1. A noun in a prepositional phrase cannot be the subject of the sentence. a.

Ex- conquest of the new lands was a major success. (Subject is conquest not new lands.) 2. These cannot stand as an independent pronoun. It must be followed by some noun. a. Ex- (Wrong) Books and copies are precious and these must be kept safely. 1. Books and copies are precious and you must keep them safely. 3. Sympathize with is a correct idiom. 4. Verb+ ing phrase works as an adverb modifier rather than a noun modifier. It can be
placed at three different locations in the sentencea. At the starting of the sentence Running like a mad, she somehow managed to catch the train. Here running like a mad modifies whole she managed to catch the train. b. At the Middle of the sentence When a modifier is placed in between of the sentence two different conditions are possible;5. Information is essential for the sentence i. Ex:- He, studying throughout the night, worked hard.

6. Bare infinitive a. I help him achieve the target. b. You should help maintain the supply to the town.
7. Use the bare infinitive, not the full infinitive, after the modals (can, could, will,

would, shall, should, may, might, must). a. Use the bare infinitive, not the full infinitive, after forms of the verbs make, let, have, see, hear, watch, listen to, feel and an object b. Use either the bare infinitive or the full infinitive after forms of help and an object (with no difference in meaning). 8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AND DIFFERENCES IN a. The differences between the two twins are displayed in stark relief when they
argue with each other. b. The differences in the way the two twins play the violin are displayed in stark relief when they play duets together.

9. Depressed property values can hurt the property owners, because they are their life saving. a. In this sentence though they has two precedents: Depressed property values and property owners. But this use is acceptable due to two reasons-

10. In second clause they is the subject which is referring to the subject to the first clause. 11. Logically also they can stand for depressed property values only. 12. An investigation has found is correct usage. a. An investigation by police has found that he was not involved in murder attempt. 13. Fantastic usage of comma and semicolon while listing the similar elementsa. The hospitals examined were New York Hospital, Mount Sinai Medical Center and St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan; Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx; Elmhurst Hospital Center in Queens; Maimonides Medical Center and Brooklyn Hospital Center in Brooklyn; University Hospital-Stony Brook on Long Island; Buffalo General Hospital and Erie County Medical Center in Buffalo; Strong Memorial Medical Center in Rochester, and Westchester Medical Center.

14. "As + ADJ + a NOUN" is a valid form of writing comparisons in which two things have equal magnitude.
a. That book really moved me emotionally; in the twenty years since i read it, no other book has had as powerful an effect on me.

b. When the first part of the comparison appears before "at least as", you don't require another "as" in the sentence. For example:
c. Bob makes a mean pizza, but Fred's spaghetti is at least as good. d. Die Hard 2 was a thrill ride from start to finish, but Die Hard 4 was at least as exciting. e. Although government policy is influential, management decisions have at least as great an impact.

15. When you see two independent clauses either use FANBOY or use semicolon. 16. So X that Y, is preferred than so X as to Y. a. The ship was so large that it could not fit into the harbor. b. The thieves were so audacious as to plunder people in daylight. 17. Because of + ing is wrong. 18. Resulting from after the comma is not used. Resulting from after the comma is good to use. 19. To pay the payment is redundant; to make the payment is the right form to use.

20. As to whether can be used in place whether. Example: I dont know as to whether to do it. 21. Usage of AS can create unnecessary confusion. Try to avoid the use of AS. Example: As he decided to go to market, her mother started to scream on him. Because he decided to go to market, her mother started to scream on him. A soon as he decided to leave for the market, her mother started to scream on him. 22. Which can modify its preceding noun as well as preceding clause. This is the beauty of nature, which has kept human being so close to it. The cost of the table, which is standing in the corner, is exasperatedly high. 23. To testify is better than testimony. Some other man is better than another man. 24. Should, were and had can be used to start a conditional sentenceShould is used to start a sentence which is very likely to be true. If he arrives, I will leave for theatre. Should he arrive, I will leave for theatre. Were is used to start a sentence which can take were in its normal construction. If I were you, I would leave for theatre. Were I you, I would leave for the theatre. Had is used to start a sentence which is untrue in past. If he had left on time, he would have reached there. Had he left on time, he would have reached there.