Electrical Symbols & Electronic Symbols

Electrical symbols and electronic circuit symbols are used for drawing schematic diagram. The symbols represent electrical and electronic components.

Table of Electrical Symbols

Symbol

Component name

Meaning

Wire Symbols Electrical Wire Conductor of electrical current

Connected Wires

Connected crossing

Not connected Wires

Wires are not connected

Switch Symbols and Relay Symbols SPST Toggle Switch Disconnects current when open

SPDT Toggle Switch

Selects between two connections

Pushbutton Switch (N.O)

Momentary switch - normally open

Pushbutton Switch (N.C)

Momentary switch - normally closed DIP switch is used for onboard configuration

DIP Switch

SPST Relay Relay open / close connection by an electromagnet SPDT Relay Close connection by jumper insertion on pins. Solder to close connection

Jumper

Solder Bridge Ground Symbols

Earth Ground

Used for zero potential reference and electrical shock protection. Connected to the chassis of the circuit

Chassis Ground

Digital / Common Ground Resistor Symbols Resistor (IEEE) Resistor reduces the current flow. Resistor (IEC)

Potentiometer (IEEE) Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals. Potentiometer (IEC) Variable Resistor / Rheostat(IEEE) Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals. Variable Resistor / Rheostat(IEC) Capacitor Symbols Capacitor Capacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts as short circuit with AC and open circuit with DC.

Capacitor

Polarized Capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor

Polarized Capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor

Variable Capacitor Inductor / Coil Symbols Inductor

Adjustable capacitance

Coil / solenoid that generates magnetic field

Iron Core Inductor

Includes iron

Variable Inductor Power Supply Symbols Voltage Source Generates constant voltage

Current Source

Generates constant current.

AC Voltage Source

AC voltage source Electrical voltage is generated by mechanical rotation of the generator Generates constant voltage

Generator

Battery Cell

Battery

Generates constant voltage Generates voltage as a function of voltage or current of other circuit element. Generates current as a function of voltage or current of other circuit element.

Controlled Voltage Source

Controlled Current Source Meter Symbols Voltmeter

Measures voltage. Has very high resistance. Connected in parallel. Measures electric current. Has near zero resistance. Connected serially. Measures resistance

Ammeter

Ohmmeter

Wattmeter Lamp / Light Bulb Symbols Lamp / light bulb

Measures electric power

Generates light when current flows through

Lamp / light bulb

Lamp / light bulb Diode / LED Symbols Diode Diode allows current flow in one direction only (left to right). Allows current flow in one direction, but also can flow in the reverse direction when above breakdown voltage Schottky diode is a diode with low voltage drop Variable capacitance diode

Zener Diode

Schottky Diode

Varactor / Varicap Diode

Tunnel Diode LED emits light when current flows through Photodiode allows current flow when exposed to light

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Photodiode Transistor Symbols NPN Bipolar Transistor

Allows current flow when high potential at base (middle) Allows current flow when low potential at base (middle) Made from 2 bipolar transistors. Has total gain of the product of each gain. N-channel field effect transistor

PNP Bipolar Transistor

Darlington Transistor

JFET-N Transistor

JFET-P Transistor

P-channel field effect transistor

NMOS Transistor

N-channel MOSFET transistor

PMOS Transistor Misc. Symbols Motor

P-channel MOSFET transistor

Electric motor Change AC voltage from high to low or low to high. Rings when activated

Transformer

Electric bell

Buzzer

Produce buzzing sound

Fuse

Fuse

The fuse disconnects when current above threshold. Used to protect circuit from high currents.

Bus Contains several wires. Usually for data / address.

Bus

Bus Optocoupler isolates onnection to other board Converts electrical signal to sound waves Converts sound waves to electrical signal Amplify input signal Operates with hysteresis to reduce noise. Converts analog signal to digital numbers

Optocoupler / Opto-isolator

Loudspeaker

Microphone

Operational Amplifier

Schmitt Trigger Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC) Crystal Oscillator Antenna Symbols Antenna / aerial

Converts digital numbers to analog signal Used to generate precise frequency clock signal

Transmits & receives radio waves Antenna / aerial

Dipole Antenna Logic Gates Symbols NOT Gate (Inverter)

Two wires simple antenna

Outputs 1 when input is 0

AND Gate

Outputs 1 when both inputs are 1. Outputs 0 when both inputs are 1. (NOT + AND) Outputs 1 when any input is 1. Outputs 0 when any input is 1. (NOT + OR) Outputs 1 when inputs are different. (Exclusive OR) Stores one bit of data

NAND Gate

OR Gate

NOR Gate

XOR Gate

D Flip-Flop

Multiplexer / Mux 2 to 1 Connects the output to selected input line. Multiplexer / Mux 4 to 1 Connects selected output to the input line.

Demultiplexer / Demux 1 to 4

Electronic Components

Electronic components are parts of electrical & electronic circuits. Each component has typical functionality according to its operational characteristics.

Electrical and electronic components table

Component Image Component Symbol Component Name Wire

Toggle switch

Pushbutton switch

Relay

Jumper

Dip switch

Resistor Variable resistor / Rheostat Potentiometer

Capacitor

Variable capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor

Inductor

Battery

Voltmeter

Lamp / Light bulb

Diode

BJT Transistor

MOS transistor Optocoupler / optoisolator Electric motor

Transformer Operational amplifier / 741 Crystal oscillator

Fuse

Buzzer

Loudspeaker

Microphone

Antenna / aerial

Passive components
Passive components do not need additional power source to operate and can not have gain.

Passive components include: wires, switches, resistors, capacitors, inductors, lamps, ...

Active components
Active components need additional power source to operate and can have gain. Active components include: transistors, relays, power sources, amplifiers, ...

Diode symbols
The diode is a semiconductor device that allows the current flow in one direction only. Valve electronic two electrodes called anode or plate and cathode electrode that uses the rectifying properties of a material type P and N semiconductor.
- These symbols can be represented within a circle.

Symbology

Diode symbol semiconductor, rectifier general symbol

Diode symbol semiconductor, rectifier general symbol

Diode symbol

Zener diode limiting diode unidirectional breakdown

Zener diode

Zener diode

Zener diode

Zener diode

Varicap diode Varactor

Varicap diode Varactor

Varicap diode Varactor

Gunn Impatt diode

Voltage suppressor Bidirectional breakdown Diode

Voltage suppressor Diode

Constant current diode

Recovery diode instant Snap

Tunnel diode

Tunnel diode

Tunnel rectifier diode

Schottky diode

Pin diode

Pin diode

Photodiode

LED light emitting diode

Photodiode NPN bidirectional

Photodiode two segments PNP common cathode

Photodiode two segments PNP common cathode

Laser diode

Magnetic diode

Temperature sensitive diode

Diode NPN Bidirectional breakdown

Diode PNP Bidirectional breakdown

Bridge rectifier by 4 diodes

Bridge rectifier by 4 diodes

7-Segment display LED diodes

Bicolor LED dual polarity

5x7 LED alphanumeric sample letter A

Tiristor SCR e dodo:

No caso do tiristor SCR este se assemelha a uma fechadura pelo fato da corrente poder fluir pelo dispositivo em um nico sentido, entrando pelo terminal de anodo e saindo pelo terminal de catodo. No entanto difere de um diodo porque mesmo quando o dispositivo est diretamente polarizado ele no consegue entrar em conduo enquanto no ocorrer a ativao do seu terminal de controle (terminal denominado porta, ou gate em ingls)

Reostato
Funo um resistncia varivel com dois terminais, sendo um fixo e o outro deslizante. Geralmente so utilizados com altas correntes. Variao Contnua: O reostato de variao contnua, comumente denominado potencimetro, apresenta uma resistncia que pode ter qualquer valor entre zero e um valor mximo especfico. Simbolo Foto

Potencimetro
Funo um tipo de resistncia varivel comum, sendo normalmente utilizado para controlar o volume em amplificadores de udio, variadores de tenso, tudo o que ajustvel em funo de um valor varivel de uma resistncia. Simbolo Foto

Resistor symbols
The resistors are passive components manufactured specifically to deliver a given value of resistance to the passage of electric current. The resistors are mainly classified into fixed, variable and special.

Um resistor (frequentemente chamado de resistncia, que na verdade a sua medida) um dispositivo eltrico muito utilizado em eletrnica, ora com a finalidade de transformar energia eltrica em energia trmica por meio do efeito joule, ora com a finalidade de limitar a corrente eltrica em um circuito.[1] Resistores so componentes que tm por finalidade oferecer uma oposio passagem de corrente eltrica, atravs de seu material. A essa oposio damos o nome de resistncia eltrica, que possui como unidade o ohm. Causam uma queda de tenso em alguma parte de um circuito eltrico, porm jamais causam quedas de corrente eltrica. Isso significa que a corrente eltrica que entra em um terminal do resistor ser exatamente a mesma que sai pelo outro terminal, porm h uma queda de tenso. Utilizando-se disso, possvel usar os resistores para controlar a corrente eltrica sobre os componentes desejados. Um resistor ideal um componente com uma resistncia eltrica que permanece constante independentemente da tenso ou corrente eltricaque circular pelo dispositivo. Os resistores podem ser fixos ou variveis. Neste caso so chamados de potencimetros ou reostatos.

Variable resistor Rheostat

Variable resistor preset

Variable resistor Rheostat

Variable resistor preset

Step varaible resistor

Impedance

Step varaible resistor

Variable resistor Potentiometer

Resistor of variation continuous

Variable resistor Potentiometer

Thermistor, NTC Negative temperature coefficient

Preset potentiometer

Thermistor, PTC Positive temperature coefficient

Thermistor

Photoresistor, LDR Light dependent resistor

Varistor, VDR Voltage dependent resistor

Photoresistor, LDR Light dependent resistor Varistor, VDR Voltage dependent resistor

Photoresistor, LDR Light dependent resistor

Varistor, VDR Voltage dependent resistor

Photoresistor, LDR Light dependent resistor

Varistor, VDR Voltage-dependent resistor

Resistor with power supply

Resistor with fixed tappings

Resistor dependent magnetic field

Attenuator

Protection resistor Protection resistor

Resistor not flammable

Heating element

Preset resistor Derivation resistor connections current and voltage