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THE NEW YORK DAILY NEWS

This Is Harlem
The new Negro has no fear.

Quotes
"The Negro must build on his own basis apart from the white mans foundation if he ever hopes to be a master builder."

Marcus Mosiah Garvey

"Sometimes

I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How can anyone deny themselves the pleasure of my company? It's beyond me."
"Negroes

Zora Neale Hurston

- Sweet and docile, Meek, humble, and kind: Beware the day - They change their mind.

Langston Hughes Cue the 1920s, the roaring twenties. Where lavish lifestyles were not only accepted, but encouraged. The Negro people were developing a culture that was theirs, and only theirs. After World War One, they moved upward, in search of the American dream themselves. They ended up settling down in a little place called Harlem, New York. This soulful city was inspiration for songs, books, films, and many other things. It was a peaceful place for colored people to live, a place that emitted a carefree joy that no other place did. And in this neighborhood, a fight for rights, a reinvented culture, and a new way to live began to flourish.

President Coolidge
....I was amazed to receive such a letter. During the war 500,000 colored men and boys were called up under the draft, not one of whom sought to evade it. [As president, I am] one who feels a responsibility for living up to the traditions and maintaining the principles of the Republican Party. Our Constitution guarantees equal rights to all our citizens, without discrimination on account of race or color. I have taken my oath to support that Constitution....

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*At the beginning of the 1920s, African- Americans got the right to vote and surged from the south up to the neighborhood of Harlem. * The Harlem Renaissance was also referred to as the New Negro Movement. *New York was one of the few states that outlawed school segregation. *The Cotton Club was one of the first African- American speakeasies where they would smuggle alcohol into during prohibition. *There were many race riots, but one of the biggest occurred in 1935 when a young black boy was beaten for stealing a piece of candy. *Harlem renaissance was partially due to rising literacy levels amongst African-Americans. *Known as the Harlem Renaissance because Harlem was the center of the change and therefore became a symbol of the change. *Southern black musicians brought jazz music with them to the north and into Harlem. *Harlem renaissance coincided with the jazz age, which means it coincided with prohibition, and speak easies defined the past

The Facts

times and culture of this generation. *The political foundations of Harlem caused blacks to begin to speak out in large numbers against racism *New Negro Movement", was named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. *Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, many French-speaking black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance. *Many of its ideas from the Harlem Renaissance lived on much longer and influenced later artists. *Harlem had originally been developed in the 19th Century as an exclusive suburb for the white middle and upper middle classes. * The Harlem Renaissance was the first time period that publishers and critics "took African American literature seriously and that African American literature and arts attracted significant attention from the nation at large. *There became organizations, such The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, to advocate the equality of African American's. *From the mid-1920s through the mid-1930s, about 16 black writers published over 50 volumes of poetry and fiction novels, an addition to dozens of other black artists that produced their craft in painting, music, and theater.

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Organization Know Or Go
NACCP
University professor W. E. B. Dubois established the NAACP in 1909 which stood for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The NAACP was always an interracial organization and was to be the driving force in the Civil Rights movement. The NAACPs main objective was to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups, like African Americans, in the U.S. and work towards eliminating race prejudice. The NAACP contributed during the Harlem Renaissance by helping to remove all barriers of racial denigrating and discrimination through the democratic processes. obtaining jobs, securing housing and staying healthy. In addition, the League trained black social workers to aid the migrants. The National Urban League also sponsored a magazine, "Opportunity," that promoted black writers. Sociologist Charles S. Johnson, who edited the magazine, initiated yearly dinners in 1924 to introduce black writers of promise to representatives of the white publishing world. Also like the NAACP, the National Urban League spread its influence through the country and, a century later, continues its work today.

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey founded his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914 with a different goal in mind. He accepted only African Americans as members and slandered the intellectualism the NAACP obtained. The UNIA was created for working people and the organization, through Garvey, promoted the idea that the continent of Africa be the black people of the world. Garveys charisma influenced many blacks to succumb their entire life savings to his causes. After being convicted of mail fraud in the 1930s, Garvey spent two years in a federal prison, and interest in the organization faded.

National Urban League

Like the NAACP, the National Urban League, founded in 1911, accepted members of all races and promoted integration. The League took a practical, rather than philosophical, approach to improving the social and economic conditions of the African-Americans pouring into Harlem. As part of their mission, the organization offered counseling to those uprooted from the South on

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Entertainment
Ella Fitzgerald had a wildly successful singing career. She won 13 Grammys and sold over 40 million albums. Her classically beautiful tone and African American roots made her incredibly famous and idolized by the people of Harlem.

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Film Of Harlem

Bill Bojanges Robinson was an African- American tap dancer and actor of stage and film. His expressive face and quick feet impressed audiences all over. He is best known for dancing with Shirley Temple. Josephine Baker was an African- American dancer, singer and actress. She gained momentum in her career in America for her provocative dancing. Then became an international musical and political icon. Bessie Smith was an AfricanAmerican blues singer. She was nick- named The Empress of the Blues and is regarded one of the greatest singers of the 1920s. Her style has a major influence of modern day jazz and blues. William Count Basie played the piano and was an incredibly composer. He directed a large swing and jazz band in which he occasionally played in. He composed many popular songs, including One OClock Jump and April in Paris.

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Literature Of Harlem
James Weldon Johnson
James Weldon Johnson was a novelist, poet, songwriter, and a major contributor to the Harlem renaissance movement. He accomplished many things for the movement in his life. He was the co- composer of the song Lift every voice and sing which was named the Negro national anthem by the NAACP, which later on in his life, he became a leader in. In 1912, he anonymously published the book, The Autobiography of an Ex- Colored Man. He also published an autobiography in 1933 called Along This Way. said, We Negro writers, just by being black, have been on the blacklist all our lives . . . Censorship for us begins at the color line. Because of Langstons accomplishments, African Americans began to be taken seriously in the literary community.

Zora Neale Hurston

Zora Neale Hurston was one of the most influential female writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Since she was born in 1891, and she died in 1960, Zora got to see all of the Harlem Renaissance happen. Not only was she an author, but also an anthropologist and folklorist. Her most notable work is Their Eyes Were Watching God, which is one of the most popular books about the Harlem Renaissance. Though she died in poverty and obscurity, she is now famous after her death.

Claude McKay
Claude McKay was a poet, novelist, and journalist. His full name was actually was Festus Claudias McKay, he was born in Sunnyville Jamaica. He was the youngest of eleven so his parents had shipped him off to go live with his eldest brother was in fact a school teacher, so he would be given the best education he could get! McKay had begun writing poetry at age 10. By the time he had immigrated to the United States he was known as a poet and had 2 volumes of dialect verse songs of Jamaica (1912) and Constab Ballads (1912). He first encountered the reality of racism at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, which was mostly the base of all his writing. He moved to New York and married his sweetheart Eulalie Imelda Lewers. During the Harlem Renaissance he wrote two poems Invocation and The Harlem Dancer he was also quite famous for writing Home to Harlem. Claude McKay died of heart failure in 1948.

Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri. He was raised in a total of three states: Kansas, Illinois, and Ohio, by a combination of his mother or grandmother at different times in his life. He began writing at an early age, and was named class poet in his eighth grade year. He was one of the major literary giants of Harlem during the twenties and thirties; like many African Americans at the time, Hughes was greatly influenced by the renaissance taking place in this part of New York. He would often go to nightclubs with a pad of paper, prepared to people watch, writing down his observations and drawing inspiration from the culture of Harlem itself. His poems endure to this day, and his name is practically synonymous with the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes once

Jean Toomer
Jean Toomer, born December 26, 1894 was an American poet and novelist who was also a significant figure in the Harlem Renaissance. In 1914, Toomer enrolled in college, majoring in Agriculture. From 1920 to 1922, Toomer wrote passionately, creating poems, essays, short stories and letters. During March of 1921, Jean substituted as an administrator at the Sparta Agricultural and Industrial Institute in Hancock County, Georgia, where he experienced the lives of rural blacks for the first time, an experience that strongly influenced Cane. Published in 1923, Cane was Toomers only novel, but is also known as his most successful. After Cane, Toomer published some poems and essays, but never another novel. 5

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Assessment.
Name:______________________
1. How did the Harlem Renaissance end? A. In a gust of wind. B. Government banned it. C. Harlem burned down. D. Riots and the Great Depression. 5. What famous piece of literature by Zora Neale Hurston came out of this period? E. Their Eyes Were Watching God F. Passing G. The Modern Negro H. Gone With the Wind

2. Which one of these is not a Negro rights association? A. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. B. National Urban League. C. Negros For New Life. D. Universal Negro Improvement Association.

6. Who founded the NAACP? E. Langston Hughes F. W. E. B. DuBois G. Katie Weber H. Darthaniel Personnel

3. What was Harlem? A. A person. B. A neighborhood. C. A movement. D. A speakeasy.

7. What marked the start of the Harlem Renaissance? E. The Dark Mark in the sky F. The Great Depression G. Katniss volunteering as a tribute H. The end of WW1 and the new rights that African- Americans had gained

4. What was the name of the first all black Broadway musical? A. Just Keep Going B. Shuffle Along C. Harlem Days D. Harlem Nights

8. Short Answer: (Not in the guide, so use your brain!) How does the Harlem Renaissance affect your life?