MART 201 FINAL EXAM GUIDE

Alex Damon and John Tasevski

CONTENT
General Info
47 questions total: 19 multiple-choice, 23 true-false, 5 definitions (give both what it means and what the abbreviation stands for) Possible definitions: camera movements, previously studied subjects

Sound
Hearing vs. listening Ear fatigue sets in at around 120 dB, dont exceed that can lead to tinnitus i.e. ringing in the ears Frequency = pitch (high or low) measured in hertz (Hz) Humans speak at about 150-260 Hz Humans hear at about 20 Hz 20 kHz But its a curvebetter hearing in the middle and people in the country hear better Headphones bad 4 u? 0 dB 160 dB (160 is intolerable) 60 dB = moderate to quiet (typical convo) Dynamic range = the range from the softest sound to the loudest sound in a piece Sound Production 1. Figure/ground relationship 2. Sound perspective (from what distance) 3. Sound continuity (e.g. radio is turned on and it becomes the background music) Elements: Dialog, sound effects, music, ambience, aesthetic considerations

Volume Meter
VU = Volume Units Old Volume Meter w/ tape = Try to hit 0 average New level Meter = Dont hit 0 or youll ruin your recording (in tandem with ARL and AGC Limiters dont hit it at at level that youre gonna hit

Microphones
Types Dynamics moving coil = Doesnt require power; Sure SMS8; durable, inexpensive, less suspectible to overload from high SPL (sound pressure overload), no proximity effectt Condenser capacitor = Requires power, more expensive, more suspectible to overload, proximity effect Ribbon velocity = Like Larry King; sounds good, expensive, fragile

Impedence z = Resistance 90 an AC signal, labeled in ohms () Low-impedence (LoZ) = Long cable run; less interference; less than 600 ohms v. [medium-impedence in the middle] High-impedence (HiZ) = Short cable run <25ft; more susceptible to electrical interference; greater than 10,000 ohms Alternating current (AC) = Periodic reversals of energy flow v. Direct current (DC) = Unidirectional energy flow Omni-directional [all sides] = the microphone that hears from all sides Bidirectional = front and back (figure 8) Unidirectional (candioid) = front Can turn things back and forth between directional Proximity effect = emphasizes lower frequencies

Light
Elements: Brightness, color, direction, specular/diffuse (reflections off smooth surfaces/rough surfaces), contrast Light vs. lighting 3 Functions of Lighting 1. Cast a shadow 2. Control the shadow 3. Separate subject from background 3 Point Lighting (4 Point Lighting with added background light) Back light separates background and subject causes edges of subject to glow (also hair or shoulder light) Fill light reduce shadows balances out the harsh angles Key light cast shadows principal illuminator, shines directly on the subject Large light = Softer shadow v. Small light = Sharper shadow, more unidirectional

Color Temperature
A method of measuring the relative intensity of the individual colors (wavelengths) that make up its visible light spectrum Intensity = brightness Measured in degrees kelvin (K) Magic Time = Golden Hour = Twilight Range:

0K = pitch black 1800K = candle flame 4000K = warm fluorescent 12000K = twilight

Film
Ranges of film cameras: 8mm DU, 16 DUCAM, 35 HDCAM, 65, 70mm Big Bet Purposes of Film 1. Show motion 2. Show color or black and white 3. Permit safe observation 4. Multiple formats 5. Good for mass distribution ENG (Electronic News Gathering) Single camera, audio Limited set-up Post-production, editing EFP (Electronic Field Production) Studio cameras on location More elaborate than ENG Single or multiple cameras Post-editing or live editing May have a second crew

Behind the Scenes

Management Staff: Product development, creative side, producer (project coordinator), proposal Creative Writing: Treatment, script, storywork Director: DP Director of Photography; TD Technical Director Post-production: Producer, marketing division Creative Management with Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Rules 1. Dont punish people for taking risks encourage reasonable risks 2. Use minimal supervision 3. Dont criticize but do give feedback Screenplay?

Cameras
21 mP = 35 mm Visidep (visual depth) 120 mP = video in SLR Light field camera = More CD