Girma T.

Kassie1*, Awudu Abdulai2, Clemens Wollny: The diversity of animal genetic resources has a quasi-public good nature that makes market prices inadequate indicator of its economic worth. Applying the characteristics. Theory of value, this research estimated the relative economic worth of the attributes of cattle genetic resources in Central Ethiopia. Transaction level data were collected over four seasons in a year and choice experiment survey was done in five markets to generate data on both revealed and stated preferences of cattle buyers. Heteroscedasticity efficient estimation and random parameters logit were employed to analyze the data. The results essentially show that attributes related to the subsistence functions of cattle are more valued than attributes that directly influence marketable products of the animals. The findings imply the strong need to invest on improvement of attributes of cattle in the study area that enhance the subsistence functions of cattle that their owners accord higher priority to support their livelihoods than they do to tradable products. RAJEEV UPADHYA LECTUER, RRSIMT: The recession in the US market and the global meltdown termed as Global recession have engulfed complete world economy with a varying degree of recessional impact. World over the impact has diversified and its impact can be observed from the very fact of falling Stock market, recession in jobs availability and companies following downsizing in the existing available staff and cutting down of the perks and salary corrections. Globally the financial sector sacking the existing base of employees in high numbers in US the major example being CITI Group same still followed by others in hospitality industry Jet and Kingfisher Airlines too. The cut in salary for the pilots being 90 % can any one imagine such a huge cut in salary. Madikizela, S.P.Groenewald: Irrigation vegetable farmers in Seymour District, Eastern Cape, have had problems concerning market access. Initial action by the researcher showed that problems can be solved. A survey showed younger farmers to be better educated, more businesslike and more eager to solve problems than older farmers. The unavailability of transport, poor infrastructure, lack of market information and to a lesser extent, dishonesty of some traders are major problems for these farmers. The community involved should be regarded as progressive, and can be expected to prosper once their problems have been solved. R.UMADEVI P.RASATHI: Rural marketing can be defined as, a function that manages all activities involved in assessing, stimulating, and converting the purchasing power of rural consumer into an effective demand for specific products and services to create satisfaction and better standard of living for achieving organizational goals.More than 70% of the countrys consumers are in the rural market and more than half of the national income is generated here. In aggregate the rural market is very much larger than the urban. About 285 million live in urban India whereas 742 million reside in rural areas, constituting 72% of India's population resides in its 6, 27,000 villages. The number of middle income and high income households in rural Indian is expected to grow from 46 million to 59 million. Size of rural market is estimated to be 42 million households and rural market has been growing at five times the pace of the urban market.

Study by IIPM School: The concept Rural and Marketing, though used very frequently in various forums, have eluded any precise and non- controversial definitions. When we join them, the resulting concept Rural Marketing means different things to different persons. This confusion leads to distorted understanding of the problems of rural marketing poor diagnosis and, more often than not, poor prescriptions. The Indian rural market with its vast size and demand base offers great opportunities to marketers. Two thirds of countries consumers live in rural areas and almost half of the national income is generated here. It is only natural that rural markets form an important part of the total market of India. Our nation is classified in around 450 districts, and approximately 630000 villages, which can be sorted in different parameters such as literacy levels, accessibility, income levels, penetration, distances from nearest towns, etc.