SYNOPSIS ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

(B. Tech.)

Synopsis no.3
For the period from Name of Company/Organization & Address : 1 FEB 2012 to 31 MARCH 2012 : Bharti Airtel Ltd.Rajiv Gandhi Technology Park,Chandigarh Department/Section in which training going on : Network Team,GSM basics and LAN/ WAN Operations Training timing Lunch Break Training managers Name & Designation Contact Phone/mobile of the student 1) In the company 2) At residence Whether training is for 5 days or 6 days a week Off days PROJECT REPORT : 9988736164 : 9988736164 :6 : SUNDAY : NYA : 9.00am to 5. 00Pm : 1pm -1.30pm : Mr.Vibhu shorey , (manager)

TRAINING MANAGER/GUIDE Signature Name: Mr.Vibhu Shorey Designation: Centre Head Department: NETWORK SECURITY Seal

SUBMITTED BY Name: POOJA VERMA Brach: ECE Univ. Roll No: 81201108074 Contact No: 9988736164 *E-mail: poo.verma90@yahoo.com Date of Submission
1

CONTENTS

S. No. 1. 2. 3.

Text ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COMPANY PROFILE TRAINING REPORT

3.1 HANDOVER 3.1.1 Handover Procedure 3.1.2 Handover Measurements 3.1.3 Handover Conditions 3.1.4 Handover Types 3.1.5 Handover Success Rate 3.2 RF PLANNING 3.2.1 Capacity Planning 3.2.2 Covrage Planning 3.2.3 Frequency Planning 3.2.4 Site Visit 3.3 RF SURVEY 3.3.1 Before survey 3.3.2 Equipments Used 3.3.3 During Survey

Page no. 3 4 5
5 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 14

4. 5.

PROJECT REPORT BIBLIOGRAPHY

NYA 16

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Every piece of creation is originated by the zeal of hard work and determination and to put the effort into action, a lot many factors may influence. Nothing concrete can be achieved without optimum inspiration and perspiration. The phenomenon of creation is very long and involves time consuming process, energy, dedication as well as the skills and experience of the persons involved in the task. Joining BHARTI AIRTEL LTD. as a trainee gave me a solid platform for nourishing my professional career. I t g i v e s m e i m m e n s e p l e a s u r e t o e x p r e s s m y deepest gratitude towards all those persons who have been a vital part of this creation. But thinking them all specifically seems to be impossible, so in order to fit into the framework of words and acknowledgement, we would like to thank the following people for their precious guidance and support. My heartiest thanks to Mr. VIBHU SHOREY for providing me the environment that really nourished me to endeavor my professional career. Their continuous backup and motivation always inspired me and acted as a morale booster for me. A sincere thanks to Lt.COL. N.S.Jhulka (Training Officer) of our college who were a great source of inspiration and encouragement. Last but not the least, I express my deep felt gratitude to my parents and friends without whose moral support and encouragement,

POOJA VERMA 8th Sem (ECE)

2. COMPANY PROFILE
Bharti Airtel is the flagship company of Bharti enterprises. The Bharti Group has a diverse business portfolio and has created global brands in the telecommunication sector. Airtel comes from Bharti Airtel Ltd., Indias largest integrated and the first private telecom services provider with a footprint in all the 23 telecom circles and more than 62 million mobile subscribers as of March 2008. The company also provides telephone services and Internet access over DSL in 14 circles. The company complements its mobile, broadband & telephone services with national and international long distance services. The company also has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. In August 2006 the company awarded Ericsson an extension to the existing contract of US$1bn to upgrade and develop its GSM/GPRS network. This services agreement saw Ericsson manage design, development and deployment of the network, including capacity and coverage, enabling the operator to expand in rural India and reach out to all the towns and cities across 15 regions. According to the statistics, India adds 5 million mobile subscribers per month across the board and one quarter of these become Bharti subscribers. Ericsson is a long term partner of Bharti and manages more than 70% of the companys existing GSM/GPRS network within 15 of the 23 Indian telecom regions. In other eight regions, Bharti Airtel also signed a $400m network expansion contract with Nokia in Oct. 2006 to expand its managed GSM/GPRS/EDGE networks in eight regions not covered by Ericsson. The eight telecom regions include Mumbai, Maharashtra and Goa, Gujarat, Bihar (including Jharkhand), Orissa, Kolkata, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh (including Chhatisgarh). Bharti as Bharti TeleVentures has also been preparing for an advanced IP network by signing a ten year deal in 2004 with IBM for a managed service delivery platform in a deal that could be worth over US$750m. Bharti TeleVentures also signed a five-year managed services agreement with Nortel Networks in March 2006. Nortel is hosting contact centre services for more than 19.7 million subscribers to Bharti's Airtel GSM mobile, broadband and fixed-line services. Nortel will create a network operations centre in New Delhi and provide network design,integration, support and maintenance services for Bharti's contact centre architecture.

3. TRAINING REPORT

3.1 HANDOVER
The GSM handover process uses a mobile assisted technique for accurate and fast handovers, in order to: Maintain the user connection link quality. Manage traffic distribution The overall handover process is implemented in the MS,BSS & MSC. Measurement of radio subsystem downlink performance and signal strengths received from surrounding cells, is made in the MS. . The BSS measures the uplink performance for the MS being served and also assesses the signal strength of interference on its idle traffic channels. Initial assessment of the measurements in conjunction with defined thresholds and handover strategy may be performed in the BSS. Assessment requiring measurement results from other BSS or other information resident in the MSC, may be perform. in the MSC.

3.1.1 HANDOVER PROCEDURE The MS assists the handover decision process by performing certain measurements. When the MS is engaged in a speech conversation, a portion of the TDMA frame is idle while the rest of the frame is used for uplink (BTS receive) and downlink (BTS transmit) timeslots. During the idle time period of the frame, the MS changes radio channel frequency and monitors and measures the signal level of the six best neighbor cells. Measurements which feed the handover decision algorithm are made at both ends of the radio link.

MS END At the MS end, measurements are continuously signalled, via the associated control channel, to the BSS where the decision for handover is ultimately made. MS measurements include: Serving cell downlink quality (bit error rate (BER) estimate).
5

Serving cell downlink received signal level, and six best neighbor cells downlink received signal level. The MS also decodes the Base Station ID Code (BSIC) from the six best neighbor cells, and reports the BSICs and the measurement information to the BSS.

BTS END The BTS measures the uplink link quality, received signal level, and MS to BTS site distance. If the MS can be served by a neighbor cell at a lower power, the handover is recommended. From a system perspective, handover may be considered due to loading or congestion conditions. In this case, the MSC or BSC tries to balance channel usage among cells.

3.1.2 HANDOVER MEASUREMENTS The following measurements is be continuously processed in the BSS : Measurements reported by MS on SACCH - Down link RXLEV - Down link RXQUAL - Down link neighbor cell RXLEV Measurements performed in BSS - Uplink RXLEV - Uplink RXQUAL - MS-BS distance - Interference level in unallocated time slots 3.1.3 HANDOVER CONDITIONS Handover is done on five conditions Interference - If signal level is high and still there is RXQUAL problem, then the RXQUAL problem is because of interference. RXQUAL - It is the receive quality. It ranges from 0 to 7 , 0 being the best and 7 the worst RXLEV - It is the receive level. It varies from -47dBm to -110dBm. Timing Advance - Ranges from 0 to 63. Power budget - It is used to save the power of the MS.
6

3.1.5 HAND OVER SUCCESS RATE The handover success rate shows the percentage of successful handovers of all handover attempts. A handover attempt is when a handover command is sent to the mobile. If HOSR will be good TCH drop will also be good. If Handover success rate degrades call drop rate will take place.

REASONS FOR POOR HOSR Improper Neighbor planning. Parameter Check. LAC boundary. DAC value mismatch. Overshoot. HW Issues. Low Coverage SOLUTIONS FOR REMOVAL OF HOSR 1.Arrange Drive Test The best way to find the real issues for HO fail make DT and check layer 3 msg for HO fail. By DT it is very easy to find the fail between cells.

2.Neighbour Tuning: Try to retune neighbors Avoid CO-BCCH-BSIC neighbors. Avoid extra neighs. Delete long distance neighs. Check neighs are defined form both ends. If there are high fail delete and recreate neighs.

REPORTS FOR HOSR 153 reports for HO fail bw two cells. 154 HO analyses. 60 for discrepancy.. 61 for one way neigh. ZEAT for CO-BCCH-BSIC neighs 74 for HO definition report. ZELO for inter MSC HO report. 150 for high HO fail. 157 for high HO attempt and call ratio.

3.2 RF PLANNING
Achieving maximum capacity while maintaining an acceptable grade of service and good speech quality is the main issue for the network planning. Planning an immature network with a limited number of subscribers is not the real problem. The difficulty is to plan a network that allows future growth and expansion. Total planning process can be divided in to three parts Capacity Planning Coverage Planning Site survey Planning tools Tools are the software packages that help for planning the network. Some of the software packages used in cellular network planning are Networking planning system (NPS/X) Network measurement system (NMS/X) developed by Nokia

Cellular planning with NPS/X is based on utilization of digitized map and measurement results. The design database includes the parameters of the base stations, antennas, propagation models and system parameters.

3.2.1 CAPACITY PLANNING Network dimensioning Network Dimensioning (ND) is usually the first task to start the planning of a given cellular network. The main result is an estimation of the equipment necessary to meet the following requirements. Capacity Coverage Quality ND gives an overall picture of the network and is used as a base for all further planning activities. Network dimensioning input The inputs are Capacity related Spectrum available. Subscriber growth forecast Traffic density map (Traffic per subs) Coverage related Coverage regions Area types information Quality related Blocking probability Indoor coverage. The operator Capacity calculation The capacity of a given network is measured in terms of the subscribers or the traffic load that it can handle. The former requires knowledge of subscriber calling habits (average traffic per subscriber) while the latter is more general. The steps for calculating the network capacity are Find the maximum no of carriers per cell that can be reached for the different regions based on the frequency reuse patterns and the available spectrum. Calculate the capacity of the given cell using blocking probability and the number of carriers. Finally the sum of all cell capacities gives the network capacity
10

3.2.2 COVERAGE PLANNING The objective of coverage planning phase in coverage limited network areas is to find a minimum amount of cell sites with optimum locations for producing the required coverage for the target area. Coverage planning is normally performed with prediction modules on digital map database. The basic input information for coverage planning includes: Coverage regions Coverage threshold values on per regions (outdoor, in-car, indoor) Antenna (tower height limitations) Preferred antenna line system specifications Preferred BTS specification Activities such as propagation modeling, field strength predictions and measurements are usually referred to as coverage planning.

3.2.3 FREQUENCY PLANNING The main goal of the frequency-planning task is to increase the efficiency of the spectrum usage, keeping the interference in the network below some predefined level. Therefore it is always related to interference predictions. There are two basic approaches to solve the frequency assignment problem. Frequency reuse patterns Automatic frequency allocation Some softwares are used with automatic frequency allocation algorithms for finding the optimum solutions. The frequency allocation is generally guided by the following information: Channel requirement on cell basis according to the capacity planning Channel spacing limitations according to BTS specification Quality of service requirement which is conserved to acceptable interference probability Traffic density distribution over the service area

3.2.4 SITE VISIT When we visit the problematic site for RF Planning we must ask three simple questions which will help us are Why was this site put up ? We must know if the site was installed for capacity or coverage. If it was for capacity we should know if it should offload the traffic of some existing sites and if it should generate traffic of its own.
11

Also if the site in question is a hotspot or not. If the site was installed for coverage we should know exactly the area it is supposed to cover and if there is some existing coverage in that area. Will this selected site serve that purpose ? Once we are clear about the objective of installing the site we must analyze if the site in question serves that purpose or not. It is important that the selected site serves its objective. What are the problems and how can I solve them Some of the common problems could be as follows The neighboring sites cause interference to the proposed site. The site is a cause of interference to some existing sites. If there is a possibility of a backlobe or sidelobe problem. There could be some near end obstruction

3.3 RF SURVEY
RF survey is carried out to find out suitable location for BTS cell site giving best desired result on RF. RF Survey is done after the RF planning. RF planning data is created based on indoor & outdoor coverage criteria in the circle where mobile services are to be provided. RF survey is important because it gives visual details to RF planner. Based on these details planner can create better model.

3.3.1 BEFORE SURVEY Before heading to the 'Site Survey' region, it is extremely important to make a complete analysis of that region. For this, all available resources should be used: Aerial Photos, Google Earth, Maps, etc... Important: Always take the printed data with you: the areas of interest highlighted, with a longer zoom and a smaller one, especially in the focus area. 3.3.2 EQUIPMENTS USED Camera: for photos. Batteries: for the Camera. MAP INFO Binoculars: to view other distant points, such as possible transmission sites. Compass: orientation of azimuths. Phones with Test Mode enabled: to check the signal. Proper Climbing Equipment: if you need to climb a tower. Small Notepad: for quick notes, that fits in your pocket
12

3.3.3 DURING SURVEY The basic concepts of the 'Site Survey' are very simple, and it is worth only noting is intended for you to indicate one or more points as possible candidates. These points candidates must be within a region known as 'Search Ring'. Although the name suggests, this polygon can be any shape, even a square. Such points are recorded in a proper report, following the processes and documents of each company, and should also rank some priority for each point (the best for the worst indicated). This is because, maybe the first indicated point has a problem, as an owner that don't want to rent, transmission problems, unavailability of infrastructure, etc.. Moreover, the more points allow a better margin for trading in the area responsible for this engagement. To avoid these problems, it is interesting that the 'Site Survey' be conducted togheter with the areas of RF, Transmission, and Infrastructure, Contract and other that apply.

Fig No 4 Take photos When you take panoramic shots, it is important to know the orientation of each photo. To achieve this in the field, first, with the compass, identify where the North is (0 degrees). And make markings on the floor as possible - in the dust of the ground, with a stone, etc. So when you take the photos, just follow the guidelines. Mark down the positions from 0 degrees to 360 degrees divided by 45 to 45 degrees, and take photos.
13

 Site sharing An increasingly common issue today is the sharing of infrastructure between operators. This sharing includes antennas. There are companies that specialize in 'Site Sharing', ie companies that have their own infrastructure (such as Towers) and provide for those have interest, via rental payment for example. Moreover, it is necessary to know the premises for sharing that your company have. That is, the priority you need to know: Choose to share in the first place, whenever possible, in order to speed up the process; Try to set the most exclusive points, indicating only share a last resource. This represents more spending, but may be the company's strategy and therefore must be followed.

14

4.Project Report

NIL

15

5. Bibliography

www.radio-electronics.com www.Telecomsewa.com en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM

Daily Diary

16