UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

Universidad del Per, Decana de Amrica FACULTAD DE EDUCACIN PROGRAMA DE LICENCIATURA PARA PROFESORES SIN TITULO PEDAGGICO EN LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS

CURSO: LITERATURA INGLESA: BRITNICA UNIDAD ESCOGIDA: UNIT THREE THE ELIZABETHANS SEDE: CHICLAYO

CICLO: III AO: 2009

UNIT THREE THE ELIZABETHANS

(Pg. 114) HOW WELL DID YOU READ? What are the pleasures which Marlowes shepherd offers? It is mainly referring to courtship and what a man is willing to offer his beloved woman. It offers what he can see around him nature as a means to lift up his spirit and dream on what he considers his home. He points out the pleasures of being free surrounded by trees, rivers, mountains, etc. and able to do as they wish. They represent the things the shepherd surrounding taking care of his sheep. Another pleasure is offering the woman he loves to protect her with clothes made with the wool from his sheep. What objection does Raleighs nymph make to each argument of the shepherd? The nymph in Raleighs poem explains in a humorous way to the passing of time and that life is not always the same. The pleasures mentioned in Marlows poem points at the beauty of the present, and a young lover. She refers to life as the years pass by; struggles of becoming old, things wearing out, and love fading away, and all those beautiful words become part of the past. EXERCISING YOUR JUDGMENT Which of the enticements that the shepherd of the Marlowes poem offers do you think might really be found in a shepherds life? Which ones would be highly improbable? How do the points of view differ in these two poems by Marlowe and Raleigh? The things that might be found in a shepherds life are the valleys, groves, hills and fields as he is taking care of his sheep. Because of sheep, another possibility is using the wool to make clothes for his beloved.

What might be improbable is the idea of making a bed of roses, and buckles of gold since he is not a wealthy man. Marlowes poem sees life through the eyes of love and beauty, something enchanting and joyful, considering the impossible to be possible. momentous love nest but a love that should last forever. What elements of romance are evident in To Celia? What lines first indicates the lovers failure to win his ladys love? The lover surrenders to the lady he loves. Some elements mentioned are her eyes, her kisses on a glass of wine and that he would give up drinking and change it for Joves nectar; roses he sent. He hopes she will accept his compliments, but he is afraid that she will return the roses he is sending as proof of his love. Point out the pastoral elements in the poems by Marlowe and Raleigh. The pastoral elements are: a shepherd, a nymph, flocks, rural life, naturalness, and innocence. There is a combination of what can be real and ideal and mythical. Love and courtship are other important elements. ELIZABETHANS WORDS Check your understanding of these words with the dictionary Madrigals: A light, airy song Kirtle: A cloak Myrtle: a sacred plant, symbolic of love and immortality Coral: 1) A marine calcareous production; 2) belonging to a Choir. Swain: Young villager, shepherd, lover, boyfriend Nymph: 1) Fabulous Deity, goddess; 2) Beautiful woman, villager Look up the original meaning of nymph and swain and compare with the use of these words in these poems. Whereas Raleighs poem has a more realistic outlook at what life really is, not a

NYMPH It has several meanings. One is a larva of an insect with complete metamorphosis. Another is used in Greek mythology as any of a large class of minor female divinities. They were usually associated with features of the natural world, such as trees and water In the poem it refers to a beautiful young woman.

SWAIN It refers to a young man from the country who loves a woman. In the poem it refers to the idea of being young and full of energy. TO GAIN SKILLS AND INFORMATION

- Try writing a parody making the shepherd and the nymph people of today. Shepherd: Come and be with me and my love And we will enjoy the pleasures all The park, the cinema, the disco and more grass to sit down, and melodies that roar. I will give you my cell phone, and my MP3 and the music I have in your favorite DV If this is not all, Ill give you my laptop to see your beauty at the top. Nymph: Oh my dear, how can you say that you with me will always stay If contamination continues going to the park will be tedious Twenty year from now will you still love Im not sure how

We will not be the same anymore your laptop and MP3 will be worn. - Look up information about Theocritus, the father of the pastoral. There isnt much information of Theocritus life, everything known about him is due to his writings. One of the earliest pastoral poetry, the Idylls, which is attributed to him was written by him in the 3rd Century b.c. It is clear that at a very early date two collections were made, one of which included of doubtful poems and formed a corpus of bucolic poetry, while the other was confined to those works which were considered to be by Theocritus himself. Theocritus's works contain all the elements that later became the pastoral form or style. The rustic characters in his poetry discusses the pleasures of country life, engages in impromptu singing contests, recounts folktales, laments the loss of loved ones, and offers elegies on the deceased. Some of his works include: Bucolics and Mimes, the former referring to country life and the latter to town life; Epics, Lyrics, and the Epigrams. - Find additional material on the lives of Marlowe and Raleigh and report your findings to the class. Christopher Marlowe (Cristofer Marley in his autograph) was born in Canterbury, the son of a shoemaker. He attended the King's School and was awarded a scholarship from the foundation of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury. Marlowe studied the Bible and the Reformation theologians as well as philosophy and history at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. In 1584 he took a degree of A.B. Instead of continuing in Cambridge, Marlowe left his studies to carry out a secret mission for the government. In 1587 he took the degree of M.A. University authorities, believing he had been converted to Catholicism, were first unwilling to grant his degree. It did not help him either, that he had been away too much from his studies. When the Queen's Privy Council interceded on Marlowe's behalf, the dispute was settled. Instead of taking holy orders, Marlowe went to London and became a dramatist. He made important friends, including Sir Walter Raleigh, who had started the first colony

in Virginia, and who was contending with the Earl of Essex of Queen's favours. Most likely Marlowe began writing on leaving Cambridge. His first dramas were composed in blank verse. It is assumed that the first part of his TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT was performed in London in 1587. In the play Tamburlaine burns the Koran and after conquering the world he wants to conquer the heavens. In 1589 Marlowe was charged with the murder of William Bradley and sent to Newgate Prison, but acquitted after two weeks. It was not the last time when the quick tempered author was arrested and jailed. In 1592 an injunction was brought against him because of a street fight, in which a man was killed. Marlowe was also deported from Netherlands for counterfeiting gold coins. Numerous plays have been assigned to Marlowe. Unfortunately, Marlowe neglected to publish authoritative texts, and his literary remnants consist much of incomplete works. However, his blank verse, written with great intensity, and villain-heroes - a new type on the English stage - influenced deeply the theatre of his time. The poet Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837-1909) observed of Marlowe that "the father of English tragedy and the creator of English blank verse was therefore also the teacher and the guide of Shakespeare." Shakespeare and Marlowe both wrote plays for Lord Strange's acting company and influenced each other's work. Also Shakespeare favored the blank verse. Marlowe's major plays were written between 1585 and 1593, among

them Tamburlaine, Parts I and II, and THE JEW OF MALTA, a tragedy and parody of Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527). Machiavelli - or Machiavel as Marlowe calls him - is portrayed as the embodiment of political manipulator. "If one takes The Jew of Malta not as a tragedy, or as a "tragedy of blood," but as a farce, the concluding act becomes intelligible; and if we attend with a careful ear to the versification, we find that Marlowe develops a tone to suit this farce, and even perhaps that this tone is his most powerful and mature tone." (T.S. Eliot in Selected Essays, new edition, 1960) Marlowe's mysterious death in Deptford in Eleanor Bull's house - nominally about who should pay the bill - may have had a political cause. Accusations of atheism, blasphemy, subversion and homosexuality, also burdened his public image. When Marlowe died, he was under a shadow of charges of atheism. His former roommate and

fellow dramatist, Thomas Kyd, had declared under torture that a document denying the divinity of Christ belonged to Marlowe. And Richard Baines contributed two notorious statements to Marlowe: "St John the Evangelist was bedfellow to Christ and leaned always in his bosom, that he used him as the sinners of Sodoma," and "That all they that love not Tobacco & Boies were fooles". Marlowe's connections saved him from imprisonment. The author might have worked as a government's secret agent according to Anthony Burgess. Possibly while still at university, he became an agent of Sir Francis Walsingham (c. 1530-90), a statesman and a Puritan sympathizer, in the secret service of Elisabeth I and a favorite of Walsingham's brother, Thomas. Research suggests he was murdered by an agent of Francis Walsingham, for reasons unknown. According to Charles Nicholl (The Reckoning The Murder of Christopher Marlowe, 1994), supporters of the Earl of Essex could have been behind the death. Scholars are still attempting to reconstruct the events. In the common version it is concluded, that after eating and drinking together in a tavern in Deptford, on Wednesday, May 30, 1593, According to the coroner's inquest, Marlowe and his friend Ingram Frizer began to wrangle over payment of the bill. Marlowe wrenched Frizer's dagger from its sheath, and struck him twice about the head with it. In the struggle Frizer got the weapon. "And so it befell, in that affray, that the said Ingram, in the defence of his life, with the dagger aforesaid of the value of twelve pence, gave the said Christopher a mortal wound above his right eye." The dagger went in just above the right eye-ball. A week earlier a warrant had been issued for the author's arrest. Marlowe was buried two days later in an unmarked grave. His killer pleaded self-defense and received a pardon from the Queen. This has partly confirmed the thesis of a political intrigue behind the death. Marlowe's life have been the theme of the tragedies Death of Marlowe by Richard H. Horne (1837) and Kit Marlowe by W.L. Courtney (1890). In the Oscar winning film, Shakespeare in Love (1998), directed by John Madden, Shakespeare believes that he has caused the death of his colleague. Marlowe's violent death was not something that exceptional among writers. In 1599 the playwright John Day apparently killed the playwright Henry Porter, and the famous dramatist Ben Jonson killed the well-known actor Gabriel Spencer in a duel . As a both spy and a writer, Marlowe was a representative of a long tradition, continued through

Ben Jonson and Daniel Defoe to such modern day writers Graham Greene, John Le Carr, John Dickson Carr, Somerset Maugham, Alec Waugh and Ted Allbeury. (www.kirjasto.sci.fi/marlowe.htm) Raleigh mixed scholarship with soldiering from an early age, fighting on the Protestant side in the French Wars of religion before attending Oriel College, Oxford. In 1580 his courage and outspoken manner distinguished him in a campaign against Irish rebels in Munster, and he soon attracted the attention of Elizabeth I. He became the Queen's favorite at court, receiving a knighthood in 1585 as well as numerous other favors, and huge estates in Ireland. He took part in many expeditions abroad, including attempts to establish colonies in both North and South America, and several literary works resulted from these travels. Raleigh was a very cultured man, and a close friend of the poet Edmund Spenser, whom he met in Ireland in 1580. He was also linked with a group known as the 'School of Atheism', whose circle included Christopher Marlowe and George Chapman. Raleigh's fiery character ensured that his fortunes at court were very unstable; in 1592 a jealous Queen Elizabeth imprisoned him for a short time for marrying one of her maids of honor, Elizabeth Throckmorton. He eventually regained favor with Elizabeth, but his enemies successfully conspired against him when James I ascended the throne. Raleigh was convicted of treason and spent the next thirteen years in the Tower of London. He passed his time in prison by writing several books, including A Discourse of War and his History of the World. The History was intended for ordinary readers, not just experts, and its outspoken criticisms of unjust kings amount to an indirect attack on James I. In 1616 he was released from the Tower to lead a gold-hunting expedition to Guiana. The trip was his last chance to prove his worth to King James, but it was a spectacular disaster. Raleigh was struck down by a tropical fever and the officer he entrusted with command not only failed to find any gold, but attacked and burned a Spanish settlement, an action which had been strictly forbidden by the King. Raleigh's eldest son was killed in the fighting, and the officer later committed suicide. Returning home in disgrace, Raleigh was beheaded outside Westminster Hall. The poem 'Even Such is Time' is traditionally said to have been composed on the eve of his execution.

(www.poemhunter.com/sir-walter-raleigh/biography) (Pg. 117) READING COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY Paraphrase the sonnet Amoretti by Spencer. Amoretti is a sonnet related to love. It describes a lady that is trying to pretend something that she is not really like, majestic, gorgeous. The man describing her is so in love that his eyes only see the beauty he wants to see. It is a praise to womens beauty not to their intelligence. What is meant by betters in the last line of Spencers sonnet XXXVII? The word is not betters, what can be read in the last line is fetters. The definitions of fetters is shackles, which are metal rings tight to a prisoners feet. However, in the sonnet it means being tied to the person in love because the fetters are made of gold. What is the rhyme scheme behind Spencers sonnet XXXVII and LXI? This sonnet, takes the form that he himself invented, which it is now called the Spenserian Sonnet. It has an interlocking rhyme scheme of abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee. So it combines the five rhymes of the Petrarchan sonnet with the 3 quatrain and couplet structure of the Elizabethan sonnet. Its a hybrid form, and extemely difficult to write. (Pg. 120)

ACTIVITY
After you have answered all the quesions after every reading in this unit, please, answer all the questions from your mind. If you cannot do it, please go back to the materials and start reading again. This activity will give fluency and you improve your English competence. 1. What have you learned from this chapter?

The Elizabethan Period brought great changes to England. It was a time when the young Queen of England, although neglected by her father as a child, became responsible of the development of England. A time when the Renaissance which started in Italy and later spread to Europe took force during the Elizabethan Period. England flourished in the arts with the support of its Queen since she loved the theater and to sing, and supporter the writers of that time. They took advantage of the interest shown by the Queen. The middle ages were left behind and a new era started with new perspectives focusing on people and their personal development which later was called Humanist. William Shakespeare was one of the greatest representatives of that time. England became free from feudalism and there were new religious beliefs and interpretations of the Christian creating the Church of England. The desire of knowledge brought new inventions and they improved old inventions. England also started to become curious about the world, and followed Columbus some years later with its trips to the New World. 2. What is the historical background of this period? It was an age of traveling and exploring the New Continent America. The English language was flourishing and poems and prose writers contributed openly, but in a more formal way because Queen Elizabeth wanted to keep a standard language development. The King James Bible became the official Bible and it was one of the best results from Elizabethan period.

3. What genres pointed out in the Renaissance Period? The Renaissance period pointed out to Poetry which was the most outstanding, drama which was the favorite and Shakespeare its most important writer, and metaphysical poetry. 4. What do you know about William Shakespeare? He was a poet and a dramatist. He was born in England and not very much is known about his personal life and studies. At an early age he got support from actors which

gave him the opportunity to work in plays which helped him later to become famous and rich. He was a prolific and versatile writer, and his work has been divided into four periods: 1st period (1590 1595) a period of experimentation 2nd period (1595 1600) works related to English history 3rd period (1600 1610) a period of tragedies 4th period (1610 1616) lovely romantic plays 5. Prepare a summary about Hamlets plot Hamlet has five acts and it tells the story of Prince Hamlet who has to plan a way to have his uncle Claudius confess that he killed King Hamlet to marry his mother. Denmark gets the news that King Hamlet of Denmark has recently died, and It is in a state of high alert and preparing for possible war with Young Fortinbras of Norway. A ghost resembling the late King Hamlet is spotted on a platform before Elsinore Castle in Denmark. King Claudius, who now rules Denmark, has married King Hamlet's wife, Queen Gertrude and Queen of Denmark. King Claudius worried that Young Fortinbras of Norway could invade, has sent ambassadors to Norway to talk to the King of Norway in order to stop Young Fortinbras. Young Hamlet distrusts King Claudius. The King and Queen do not understand why Hamlet still mourns his father's death after two months from happening it. Hamlet explains that he does not like his mother marrying the next King of Denmark just a month after his father's death. Hamlet seems to be in love with Ophelis, but Laertes, the son of Lord Chamberlain Polonius, gives her some advice. Polonius warns Ophelia not to fall in love with Young Hamlet, since he fears Hamlet is only using her. Hamlet meets the Ghost of his father, King Hamlet and learns from King Hamlet's Ghost that he was poisoned by King Claudius, the current ruler of Denmark. The Ghost tells Hamlet to avenge his death but not to punish Queen Gertrude for remarrying because her conscience and heaven will judge her. Hamlet swears Horatio and Marcellus to silence over Hamlet meeting the Ghost. Polonius learns from his daughter Ophelia that Hamlet appearance is not the same. He is poorly dressed and looks depressed. Polonius believes that Hamlet's odd

behavior is because Ophelia has rejected him. Polonius decides to tell King Claudius about it. King Claudius instructs courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to find out what is causing Hamlet's strange "transformation," or change of character. Queen Gertrude says that King Hamlet's death and her recent remarriage could be upsetting Hamlet. Polonius believe that Hamlet's transformation is caused by Hamlet's love for his daughter Ophelia. However, the truth is totally different. Hamlet plans to use a play to test if King Claudius really did kill his father as King Hamlet's Ghost told him. Hamlet is eager for King Claudius and Queen Gertrude to watch a play to which Hamlet has added lines. Hamlet suspects Ophelia is spying on him and is increasingly hostile to her before leaving. King Claudius decides to send Hamlet to England, fearing danger in Hamlet since he no longer believes Hamlet is merely lovesick. The play Hamlet had added lines to is performed. The mime preceding the play which mimics the Ghost's description of King Hamlet's death goes unnoticed. The main play called "The Murder of Gonzago" is performed, causing King Claudius to feel uncomfortable, convincing Hamlet that his uncle did indeed poison his father King Hamlet as the Ghost previously had told him. Hamlet pretends not to know that the play has offended King Claudius. King Claudius admits his growing fear of Hamlet and decides to send him overseas to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in order to protect himself. Alone, King Claudius talks to himself about the crime he has committed - poisoning King Hamlet and realizes that he cannot escape divine justice. Queen Gertrude attempts to scold her son but Hamlet instead scolds his mother for her actions. Queen Gertrude cries out in fear, and Polonius echoes it and is stabbed through the arras (subdivision of a room created by a hanging tapestry) where he was listening in. Hamlet continues scolding his mother but the Ghost reappears, telling Hamlet to be gentle with the Queen. For her part, Queen Gertrude agrees to stop living with King Claudius, beginning her redemption. King Claudius speaks with his wife, Queen Gertrude. He learns of Polonius' murder which shocks him; it could easily have been him. Queen Gertrude lies for her son,

saying that Hamlet is as mad as a tempestuous sea. King Claudius, now scared of Hamlet, decides to have Hamlet sent away to England immediately. He also sends courtiers and spies Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to speak with Hamlet to find out where Hamlet has hidden Polonius' body so they can take it to the chapel. Hamlet refuses to tell Rosencrantz and Guildenstern where Polonius' dead body is hidden. Hamlet continues to refuse to tell Rosencrantz and Guildenstern where Polonius' body is. Hamlet is brought before the King. The two exchange words, clearly circling each other, each aware that the other is a threat. Hamlet tells King Claudius where Polonius body is. King Claudius ominously tells Hamlet to leave for England supposedly for Hamlet's own safety. With Hamlet gone, King Claudius reveals his plans for Hamlet to be killed in England, freeing King Claudius from further worry from this threat. Young Fortinbras marches his army across Denmark to fight the Polish. Hamlet laments that he does not have in him the strength of Young Fortinbras, who will lead an army into pointless fighting, if only to maintain honor. Hamlet asks himself how he cannot fight for honor when his father has been killed and his mother made a whore in his eyes by becoming King Claudius' wife. The death of Polonius leaves its mark on Ophelia who becomes mad from the grief of losing her father. Laertes storms King Claudius' castle, demanding to see his father and wanting justice when he learns that his father, Polonius has been killed. King Claudius remains calm, telling Laertes that he too mourned his father's loss. Horatio is greeted by sailors who have news from Hamlet. Horatio follows the sailors to learn more. King Claudius explains to Laertes that Hamlet killed his father, Polonius. Deciding they have a common enemy, they plot Hamlet's death at a fencing match to be arranged between Laertes and Hamlet. Laertes learns of his sister Ophelia's death by drowning. Hamlet and Horatio speak with a cheerful Clown or gravedigger. Hamlet famously realizes that man's accomplishments are transitory (fleeting) and holding the skull of Yorick, a childhood jester he remembered, creates a famous scene about man's insignificance and inability to control his fate following death. At Ophelia's burial, the Priest reveals a widely held belief that Ophelia committed suicide, angering Laertes. Hamlet fights Laertes over Ophelia's grave, angered by Laertes exaggerated emphasis of his sorrow and because he believes he loved Ophelia much more than her brother.

Hamlet explains to Horatio how he avoided the death planned for him in England and had courtiers' Rosencrantz and Guildenstern put to death instead. Hamlet reveals his desire to kill King Claudius. Summoned by Osric to fence against Laertes, Hamlet arrives at a hall in the castle and fights Laertes. Queen Gertrude drinks a poisoned cup meant for Hamlet, dying but not before telling all that she has been poisoned. Hamlet wins the first two rounds against Laertes but is stabbed and poisoned fatally in the third round. Exchanging swords whilst fighting, Hamlet wounds and poisons Laertes who explains that his sword is poison tipped. Now dying, Hamlet stabs King Claudius with this same sword, killing him. Hamlet, dying, tells Horatio to tell his story and not to commit suicide. Hamlet recommends Young Fortinbras as the next King of Denmark. Young Fortinbras arrives, cleaning up the massacre. Horatio promises to tell all the story we have just witnessed, ending the play. 6. What are the main characters in Hamlet? The main characters are Prince Hamlet, King Hamlets son; Claudius, Prince Hamlets uncle, and Gertrude, Prince Hamlets mother.

7. Analyze the mayor characters (Hamlet, Claudius and Gertrude) Hamlet: He realizes man has little lasting control over his fate and also for describing man as the "paragon of animals!" Educated in Wittenburg, Hamlet resents his mother Queen Gertrude marrying King Claudius within two months of his father King Hamlet's death to which she was previously married. Cunning and inventive, Hamlet changes the lines of a play performed before King Claudius to divine whether King Hamlet's Ghost told him the truth about his father's death. At the end of the play, Hamlet kills both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (indirectly), Laertes and finally King Claudius before dying himself from a wound inflicted by Laertes. Claudius: The present King of Denmark, King Claudius took Queen Gertrude whom he loves as his queen and wife, much to the consternation of Hamlet who believes his mother has betrayed him and his father's memory by doing so. Cautious and suspicious, Claudius has courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and Hamlet's love

interest Ophelia spying on Hamlet for him since as he says, the great ones must be watched. Distrustful of Hamlet and his "madness", King Claudius has Hamlet deported to England to be killed when he fears he has become a threat. Instead, Hamlet returns to Denmark, and King Claudius manipulates Laertes into killing Hamlet for him. Unfortunately, King Claudius' plan to poison Hamlet backfires, killing his beloved Queen Gertrude instead. In Act III, Scene III, King Claudius reveals his inner guilt and the knowledge that he cannot avoid God's judgment of him... Dies at the end of the play to the poison tipped sword of Hamlet. Gertrude: Queen of Denmark and mother to Hamlet, Queen Gertrude is resented deeply by Hamlet for marrying King Claudius within two months of his father, King Hamlet's death. Hamlet makes this bitterly clear throughout the play especially in his first soliloquy in Act I, Scene II. Queen Gertrude loves her son but when she sees a play mocking her actions, she famously says of the female character who vows never to forget her husband, "The lady doth [does] protest too much, methinks [I think]", (Act III, Scene II, Line 242) in an attempt to justify her own actions in remarrying so quickly. Clearly loving of Hamlet, she realizes her wrong when Hamlet scolds her mercilessly in Act III, Scene V. She agrees to no longer share King Claudius' bed, and aids her son by hiding Hamlet's true mental state from King Claudius. Dies in Act V, Scene II, to a poisoned cup of wine meant for Hamlet. 8. What are the themes, motifs and symbols behind Hamlets characters? The themes, motifs and symbols in Hamlet characters are: Themes: The impossibility of certainty, the complexity of action, the mystery of death, the nation as disease body. Motifs: Incest and incestuous desire, misogyny, ears and hearing. Symbols: Yoricks skull. 9. What do you know about Christopher Marlowe and analyze his masterpiece The passionate Shepherd and his love? It is mainly referring to what a man is willing to offer his beloved woman. The Shepherd feels he can offer any real and unreal thing he can see around him. There is a lot of emphasis in nature as a means to enchant the woman he loves. Besides, it reflects very much what a shepherd can reflect upon while taking care of his sheep in

the field and considers his home. He points out to the idea of being free surrounded by trees, rivers, mountains, etc. and able to do as they wish. Its a dream love poem offering the woman he loves to protect her. 10. What about Sir Walter Raleigh and his masterpiece The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd. Make your own interpretation. The nymph in Raleighs poem explains in a humorous way that life is not always the same as the shepherd describes it. The passing of time and life as a person gets older changes, it is not always the same. The poem is a realistic answer to someone in love who doesnt see anything else but the beauty of the present, and a young lover. However, life is constantly changing, and will he loves her the same as time passes? 11. What do you know about Ben Jonson and his literary production To Celia. Ben Jonson was a passionate writer. He wrote comedies that revived the classical premises of Elizabethan dramatic theory. To Celia is a poem first published after March 1616 by Ben Jonson. It was set to music after 1770, in the form of the song Drink to Me Only with Thine Eyes, the poem's first line. The poem is a subtlycoded celebration of the act of cunnilingus, and is based upon an erotic literary letter by Philostratus. 12. What do you know about Edmund Spenser and his literary production Amoretti? He was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and is one of the very greatest poets in the English language. Amoretti was a sonnet cycle written by Edmund Spenser in the 16th century. The cycle describes his courtship and eventual marriage to Elizabeth Boyle. Amoretti was first published in 1595 in London by William Ponsonby. It was printed as part of a volume entitled Amoretti and Epithalamion. Written not long since by Edmund Spenser. The volume included the sequence of 89 sonnets, along with a series of short poems called Anacreontics and an Epithalamion, a public poetic celebration of marriage. The volume memorializes Spensers courtship of Elizabeth

Boyle, a young, well-born Anglo Irish woman, and the couples wedding on June 11, 1594 13. What literary terms have you learned in this chapter? I learned the following terms: Allegory, alliteration, analogy, motif, themes, scheme, rhyme, iambic, irony, verse, satire, plot.