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Book I 1. What are the three reasons given for Junos enmity toward Aeneas and the Trojans?

- Juno loved Carthage and it was prophesied that Trojan descendents would overthrow Carthage. - She was mad about the old war carried on at Troy. - She was mad about a judgment that Paris made. 2. To what historical event do the following lines refer: But she [Juno] had heard that a scion of Trojan blood / would someday level Carthages citadel? Were not there in Story Time yet, but you should know this from World History. If you dont remember it, look it up! - Third Punic War, specifically the Battle of Carthage 3. In Junos speech to herself, she references a specific event that occurred during the Trojan War in which a goddess punished humans. Who was the goddess, and what did she do to the human(s)? Why did she do this? For the last question, youll probably need to look up the answer, unless youre a beast at mythology. - Athena destroyed a fleet of ships and impaled a man named Ajax because she was angry about the rape of Cassandra. 4. Why does Juno bring this example (the answer to #3) up in the first place? - She is wondering how Athena got rid of her enemy so fast, while she has been after the Trojans for years. 5. The episode involving Aeolus, Juno, the storm, and Neptune has sometimes been described by modern critics as a metaphor for the last Roman Civil War of the Republic (the one between Octavian and Antony). Do you agree or disagree with this claim? Give evidence to support your arguments. If you need to, research the last Roman Civil War to help you with your arguments. Also, please write in complete sentences for this answer. - This episode is vaguely similar to the last Roman Civil War of the Republic, however the connection is vague. The storm would obviously be the war, Juno and Aeolus would be Cleopatra and Anthony, and Neptune would be Octavian. I do not think there is sufficient evidence to definitively point in either direction, that of a metaphor or that of none. 6. How would you characterize Aeneas based on his FIRST speech (i.e., the one during the middle of the storm)? A few words will suffice. - Coward (he is obviously quite scared), exhausted (he wishes that he had already died), and worried that he will die without honor and glory (he is jealous of all the warriors who are now famous for dying on the battlefield) 7. How would you characterize Aeneas based on his SECOND speech (i.e., the one after the Trojans land on shore)? A few words will suffice. - Aeneas seems confident and encouraging.

8. In Venus speech to Jupiter, she uses an example to add force to her argument. What is her main argument, and what example does she use to support her argument? -Venus is upset that her beloved Aeneas is still lost at sea with all his men with no end in sight for the suffering and she brings up Antenor and how he was able to travel to a new land and settle with his people. Venus thinks that it is unfair. 9. Briefly provide a timeline for Jupiters prophesy for the Roman people. In other words, how long will Aeneas rule? Who will succeed him? How long will that person rule? Who comes next? What are the names of the towns involved? -Aeneas will rule for three years (three summers and three winters) and then he will pass his rule to Ascanius, who will rule for either 30 years or 30 months (I think its 30 years). After that he will move the throne to a new place and name the city Alba Longa. Here his people will rule for 300 years until a royal priestess Ilia has two twins, Romulus and Remus. Romulus will then found Rome. Jupiter has given no limit to the duration of their possessions. 10. Aeneas encounters his mother disguised as a huntress. Venus tells him a little about what shore he has landed on. According to Venus, why did Dido flee her homeland of Tyre (modern-day Lebanon)? Make sure you include Sychaeus and Pygmalion in your answer. -Didos evil brother Pygmalion, who wanted the throne for himself, killed Sychaeus, Didos husband. Pygmalion concealed the act from his sister, but Sychaeus visited Dido in a dream and told her to run away. 11. How does Aeneas react when he figures out that the huntress is his mother? -He is upset that she did not tell him it was her before she went away. 12. How is it that Aeneas and Achates (his right-hand man) are not seen as they walk through the city gates of Carthage? -Venus veils them in clouds. 13. To what are the Carthaginian workers compared? This is one of Vergils most famous epic similes, by the way. -The workers are compared to bees in the early summer 14. What do Aeneas and Achates see on the temple walls of Carthage? Dont go into detailjust tell me the overall theme of the murals. -He sees the battles of Troy in chronological order. 15. To whom is Dido compared when she first appears? -She is compared to the goddess Diana. 16. Who is Ilioneus, and what does he say to Dido? -Ilioneus is the eldest of the men that were lost and separated from Aeneas and the rest of their group. He tells Dido that they are not there for violence. He tells her a brief history of their journey and asks that she take pity on them and allow them to rest in her city and regroup in order to head back to Italy.

17. After Aeneas reveals himself and Dido welcomes the Trojans, Aeneas sends Achates back to the ships to get Ascanius and some presents for the queen. What are the presents? -A golden robe, a cloak worn by Helen, a scepter, a necklace of pearls, and a double coronet of jewels and gold, 18. Venus then concocts a scheme. What does she propose to Cupid? -Venus is worried that Juno will try and turn Dido against Aeneas and so she sends Cupid to make Dido fall in love with Aeneas. 19. At the very end of the book, what does Dido ask Aeneas to do? -She asks him to tell her about Troy and his entire journey. Book II 20. What does Laocon warn the Trojans NOT to do? -He didnt want them to accept the gift because he thought that it was certainly a trick or a hiding place for soldiers. 21. Who is Sinon, and why does he say he was left behind? -He is an estranged Greek youth, who the Greeks wanted to sacrifice. He escapes however, and they then leave him behind. 22. According to Sinon, why did the Greeks build the horse? -It was an offering to Pallas (aka Athena), who had turned against the Greeks after they molested one of her temples. 23. What epically intense event happens to Laocon and his two sons after Sinon finishes speaking? -Two serpents jump up from the sea and kill him and his two sons (punishment for calling the horse a trick) and then they slither over to Pallass temple. 24. As the Trojans pulled the horse into the city, there were two final omens which the Trojans ignored. What were they? -??? Do these omens have to do with Cassandra? 25. Whom does Aeneas see in a dream? What does this person tell Aeneas to do? -Hector, a dead hero. He tells Aeneas that the Greeks have infiltrated his city and he wants Aeneas to escape (I think) 26. Aeneas assembles a small group of soldiers. What do they do once they defeat Androgeos and his band of troops? -They steal the Greek armor and pretend to be Greek soldiers so that they can ambush their enemies. 27. Who is Pyrrhus, and to what is he compared? -He is a Greek warrior and he is compared to a poisonous snake.

28. In what way does Priam compare Pyrrhus and Achilles? -Pyrrhus is Achilles son, and he is said to have Achilles strength. 29. What does Pyrrhus do to Priam? -He kills Priams son in front of him, drags him through his sons blood, and then kills him by stabbing him. 30. To what do the following lines refer: Although there is no heroic name / in killing a woman, no victory, / I will be praised for snuffing out evil / and meting out justice.? -Aeneas is going to kill Helen because she started this war. 31. Once again, Venus appears to Aeneas and orders him to do something. What are her commands? -Venus tells him to go save his family rather than killing Helen, as it is not her fault but the fault of the gods that Troy has fallen. 32. What two omens occur which convince Anchises to leave Troy with Aeneas and the rest of the family? -Iuluss head catches fire but he is not injured and then they all see a shooting star. 33. Why does Aeneas go back into the city? -He is looking for his wife, Creusa, who was lost/killed. 34. What is unusual about Creusa when Aeneas sees her again? -She is in a form greater than Aeneas had known aka dead and he is seeing her ghost. Book III 35. Aeneas and his men first land in Thrace where they found a city called Aeneadae. Why do they abandon this city? -There is a bad omen. Aeneas tried to break off a branch from a tree to cover the alter and the tree drips black blood. 36. Once on the island of Delos, Apollo tells Aeneas, the land that bore you from paternal stock / will welcome you back to her fruitful bosom. / Seek your ancient mother. How does Anchises first interpret this prophecy? -He thinks that Apollo is telling Aeneas to go to Crete, where his ancestors are from. 37. What is the name of the new city that Aeneas founds? -The city is named Pergamun 38. What appears to Aeneas in a dream to tell him hes not where he is supposed to be? What further instruction is Aeneas given in this dream?

- Phygian, a household deity, appears and tells him that he needs to return to Italy not Crete. He wants Aeneas to convince his father this. 39. Why is Celaeno so upset? What prophecy does she reveal for Aeneas? -She is upset because Aeneas and his crew ate her cattle. She says that Italy is the right destination but they will not succeed in building their promised city until they suffer a long hunger. 40. According to Andramache, what happened to Pyrrhus? -Orestes killed him after he sold his wife into slavery. 41. Helenus gives a really long prophecy. What animal does Helenus say Aeneas will see to mark the site of his future city? -She says he will see a white sow with thirty piglets. 42. Above all else, what does Helenus encourage Aeneas to do? -She tells him to avoid the shoreline and waters to the right. 43. According to Helenus, what will Aeneas find at Cumae? -She tells him that he will finds a frenzied prophetess named Sibyl. 44. Who is the first of the Trojans to extend friendship to Achaemenides? What significance, if any, does this have? -? 45. What happens at Drepanum? -Aeneass father dies. Book IV 46. At the beginning of Book IV, Dido and her sister, Anna, have a long discussion about Aeneas. What does Dido confess to Anna? Why is Dido conflicted? -Dido confesses that she wants to marry Aeneas, but she is conflicted because she swore never to marry again when she became a widow. 47. What is the main thrust of Annas argument? -Anna argues that the size of Carthage would increase immensely and that the dead do not care. 48. To what animal is Dido compared in another famous simile? -Dido is compared to a doe that has been shot by an arrow. 49. How would you characterize Junos tone in her speech to Venus? - Juno is clearly lying to Venus, and accordingly her tone seems fake. 50. What plan do Juno and Venus agree upon?

-They are going to create a horrible storm that will drive the two into a cave together to seek shelter. While there, Juno and Venus will marry them. 51. What does Rumor look like? - She is fast, and growing quickly. First she is small, but then she grows until her head is in the clouds. She is birdlike, with feathers, a screeching tongue, many ears, and many eyes. 52. Identify the speaker, the addressee, and the circumstances: And now this Paris, with his crew of eunuchs, / the bonnet on his pomaded hair tied with ribbons / beneath his chin, makes off with the prize / while we, who bring offerings to temples / your temples are worshiping an empty name. - Iarbus, Zeuss son, is speaking to Jupiter because he is jealous of the news Rumor brings and wants Jupiter to stop the marriage. 53. Some scholars have argued that Vergil is purposefully comparing Aeneas to Marc Antony at this point in the poem. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Feel free to include quotes from Jupiter and Mercurys speeches to supplement your arguments. Please write in complete sentences for this answer. 54. Read again Aeneas reply when Dido confronts him about leaving her. Consider this quote from T.E. Page, a Vergilian scholar: Not all Virgils art can make the figure of Aeneas here appear other than despicableto an appeal that would move a stone, Aeneas replies with the cold and formal rhetoric of an attorney. Agree or disagree? Why? Please write in complete sentences for this answer. 55. Why does Dido want Anna to build the pyre? Im looking for the reason she gives to Anna, NOT the real reason. 56. To whom does this line refer: And from my (i.e., Didos) bones may some avenger rise up / to harry the Trojans with fire and sword, / now and whenever we have the power.? -Dido is referring to the Carthaginians. 57. What is Iris role at the end of Book IV? -Iris is going to kill Dido so she doesnt put herself on the pyre.

Book V 58. After landing back on Sicily, Aeneas holds funeral games to honor the memory of Anchises. As he prays to Anchises before the games, what omen does he observe? -He sees a snake with seven shinning coils and blue-green markings that slithers through the altar. 59. During the boat race, one of the captains, Gyas, does something extraordinary. What was it? -Gyas throws his captain Menoetes off the ship because he didnt listen to Gyas and now they are not in the lead.

60. Although he was ahead for most of the footrace, why did Nisus NOT win? -He slipped on the blood of a slaughtered ox. 61. During the archery contest, what happened to Acestes arrow? -The arrow spontaneously combusted in the air. 62. What is Iris role in Book V? -He is trying to stop the Trojans from reaching Italy. 63. Nautes and the ghost of Anchises both encourage Aeneas to do what? -They encourage Aeneas to stop the burning of his ships so that they can settle in Italy. Nautes tells Aeneas that the people that want to stay behind can make their own city in Sicily. 64. Anchises also commands Aeneas to go to what place? Why? -Anchises wants to meet with Aeneas in the deeps of Avernus so that he can learn about the future of his people and his empire. 65. To whom is Jupiter referring when he tells Venus that one man only will be lost at sea, / one life given for many.? 66. An argument has been made that the odd-numbered books of the Aeneid are meant to give the listener/reader a break from the dramatic tension of the even-numbered books. Based on the content of Books I-V, do you agree or disagree with this argument? Why? Please write in complete sentences for this answer. Book VI 67. Describe what is engraved on the temple doors at Cumae. -In the entrance way, Androgeneos death appears, then Cecrops children, and then an urn. On the other door, there was the land of crete and the story of the Minotaur and Deadalus. 68. Describe the Sibyls physical transformation after the Trojans make their sacrifice. - She grew taller and she no longer sounded like a mortal. 69. What does the Sibyl prophesy for Aeneas immediate future? -She says that they face even more terror on land, more vicious wars, and he will marry a foreign bride. 70. Aeneas then asks the Sibyl to lead him to the Underworld. What item does the Sibyl say Aeneas must have in order to get to the Underworld? - The Sibyl says he needs to pick a bough that is gold? (Either that or metallic?) 71. Aeneas notices a bunch of people standing around Charon. According to the Sibyl, why are those people there? ?

72. How do Aeneas and the Sibyl get past Cerberus? (canis dominum frustr custodiebat.) ? 73. Do you think Aeneas is being sincere in his speech to Didos ghost? Why/why not? Is Didos reaction appropriate? Why/why not? Please write in complete sentences for this answer. -No, I do not think that he is being sincere. When he cries it says that he is crying out of pity, not out of pain or guilt. This makes his speech seem phony and if I were Dido, I would have walked away too. 74. Aeneas then sees Deiphobus, whose body is mangled and who has no hands (hooks, maybe?). According to Deiphobus, who murdered him? -He says that his wife betrayed him. 75. Book VI concludes with Anchises revealing the future of Rome to Aeneas. After showing many future famous Romans (reincarnation, I suppose?), Anchises gives Aeneas the grand mission of the Roman people. What is it? How is it different from other cultures? Bonus Question: The very end of Book VI has confounded scholars for 2000 years. Anchises has revealed the future of Rome and has given Aeneas the divine mission of the Roman people. Why, then, does Vergil have Aeneas exit the Underworld through the Gate of Ivory, which is the gate of false dreams? Is Vergil making a statement about the future of Rome that might be antithetical to Augustus vision of Rome? Did Vergil make an editorial mistake? Or does it matter? Please write in complete sentences for this answer.

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