against HCl till pink color disappears. Note down the reading. Repeat the procedure for both flasks i.e. Before and After mercerization
BLANK READING
Take out reading of Barium Hydroxide without any fabric sample which is referred as blank reading and note down the reading.
FOR EXAMPLE:
27 DOM = 27 - 24 - 22.5 x 100
DOM
150
SCOPE: This test is carried out not only on white substrate but also carried out on printed or dyed substrate. APPARATUS: pH meter Beaker Glass rod METHOD: Boil 150ml distilled water for 10minutes. Immerse 5gm of specimen (cut into small pieces) Boil for an additional 10minutes. Allow the beaker and contents to be cool at room temperature. Determine the pH of the extract contents using pH meter operated according to the manufacture instruction.
NOTE: This procedure is much better than the test of pH by universal indicator solution because in the universal indicator procedure 5 to 10% error is observed.
pH OF LIQUOR BY pH PAPER
OBJECTIVE: The objective is to determine the pH of given liquor. APPARATUS: Beaker pH test paper with numerical rating METHOD: Take 50ml liquor to be tested in a beaker. The temperature of liquor is at room temperature. Dip the pH test paper in a beaker and then match the scale RESULT: Compare the color of paper with pH indicator (1-14) scale.
NOTE: Berger whiteness depends on the quality of fabric, count, construction and weave structure.
FOAMING HEIGHT
The objective is to test the wetting agent that how much it produces foam when dissolve in water. 1. Take 250ml measuring cylinder. 2. Prepare wetting agent solution of about 4g/l in 100ml volume. 3. Pour this 100ml into measuring cylinder and shake it approximately 20times. 4. Note the foam height. 5. Note the time to settle down foam.
250ml
100ml
HYDRO CELLULOSE
CH2OH C H C OH C H H C OH C H C H C CH2OH O OH O H C OH OH C H C O C OH C H H C OH CH2OH C H C H OH O
OXYCELLULOSE
CH2OH C H C OH C H H C OH C H C OH C H H C OH OH O H C H O CH2OH C OH
PROCEDURE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Wash all the equipment gently. Prepare 0.1M potassium permagnate solution Prepare 20% sulphuric acid. Fill the burette with potassium permagnate solution. Pipette out 10ml of sample to be tested into the conical flask. Pour 20ml of 20%sulphuric acid into the flask which acts as catalyst. Provide temperature of about 40oC. Titrate it against 0.1M potassium permagnate. Calculate the percentage purity of hydrogen per oxide.
PERCENTAGE PURITY OF HYDROGEN PER OXIDE: = Morality of KMnO4 x Mol. wt. of H2O2 x BR x 250 x 5 x 100 Wt of H2O2 x 1000 x10 x 2 or = BR Wt. of H2O2 x 21.25
Note:
Hydrogen peroxide is commonly sold at about 35% purity and 50% purity.
PROCEDURE:
Wash all the equipment gently. Prepare 0.1M potassium per magnate solution. Prepare 20% sulphuric acid. Prepare the fabric swatch to be processed in the bleaching bath. Prepare bleaching bath by using auxiliaries,
AUXILIARIES AMOUNT
Pipette out 10ml of sample from the bleaching bath to be tested into the conical flask. Pour 20ml of 20%sulphuric acid into the flask which acts as catalyst. Titrate it against potassium permanganate. Calculate the peroxide contents in g/l. Calculate the peroxide contents in the start of exhaust process. Calculate the consumed peroxide contents after the completion of the exhaust process at 90oC. Evaluate the difference of the readings before and after to calculate the residual H2O2 contents.
PERCENTAGE LOSS OF HYDROGENPEROXIDE: % loss of H2O2 = Initial peroxide content Final peroxide content Initial peroxide content