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Research proposal is an important part of any degree as it convince the supervisor about the purpose of thesis and justifies. However, writing research proposal for Phd degree is critical and challenging. Before writing the Phd research proposal, most of coursework and extensive literature review should have been undertaken by the student. Further Phd research scholars should have solid understanding on the background and previous research done by other researchers. This will help the scholars to identify a research topic and provide materials for proper argument with his/her supervisor. It is always advisable to develop two to three research topics and based on the availability of literature and background materials, final focus on a topic can be developed further. However every research scholar should ask the following questions before deciding on a research topic
What you contribute to your field of study? The study has been already conducted by any other researchers if yes? Where it has been conducted? What is the theoretical framework for the study? What are the research questions or research hypotheses? Whether the study demands primary data? If needed, available? Where to collect data? What will be study design? Number to be targeted? Does it demand pilot study Is the questionnaire already validated or need to develop a new one What are the appropriate methods in analysing the data What are the expected end results? / outcome of the study Can the dissertation/ thesis be done within the time frame set for Phd degree
A research topic and a proposal cannot be done within a week. You need time to develop topic and research proposal. To get more insights, you can visit your library, particularly get familiarize with research methodologies, look for sample products, and ask for copies of past theses that has been approved by the same supervisor. A good Masters or Phd dissertation / thesis proposal is half way to a good thesis. Hence do not take Masters or Phd thesis research proposal lightly as it reflects your knowledge of your field of study.
Research proposal
Set introduction and background State the objectives and significance of your research Show the contribution of your research in advancing the knowledge of your field of study Be focused on your research objectives and questions Provide sound theoretical framework of your study based on comprehensive literature review Add proper citations for your work. Use Latest references (not less than five years) to frame your theoretical framework Persuasive argument and justification Time schedule of your research Likely end results or outcome Writing clearly in Good English
Title Page Abstract of PhD thesis Dissertation research proposal Table of contents Introduction Statement of the problem Literature review Research questions and Hypotheses Research methodology Work Schedule Expected results and implications of Results Tentative Thesis dissertation chapter outline List of references and Bibliography
and strictly follow the same. Further we are aware of plagiarism and tolerance policy and therefore strives to ensure that all the papers sent to our clients are original The expertise will be selected from the field of study and apart from that Tutors India will allot research methodology and statistician in the team. For further assistance please contact our project coordinators specially appointed via +91-9600099967 or contact us. In addition to the assistance in Phd research proposal, Tutors India also assists in presentation and Language. We check for the following before Tutors India dispatch the completed research proposal 1. Presentation
Fonts Sections and Headings Point form In-text citations (for example Smith et al., 1994 or Smith & Jones, 1994 References list
2. language
Sentences Linking devices Overused words Jargon Variation and the use of pronouns for get, depending on the context
Spoken Vs. Written language (example; are obtain, gain, acquire, find) * * Spelling
Grammar
An abstract is a short summary of around 150-300 words, while synopsis is about 10-12 pages which enlightens your important research findings in a dissertation / thesis writing. Be careful while briefing about the various things that you will need to include in your abstract. Introduction, the aims and problems you were working on to solve, what methods you used and conclusions that include the implications of your discoveries are all needs to be included in your abstract.
Problem
thesis
dissertation
attempting
solve.
STEP3 - Methods adopted and statistical techniques used in the thesis / dissertation. STEP4 - State the important findings and conclusion . STEP5 - Significance - this section of the abstract should explain the significance of the results and the usefulness of the same. Most importantly what is expected is, how the research is adding to the knowledge already existing in the field.
Synopsis preparation
A synopsis is developed after completing a full thesis and this can be called as Mini-Thesis as it cover all the details but roughly in 10-12 pages. At Tutors India, we assist in preparing synopsis for the PhD thesis. The PhD synopsis will have following headings*
Introduction Motivation of the study Objectives / Research questions Hypothesis of the study Description of the research work Findings List of publications based on the research work References Proposed content of the thesis / Chapterization details
abstracts. The main parts are - Purpose, Methods, Scope, Results, Conclusions and Recommendations. Do not stick to the phrases as used in the dissertation, rather write down a rough piece of draft first with the main headings and outline heads from your dissertation which you can use a guide in writing your abstract. Organize things in your rough draft by improving at transitions and dropping unnecessary information. Also check your work for grammar and punctuation. 'Abstracts' allow readers to quicly decide whether it worth their time to read the full article or research work. Hence the researcher / student should devote their time to write proper abstracts with appropriate key words and phrases that allow for easy searching in any online databases. At Tutors India, we guide you in writing appropiate abstract & Synopsis for your dissertation / Thesis. Our writers has a rich experience in writing abstracts / Synopsis for Master's Thesis, PhD thesis / Dissertation, even for your exam prepartion help and so on.
Theoretical and conceptual concepts Identification of independent and dependent variables Measurement and operational definitions Sampling strategy Statistical technique Findings and conclusions of similar studies studied
What you are intended to do while preparing a Literature Review? Your task is to thoroughly review any published research on relevant theoretical concepts or models on which you intend to base your dissertation. You should compare and contrast the views and conclusions of a wide range of authors and add your own views. It should be a critical review and not just a regurgitation of the literature. Try to highlight the limitations or contentious aspects of particular studies you have read (for example, their theoretical underpinnings, research design or interpretation of findings) or identify gaps in the literature. The latter may provide a rationale for your own study. However you organise the literature review, it should identify and discuss the key themes and contributions with which you are engaging. Some issues have received a great deal of attention from researchers. Others have received far less attention, perhaps because their origins are relatively recent or because they have simply been neglected. It therefore stands to reason that the number and quality of research studies that will be available to you will depend on your research topic. At the end of your literature review, explain what gaps in the literature you will try to address and/or which particular models/frameworks or ideas you will take forward to help structure your own research.
In short, the research scholar needs to review the theory and the major research critically that provides the immediate background of your problem, and furnishes the uniqueness and importance of the present study with that of earlier published study (identification of research gaps). With the research gaps, a research framework has to be developed based on the available empirical literature that contributes significantly to frame the research. Before writing a Literature review, find suitable models in your area of interest or in the discipline. This will help you to get a sense of the type of themes that you're looking for. Order your sources chronological sources such as by publication or by trend. How Tutors India assist: At Tutors India, we assist in developing exhaustive literature review from various academic sources including journals, text books, and newspaper articles and develop a research framework / conceptual framework, hypothesis and questionnaire with appropriate sources. The Literature review will be done by the experts of Tutors India. All the referencing will be up to date, and sources will be shared to the PhD Research Scholars / students. At least a minimum of eighty references will be used to develop a research framework. Over thousands of students have benefited from our service exclusively for Literature review. Contact us for more assistance
design, which may be either experimental or quasi-experimental. The last two stages are data analysis and finally writing the research paper, which is organised carefully into graphs and tables so that only important relevant data is shown. Types of Research Methods
Data collection Data collection depends on the research design (quantitative or qualitative design). Tutors India helps in a survey tool validation and also online and face to face data collection process. We help you to conduct surveys [in person Interviews: Formal to informal; structured to unstructured; focus group discussion, observations, self-administered questionnaire, diaries, citizen report cards, Delphi techniques, expert judgement, online surveys, secondary sources such as journals, newspaper articles, annual reports, government sources such as census, budgets, policies, procedures, etc. Our Quantitative consulting Benefits The preparation of a sucessful dissertation involves conducting effective research, analysing data and results presentation all which require a high level of statistcal expertise. We at tutorsindia provide solution from formulating methodology to the results presentation. You can approach statswork with any or all of the following steps:
Framing your Research Methodology Study design Sample size calculation and justification Development of questionnaire Statistical techniques
Appropriate selection of statistical tools (parametric and non-parametric) depends on the study design and sample size. The following are some of the statistical tools used by our expertise..
Exlportary data analysis T-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA Chi-square Linear regression Dichotomous logistic regression
Ordinal logistic regression Multinomial logistic regression Quantile regression Poisson regression Survival analysis LogLinear models Factor analysis Principal component analysis Multidimensional scaling Forecasting Decision Tree Neural Network Cluster analysis Multiple imputation An extensive array of graphical procedures
Reliability and validity of results Interpretation of the findings Qualitative Analysis Understanding some aspects of social life and its methods through text rather than numbers, as data for analysis. Although there are criticism for such methodology, you need such methdology that the survey can't answer very well. Some common criticism include:
Findings lack rigour Small sample size Not necessarily representative of the broader population
Focus Group discussion Interview techniques More from the article on How to develop Qualitative Research Designs
Read
We have just provided the framework, to get more insights about our expertise contact us
should be drawn from the main study. The field test findings should looked as a whole, each section and individual questions and appropriate revisions has to be made based on results of preliminary findings. The pilot testing helps you on the following
Questions sequencing Rewording question Time frame to conduct the study or per questionnaire Direction of results Help for sample size calculation
Questionnaire for
Market Scales Leadership questionnaire (style of leadership) Business research questionnaire Buying behaviour questionnaire Product trait/ product image questionnaire Food Frequency Questionnaire 24-hr recall Physical activity questionnaire Epidemiological survey questionnaire Satiety questionnaire Pyschology related questionnaires
And many more...................... In Master's / PhD dissertation questionnaire development is an important step as it decides the study outcome. Before developing a questionnaire, the below guidelines should be followed strictly for the better outcome.
Do not develop a questionnaire when there are questionnaires already available. Hunt for already developed and validated questionnaire which will ease your process. Questionnaire must be understandable and readable Start with general such as socio demographic characteristics, followed by specific. Design draft questionnaire and distribute to the expertise for face and content validity. Pre-test the questionnaire before pilot study Use simple language and appropriate for that particular population Avoid yes or no and double negatives options Use Likert Type Scale Response Anchors
At Tutors India, we help you in the questionnaire development, reliability and validation process. Our expertise have rich experience in developing questionnaire using scales, questions for interview guide, focus group discussion, structured and unstructured questionnaire, open and closed format, matrix and contingency questions. We have trained expertise exclusively for questionnaire development and research framework.
implications. This section requires understanding of statistical analytical terms such as mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, probability value, beta coefficient, confounders, moderators, reliability, validity, cronbachs alpha, chisquare/cross tabulation, etc. Further this section needs to emphasize interpretation of findings with the existing literature and highlighting critically with results (similarity, differences and providing proper justification). Besides, research needs to provide appropriate recommendations, strengths and limitations in terms of the research design, sample size, questionnaire validity, etc while concluding the PhD Thesis. At Tutors India, our experienced researchers have extensive knowledge in handling statistical tools and research methodology, will assists you in developing appropriate conclusion based on the results obtained. Our expertise will provide you justification for each and every line that has been included in your thesis and furnish you appropriate support as well. References and Bibliography In Phd thesis or Masters dissertation referencing is an important part. At Tutors India, we provide proper referencing format as per your request as our expertise has a rich experience in handling different referencing styles. References should be always selective, comprehensive, pertinent and accurate. For referencing style, you need to check with the university format, however, if not try to adhere to any one style of referencing. The following are different format of referencing style. Harvard, APA, BMJ, Chicago, MHRA, MLA, OSCOLA, Oxford, Software, Turabian, Vancouver, IEEE, CSE (CBE), AGS, AGPS, AGLC Examples of different Formats
APA Style
Asha, M. H., Dravidan, D. P., & Harlow, T. (1993). Actions needs to be completed. Journal of Social Psychology, 65, 1195-1207.
Nantulya V, Reich M. The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ 2002;324: 1139.
Vickers A. Guidelines for authors of books medicine. Complement Ther Med 1999;7:245-9.
References from our database Most of the student / research scholar suffer to get appropriate references from websites and moreover some student even difficult to identify appropriate / autheticated references. The sites like blogs, wikis are not usually recommended as a autheticated source for referencing. At Tutors India, in addition to referencing format, we also help you to get appropraite articles from our database. Contact us for more details Defense preparation or Public Viva Voce Examination PhD Defence is a special occasion as all your years of work will be presented and justified within two hours of presentation. Hence more care should be taken on your presentations and other part of the challenge is to convince the external committee members. The PhD thesis presentation should include the following 1. Problem statement 2. Why is it important in current scenario and whats the difference between present and past research 3. Findings of the study 4. Tools used (with proper referencing) 5. Publications, conferences attended if any should be included 6. Awards received as part of your research 7. Not more than 30 slides 8. Do not forget to include in-text references as this add value to your presentation 9. Do not read the slides as the committee presented are experts in your field 10. At last do not forgot to provide a slide on Acknowledgement At Tutors India, we help you to provide appropriate power point slides and also help you in tutoring on how to defend your viva by providing you tips from your own thesis.
section needs to emphasize interpretation of findings with the existing literature and highlighting critically with results (similarity, differences and providing proper justification). Besides, research needs to provide appropriate recommendations, strengths and limitations in terms of the research design, sample size, questionnaire validity, etc while concluding the PhD Thesis. At Tutors India, our experienced researchers have extensive knowledge in handling statistical tools and research methodology, will assists you in developing appropriate conclusion based on the results obtained. Our expertise will provide you justification for each and every line that has been included in your thesis and furnish you appropriate support as well. References and Bibliography In Phd thesis or Masters dissertation referencing is an important part. At Tutors India, we provide proper referencing format as per your request as our expertise has a rich experience in handling different referencing styles. References should be always selective, comprehensive, pertinent and accurate. For referencing style, you need to check with the university format, however, if not try to adhere to any one style of referencing. The following are different format of referencing style. Harvard, APA, BMJ, Chicago, MHRA, MLA, OSCOLA, Oxford, Software, Turabian, Vancouver, IEEE, CSE (CBE), AGS, AGPS, AGLC Examples of different Formats
APA Style
Asha, M. H., Dravidan, D. P., & Harlow, T. (1993). Actions needs to be completed. Journal of Social Psychology, 65, 1195-1207.
Nantulya V, Reich M. The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ 2002;324: 1139.
Vickers A. Guidelines for authors of books medicine. Complement Ther Med 1999;7:245-9. References from our database
Most of the student / research scholar suffer to get appropriate references from websites and
moreover some student even difficult to identify appropriate / autheticated references. The sites like blogs, wikis are not usually recommended as a autheticated source for referencing. At Tutors India, in addition to referencing format, we also help you to get appropraite articles from our database. Contact us for more details Defense preparation or Public Viva Voce Examination PhD Defence is a special occasion as all your years of work will be presented and justified within two hours of presentation. Hence more care should be taken on your presentations and other part of the challenge is to convince the external committee members. The PhD thesis presentation should include the following 1. Problem statement 2. Why is it important in current scenario and whats the difference between present and past research 3. Findings of the study 4. Tools used (with proper referencing) 5. Publications, conferences attended if any should be included 6. Awards received as part of your research 7. Not more than 30 slides 8. Do not forget to include in-text references as this add value to your presentation 9. Do not read the slides as the committee presented are experts in your field 10. At last do not forgot to provide a slide on Acknowledgement At Tutors India, we help you to provide appropriate power point slides and also help you in tutoring on how to defend your viva by providing you tips from your own thesis.