Physics Definitions Newtons First Law Every object will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight

line unless a resultant force acts on it to change its state. Newtons Second Law When a resultant force acts on an object of constant mass, the object will accelerate and move in the direction of the resultant force. The product of mass and acceleration of the object is equal to the resultant force. Newtons Third Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, and these forces act on mutually opposite bodies. Inertia Inertia of an object refers to the reluctance of the object to change its state of rest or motion. Moment Product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force Principle of Moments When a body is in equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same pivot. Centre of Gravity Centre of gravity of an object is defined as the point through which its whole weight appears to act on for any orientation of the object. Principle of Conservation Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed in any process. It can be converted from one form to another or transferred from one body to another, but the total amount remains constant. Work Done Work done by a constant force on an object is given by the product of the force and the distance moved by the object in the direction of the force. Power Power is defined as the rate of work done or the rate of energy conversion Watt One watt is defined as the rate of work done or the energy conversion of one joule per second. Brownian Motion Brownian motion is the random and irregular motion of smoke particles in air or pollen grains in water. caused by the bombardment of air molecules on smoke particles in air or water molecules on pollen grains in water. Conduction

Tingsnotes._11/08/11

Process of thermal energy transfer without any flow of the material medium. Convection Transfer of thermal energy by means of movements in a fluid. Radiation Continual emission of infrared waves from the surface of all bodies, transmitted without the aid of a medium. (Specific) Heat Capacity Amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of (1kg of) a substance by 1K/1C. Latent heat of fusion Of a solid is the amount of thermal energy required to change it from a solid to liquid state, or vice versa, without a change in temperature. Latent heat of vaporization Of a substance is the amount of thermal energy required to change it from liquid to vapour state or vice versa, without any change in temperature. Critical Angle Angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the less dense medium is 90C. Focal Length Distance between the optical centre and focal point. Optical Centre Midway point between lens surface on its principal axis. Ray passing through optical centre not refracted. Focal Point Point at which all rays parallel to the principal axis converge after refraction by the lens. Focal Plane Plane which passes through focal point and principal axis. Transverse waves Are waves that travel in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibration of its particles. Longitudinal waves Are waves that travel in a direction parallel to the direction of vibration of its particles. Current Electric current means rate of flow of electric charge through a given cross section of a conductor. Electromotive Force E.m.f. Is defined as work done by the source in driving a unit charge round a complete circuit.

Tingsnotes._11/08/11

Potential Difference P.d. Amount of electrical energy converted to other forms of energy when one coulomb of positive charge passes between the two points. Resistance Measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to pass through a material. Of a component is defined as the ratio of potential difference across it to the amount of current flowing through it. Ohms law Current passing through a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided physical conditions are consistent. Magnetic Field Region in which a magnetic object, placed within the influence of the field, experiences a magnetic force. Faradays Law of electromagnetic induction The e.m.f. induced in a current is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linking the current. Lenz Law Direction of the induced e.m.f and hence, the induced current in a closed circuit, is always such that its magnetic effect opposes the motion or charge producing it.

Tingsnotes._11/08/11