Transport System, Cven40011: Southbank Future (2040) Needs

Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011
TRANSPORT SYSTEM, CVEN40011
Southbank Future (2040) Needs

N Lidia S Wibowo, 346019
12 September 2011. Report Version. 2560 words
21 August 2011/Report
1 of 13
N Lidia S Wibowo
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.........................................................................2 Table of Figures...........................................................................2 Aim.............................................................................................3 2. Introduction: Working in Southbank..........................................3 3. Future Sustainable Transport System........................................6 Predicted Growth in 2040.........................................................................6 Issues....................................................................................................... 6 Transport Infrastructure Development Actions.........................................7 Southbank map......................................................................................14 .................................................................................................15 Transport System Management Actions.......................................16 Goals in 2040.............................................................................19 Economic Goal........................................................................................19 Social Goal.............................................................................................20 Environmental Goal................................................................................20 Conclusion.................................................................................21 References.................................................................................22 Appendix...................................................................................24 Glossary ...................................................................................25
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Southbank Map..............................................................5 Figure 2. Inactive built form.........................................................8 Figure 3. The absence of bike-lanes..............................................9 Figure 4. Concrete barriers (left: Swanston street; right: Ottawa, Canada).....................................................................................10 Figure 5. Bicycle parking facilities (source: VicRoads)..................11 Figure 6. Changing and Showering Facilities (Source: cyclinginfrom.com)...............................................................................11 Figure 7. Southbank's Current Transport Network Map...............14 Figure 8. Proposed Actions.........................................................15 Figure 9. Me visiting Southbank area .........................................24
12 September 2011/Report Version2 of 23
N Lidia S Wibowo
Aim
The purpose of this report is to assess the accessibility of the transport system in Southbank in year 2040 for a particular demographic group. The chosen demographic group being studied in this report is people who go to work in Southbank on foot. This report will identify the issues associated with predicted growth in 2040 especially for the chosen group. Furthermore, it will determine transport infrastructure development actions and transport system management actions. Finally, it will discuss how the proposed actions will further support the economic, social and environmental goals of Southbank local government and local council.
2. Introduction: Working in Southbank

I am a 23 years old female full time accountant. I work in FreshWater Cooper, which is located near Southbank Boulevard and Southbank Promenade. I live in a unit apartment on Wells Street, Southbank with a younger sister who is currently a high school student. I work from 9 am to 6 pm from Monday to Friday. I usually go to work on foot. The walking path from home to office is demonstrated in Figure 1 with travel time of 15 minutes. I usually walk along Power Street from office to home in the evening. This results in security and safety issues for a young female pedestrian to walk alone at night. During spare time, I sometime take my dog for a walk to botanical garden or to a smaller park near my apartment. I also like to swim or to do other sport activities during my leisure time. However, there is a lack of open space and sports center available for residents and workers in Southbank. Thus, it would be great to construct more open spaces and more community infrastructures such as library, sport centers, retail shops, restaurants and other gathering places into Southbank areas to allow younger people to
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 socialize and to provide them with recreation places. Moreover, I need to do groceries shopping for my daily needs every week in South Melbourne Market, Safeway or Coles that can be reached by foot, which I usually do in the evening. Therefore, the safety and convenience of the pedestrian path are required to be improved. There is likely to be an increase in the number of people working in Southbank who is also lives nearby and hence travel on foot to work in year 2040. This is because the possibility in the increase in the number of employment in Southbank in the future is relatively high. Furthermore, in year 2040, it becomes increasingly significant for workers to travel to work on foot in order to decrease environmental impact and to cope with the increase in the number of pedestrians regarding the future population growth.
N Lidia S Wibowo
Figure 1. Southbank Map
N Lidia S Wibowo
3. Future Sustainable Transport System

Predicted Growth in 2040
As Southbank has been a very popular, it attracts more residents, workers and visitors. Therefore, in year 2040, it is predicted that Southbank will need to accommodate approximately 70,000 residents, 60,000 workers, and 10,000 visitors.
Issues
There are several issues raised by future growth especially in terms of the transport system in Southbank as follow. 1. Issues regarding transport infrastructure The increase in the number of residents, workers and visitors in Southbank leads to the increase in travel demand that affects the roads performance and public transport operation. With the current infrastructure capacity, it will not be able to meet the increase future demand. The roads are congested and the public transports are overcrowded. This will influence the reliability of the public transport as it causes delays and reduces the speed and hence travel time increases. 2. Suppressed economic growth As the economic growth depends on the density activity in the area, it requires transport system that makes the most efficient use of time. Therefore, low capacity transport infrastructure suppresses the economy growth in Southbank. 3. Issues for pedestrians and cyclists There are two major pedestrian and cyclists issues raised concerning the future growth. Firstly, the congested traffic decreases the safety for pedestrians and cyclists. And secondly, the pedestrian paths and crosswalks may be overcrowded and 21 August 2011/Report 6 of 13 N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 consequently reduce the accessibility for pedestrians. A worker in Southbank who travel to work on foot is likely to need more infrastructure improvement especially development for pedestrian.
Transport Infrastructure Development Actions

In order to manage the issues associated with the future growth, there are several proposed actions regarding infrastructure development. In managing the infrastructure, it is important to target at strengthening the connection between Southbank and Central Business District (CBD) in order to provide the residents and workers with access to community infrastructures in CBD. This good connection between Southbank and CBD might be achieved through the proposed infrastructure development actions in the following. Improve walkability The main pedestrian issue in Southbank is the lack of safety and quality of infrastructure for pedestrians. There are several measures in improving the walkability in Southbank as follow 1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) CPTED is an approach to crime prevention designed by Victoria Police. Natural access control targeted at decreasing criminal such as constructing gates, fences, walls,
accessibility including limiting access and increasing natural surveillance footpaths, landscaping and lighting. Natural surveillance is a design concept to increase
safety through the creation of environment such as maximizing visibility and surveillance possibilities, and applying minimum lighting standards. For instance, constructing more community services, retails, restaurants, cafes and other public places in 12 September 2011/Report Version7 of 23 N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 order to generate a passive surveillance onto the street. 2. Streetscape vision (Active Built Form) There are approximately more than 80% of the building form is inactive which creates dead environments that are uninteresting, unsafe and unattractive in Southbank areas as demonstrated in Figure 2 below.
Figure 2. Inactive built form
It is important to renovate and construct more attractive built forms along these streets in order to generate Southbank as a walking city. Buildings with streetscape vision frontage at their ground level create a more vibrant atmosphere for pedestrians which attracts and encourages more people especially young residents and workers to walk instead of travel by motor vehicle. This includes retail shops, cafes, restaurants and etc. 3. Pedestrian facilities improvement
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 There are several areas in Southbank that has poor pedestrian facilities needed to be improved in order to increase the number of pedestrian. In regard to the future growth, the current pedestrian footpaths and crosswalks might not be able to cope with the increase in the future number of pedestrian. Therefore, widening the pedestrian paths and crosswalks to a minimum of three meters allows more pedestrians to walk across Southbank area. In addition, a new pedestrian bridge crossing the Yarra River is also required to be constructed near St Kilda Road as the current Princes Bridge is crowding during peak times. Expand the bicycle network The bicycle facilities in Southbank area are considered fairly poor. There are only a few areas in Southbank that has bike lane along the street and most of the streets in Southbank does not have bike lane as shown in Figure 3 below.
Figure 3. The absence of bike-lanes
This causes safety and convenient issue for cyclists. Therefore,
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 in order to increase cycling for transport, bicycle network in Southbank requires to be expanded through implementing two developments as follow. 1. Additional bike-lanes Additional bike-lanes and advanced safety for cyclists are needed to be implemented in Southbank. There are two types of bike lanes, namely on-road lane and off-road lane. On-road bicycle lane with concrete barrier as separation from vehicles and pedestrians as shown in Figure 4 is essential to create safety environment for both pedestrians and cyclists. Moreover, through incorporating landscaping opportunities into these separation areas provides engaging environment that may establish cycling encouragement to residents and workers in Southbank.
Figure 4. Concrete barriers (left: Swanston street; right: Ottawa, Canada)
2. Bicycle facilities implementation It is important to provide suitable parking and changing facilities as adequate parking facilities which are convenient and secure in order to encourage more people to cycle more often. Cycle Parking
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 There are several types of bicycle parking designed by VicRoads depending on the level of security needed in the location as shown in Figure 5 below.
Figure 5. Bicycle parking facilities (source: VicRoads)
Bicycle parking rails are the most suitable parking facilities to be implemented in Southbank area. Changing and Showering Facilities
It is also important to provide changing and showering facilities as some cyclists may want to shower and change their clothes when they reach their destination as demonstrated in Figure 6 in the following.
Figure 6. Changing and Showering Facilities (Source: cyclinginfrom.com)
Maximize the potential of PT There are several issues related to the public transport in Southbank including reliability, capacity and accessibility. The accessibility of the public transport in Southbank is fairly poor as there is a lack of east-west public transport services through
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 Southbank. There are several infrastructure developments in dealing with these issues. 1. New tram routes Investigate the potential for constructing new tram routes on Power Street and Whiteman Street in order to provide east-west connection through Southbank which eventually create a more integrated neighborhood. 2. Increase service frequency Through increasing tram service frequency during peak hours, morning and evening time, delays are reduced and availability is increased. Furthermore, it increases the convenience to public transport users. And finally it increases the reliability of public transport. 3. Enhance the night time public transport service At the present time, there is only bus service (nightrider), which only runs during weekend. Further inquiries into the needs for night time public transport in the future is necessary. 4. Tram stops upgrade Improving the tram stops to platform tram stops may increase the safety and convenience to public transport users as it protects passengers from traffic, provides shelters, seating, lighting and tram service information display. It also allows a large number of passengers to get on and off trams more quickly. Open Space and other Community Infrastructure The lack of community infrastructure and open space in Southbank is also considered as the main issue. Providing more open spaces and community infrastructures within a walking and cycling distance for residents and workers in Southbank helps in reducing car 12 September 2011/Report Version12 of 23 N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 use, hence minimizing traffic congestion. Thus, design for community infrastructures are necessary to be further analyzed. In addition, additional open spaces around Southbank area create a more vibrant place for pedestrians and cyclists. It not only provides passive recreation but also green connection across Southbank area.
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank map
Figure 7. Southbank's Current Transport Network Map
Reference: http://www.metlinkmelbourne.com.au/location/view/30
N Lidia S Wibowo
Figure 8. Proposed Actions
N Lidia S Wibowo
Transport System Management Actions

In order to support future sustainable access and mobility for workers who travel on foot to work in Southbank, there are three proposed transport system management actions presented further in the following. Travel Demand Management (TDM) or Road Demand Management (RDM) The aim of this action is to reduce traffic congestion by reducing the need to travel, the amount and the impacts of travel. As traffic congestion decreased, it creates safety environment for walkers. There are three measures in TDM as follow. 1. Traffic congestion charge This system surcharges users of transport network in peak period in order to reduce traffic congestion. This system has been applied in several places including London, Stockholm, Singapore, etc. For instance, the London Congestion Pricing, motorists driving within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) during peak hours on weekdays are charged. 2. Sustainable transport programs: TravelSmart TravelSmart is a voluntary program that aims to inform and motivate people to change their travelling behavior. It accommodates commuters who are interested in carpooling or car sharing, an arrangement between people to make a regular journey in a single vehicle. 3. Regular road closures
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 There are several roads in Victoria closed at some various periods of time. For instance, Little Collins Street is regularly closed during lunchtime from 12 to 2pm. Recalling the streetscape vision project, several streets are going to create a more vibrant environment than at present time, such as Kavanagh street and City road. If restaurants and cafes filled these streets in the future, the streets will be occupied with high pedestrian activities during some periods of time. Therefore, regular road closures during lunchtime might be necessary on Kavanagh Street (between Southbank Boulevard and Kings Way) and on City Road (between Power Street and Kings Way). Criteria to assess success: reduced the use of private vehicles and traffic congestion. Intelligent Transport System (ITS) In order to increase the safety for pedestrians in Southbank, several technologies and approaches are used as follow. 1. Pedestrian User Friendly Intelligent (PUFFIN) Crossing The average signal crossing time requires people to walk with speed of 1.5 meters per second. However, many pedestrians walk slower than this speed. PUFFIN crossings automatically detect the presence of pedestrians crossing the road. Also, it further detects the presence of individuals requiring additional time to cross and accordingly allocate extra time. 2. Count-Down Signal The count-down signal for pedestrian crossing provide the amount of time remaining to cross the street. This will hopefully help pedestrians in making better decisions about when to enter the crosswalk. 3. GPS Mobile ITS for Pedestrian Safety 12 September 2011/Report Version17 of 23 N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 It uses GPS mobile phones to detect pedestrians and alert drivers of the presence of pedestrians using technologies in the vehicle. It collects the pedestrian position using GPS mobile phones carried by pedestrians. This position data is then sent to the server which the data then is forwarded to the vehicles if the driver needs to be alerted. Thus, this system may reduce traffic accidents involving pedestrians in areas blocked from the drivers vision. 4. Reverse Collision Warning It uses proximity detection sensors to detect and warn the driver of any slow moving or stationary objects including vehicles and pedestrians. It helps increases pedestrian safety. 5. Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) ISA provides two alternatives, namely speed alerting and speed limiting system. It uses satellite to obtain the position of the vehicle and electronic signals transmitted to the vehicles regarding the speed limit in the area. The speed alerting system warns the driver for exceeding the speed limit. On the other hand, the speed limiting system makes it impossible for the driver to exceed the speed limit transmitted to the vehicle. Criteria to assess success: increase in the number of pedestrians and decrease in the number of traffic accidents. Road Safety Program 1. Road safety education program The hierarchy of modes on roads is an important knowledge to be demonstrated to all traffic users in order to increase road safety. The order is disabled users, walkers, cyclists, public transport and private vehicles, which disabled users being the highest priority and private vehicles the lowest. For instance, on-road public transport may cut through congestion and is given greater priority at intersections. Therefore, by being aware of this hierarchy of 12 September 2011/Report Version18 of 23 N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 modes, it not only may increase safety for pedestrians and cyclists but also increase efficiency for public transport. 2. Speed limitation The speed limit in Southbank region is relatively high which is 60km/h while the default speed limit in victoria is 50km/h. This may be one of the reasons of the safety issue for pedestrian and cyclists. Therefore, it needs to examine the road condition and evaluate the current speed limitation in order to achieve more suitable and safer speed limit. Criteria to assess success: decrease in the number of traffic accidents.
Goals in 2040
Economic Goal
The economic growth of a community relies on the density of activity and labor productivity. This density and labor productivity depends on how efficient the transport system is. A reliable and integrated transport system leads to prosperous economic future for Southbank community. As the population increases and traffic congestion grows, it causes delays to both public transport and private transport system. Hence, it may further suppress the economic growth. The proposed transport actions help in minimize the risk in the occurrence of delays in order to ensure stable economic growth. Constructing community infrastructures such as retail shops, restaurants and cafes increases job opportunities in Southbank area and hence increase the economic growth. Moreover, the maximization in the use of public transport including the establishment of new tram routes and the increase in tram service frequency may increase accessibility within Southbank area, Southbank with city which has the highest rate of employment and
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 Southbank with other inner Melbourne suburbs. Finally, the TDM measures may reduce traffic congestion, hence reduce delays and therefore ensure the stability in economic flow.
Social Goal
Connecting and integrating areas within Southbank region as a whole in order to achieve the social goal of the community to create Southbank as a connected city. A more integrated transport infrastructure in Southbank develops social activities for residents and workers in Southbank. The proposed actions may support this goal in several ways. Constructing streetscape vision and active built form around Southbank areas may support in creating Southbank a more connected and integrated city. Furthermore, establishing new tram routes connecting east and west of Southbank region creates convenience to residents and workers to travel within Southbank area. Finally, integrated Southbank area may be achieved by road safety improvement in Southbank region through developing pedestrian safety and bicycle safety improvement such as implementation of additional bike-lanes, expansion of pedestrian paths and crosswalks, upgrade in tram stops, application of regular road closures, implementation of several intelligent transport systems and the execution of the road safety program. These may create convenient environment for local residents and workers to interact with other people.
Environmental Goal
The environment goal of the community is to construct a city for people and an eco-city that allows people to travel on foot and hence generates less impact on the environment. This goal might be achieved through improving the walkability and developing several intelligent transport systems related to pedestrian safety improvement. Furthermore, by creating a more vibrant environment around Southbank through the streetscape projects encourages more
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 people to walk. Consequently, it creates the independency from public transport and private cars. In addition, several proposed actions mentioned earlier may support in achieving an eco-city with minimum impact on the environment. As private vehicles produce large amount of greenhouse gas, it is significant to reduce the use of cars in order to minimize the environmental impact. Car use reduction may be achieved bicycle by improving other alternative forms of transport. and Therefore, several proposed actions such as walkability improvement, network expansion, public transport development transport demand management measures may help to achieve the alteration of transport modes from private vehicles to more sustainable forms of transport across Southbank.
Conclusion
In Conclusion, in year 2040, Southbank will face major growth issues which requires the local authority to advocate several proposed actions in dealing with these issues, especially in regard to its transport system. Further improvements on existing infrastructures and several implementations of new infrastructure developments require to be accomplished in dealing with the future growth issue and creating Southbank a better place to live.
N Lidia S Wibowo
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006. 2006 Census Data. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/. [Accessed 8 September 2011]
City of Melbourne. 2010. Southbank Structure Plan. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/ProjectsandIniti atives/Southbank2010/Documents. [Accessed 14 August 2011] City of Melbourne. 2011. Transport Strategy Update. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutCouncil/PlansandPublicatio ns/strategies/Documents. [Accessed 15 August 2011] City of Melbourne. 2011. Demographic Profile Young People. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/Statistics/Docume nts/Demographic_Profile_Young_People.pdf. [Accessed 20 August 2011] Metlink, 2011. Melbourne Public Transport Routes. [ONLINE} Available at: http://www.metlinkmelbourne.com.au/location/view/30. [Accessed 20 August 2011] Monash University Accident Research Centre, 2011. On-Road Evaluation of Intelligent Speed Adaptation, Following Distance Warning and Seatbelt Reminder Systems: Final Results of the TAC SafeCar Project. [ONLINE] Available at:
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 www.monash.edu.au/muarc/reports/muarc253.pdf. [Accessed 8 September 2011]
NISSAN, 2011. GPS Mobile ITS for Pedestrian Safety. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nissanglobal.com/EN/TECHNOLOGY/OVERVIEW/gps_mobile_its.html. [Accessed 8 September 2011] VicRoads, 2011. Bicycle Parking and End-of-trip Facilities. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/Home/Moreinfoandservices/Bicycles/St rategicDirectionsForCycling/ParkingAndEndOfTripFacilities.htm. [Accessed 8 September 2011]
Victoria Department of Transport, 2011. Sustainable Transport Projects and Programs. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.transport.vic.gov.au/projects/sustainable/sustainabletransport-projects-and-programs. [Accessed 8 September 2011]
Victoria Police, 2011. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?document_id=10444. [Accessed
20 August 2011]
Walking Info PedSmart, 2011. ITS Applications for Pedestrians. [ONLINE] Available at: http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/saferjourney/library/pdf/Pedsmart.pdf. [Accessed 8 September 2011]
N Lidia S Wibowo
Appendix
Figure 9. Me visiting Southbank area (left: Grant/Sturt Street; right: Queensbridge Street/Southbank Promenade)
N Lidia S Wibowo
Glossary
ACCESSIBILITY An indication of the proximity of a person, site or zone to a particular activity or group of activities. It has also been defined as the ease or difficulty of making trips to/from each zone. CBD The central business district (CBD) of Melbourne is the commercial centre of Melbourne, and is usually regarded as the area bounded by Spring, Flinders, Spencer and La Trobe Streets. DESTINATION The point or area of termination of a trip. DISAGGREGATE DATA Data at the level of individual persons, households, etc. EMPLOYMENT The number of employees or jobs in relation to the zone of work. This may be stratified by employment type e.g. retail, manufacturing etc. HOME A group of rooms or a single room, occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters, by a family or other group of persons, or by a person living alone. INFRASTRUCTURE The fundamental facilities and systems serving a country,city, or area , as transportation and communication systems,power plants, and sch ools.
N Lidia S Wibowo
Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011 LINK A section of a highway or public transport network defined by a node at each end.
SOUTHBANK A suburb in Victoria. Postcode: 3006
OPEN SPACE It includes parks and gardens. ORIGIN The point or zone at which a trip begins. PERSON TRIP Any trip made by a person. TRANSPORT MODEL Used to define the relationships between people, the land use / transport system and their behaviour. This term should not be confused with transport modelling packages such TRIPS, which are used to develop and run transport models. TRAVEL TIME The time taken to travel between two points. TRIP A one-way movement from an origin to a destination for a particular purpose. It may be a person trip, a vehicle trip, walking trip or public transport trip.
N Lidia S Wibowo

Transport System, Cven40011: Southbank Future (2040) Needs

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Transport System, Cven40011: Southbank Future (2040) Needs

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Southbank Future (2040) Needs Transport System, CVEN40011