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UNIVERSITY "VITEZ" TRAVNIK ENGLISH LANGUAGE 2 Oral Presentation Topic: Pregnancy Student: Albina Braji Index No.

: 0035-11/VZ Date: 24th March 2012

PRENGNANCY Pregnancy is fertilization and deveploment one or more embryo in woman's uterus. There can be multiple gestations, as in the case twins or tripets. The term embryo is used to describe the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following conception. The term fetus is used to describe the developing offspring after eight weeks till birth. Pregnancy is sprecial time for every woman and it brings many changes. It is undubtedy a unique and valuable experience. Everything is kind of differet in that time. Hormons doesn't help you in that special period. Pregnant women feels a bunch of different changes. Some of them are: changes in the mood, feeling tired, sensitive to odors, do not like some kind of food or drinks, morning sickness. Some of women can expirience morning sickness ( nausea) during afternoon, evening, and trought the entire day. Pregnancy is considered at term when gestation attains 37 complete weeks, but it's less than 42 weeks ( between 259 and 294 days since last menstrual period). Normal pregnancy lasts around 40 weeks or nine calendar months plus seven days. We can very easly calculate childbirth based on the first day of last menstrual period.

CHILDBIRTH= FDLMP+ 9 MONTHS+ SEVEN DAYS When we have childbirth before completion of 37 weeks it's callled PRETERM. Childbirth after 42 weeks is POSTTERM. The risk of complications for woman and fetus are bigger when we have postterm childbirth. Pregnancy is tipically broken into three periods triemesters.

FIRST TRIMESTER

The placenta develops at first trimester. The placenta is a round flat organ that transfers nutritiens from mother to baby and transfers waste from the baby. A

primitive face takes from with large dark circles for eyes. Blood cells are taking shape, and circulation will begin. By the end of first month of pregnancy the baby is 6-7 mm long, about the size ofa grain of rice.

Baby's facial features continue to develop. Each ear begins as a little fold of skin on the side of the head. Tiny buds that eventually grows into arms and legs are forming. Fingers, toes and eyes are also forming in the second month of pregnancy. The neural tube brain, spinal cord and the other neural tissue of the central nervous system is well formed. Also digestive tract and sensory organs begin to develop. Bone stars to replace cartilage. By the end of third month of pregnancy the baby is fully formed.

SECOND TRIMESTER Second trimester are weeks 13 to 28 of pregnancy. Most women feel more energized in this period and begin to put on weight. The uterus, the muscular organ that holds developing fetus can expand up to 20 times, and that's normal size during pregnancy. Altought the fetus begins to move. By the end if second trimester, the expanding uterus has created a visible baby bump. The reproductive organs distinguish the fetus as male of female. During this semestar most women begin to wear maternitiy chlotes.

THIRD TRIMESTER In this period fetus is growing up rapidly gaining up to 28 g per day. The woman's belly will transform in shape as the belly drops due to the fetus turning in the downward position ready for birth. The fetus begins to move regulary, and it's felt by woman. Fetal movement can can became quite strong and be disruptive to the woman. This period of pregnanc can be kind of uncomfortable for woman.

Comparation of growth between 26 weeks and 40 weeks gestation.

CONCLUSION: I choose to say something about prenatal care in conclusion cause that part of pregnancy is vitally important for the health of the unborn baby. A pregnant woman should be sure to eat a balanced, nutritious diet of frequent, small meals. No medication (not even a nonprescription drug) should be taken except under medical supervision, since it could pass from the mother through the placenta to the developing baby. Drugs taken during the first three months of a pregnancy may interfere with the normal formation of the baby's organs, leading to birth defects. Drugs taken later on in pregnancy may slow the baby's growth rate, or they may damage specific fetal tissue (such as the developing teeth), or cause preterm birth. To have the best chance of having a healthy baby, a pregnant woman should avoid:

smoking alcohol street drugs large amounts of caffeine artificial sweeteners

Source: Nilsson, L., Ingelman Sundeberg A., Wirsen C., Life before birth, 1974.

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