Executive Summary DEIA For Proposed Development of Sanitary Landfill Negeri Sembilan 1

JABATAN PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGARA
KEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN
DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN
Volume I Executive Summary May 2011
GUNUNG-GANANG CORPORATION SDN BHD (476117-P)

No. 53-2, Jalan SP2/1, Seksyen 2, Taman Serdang Perdana 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan Tel: 03-8941 5308/9 Fax: 03-8942 2469 Email: ggchq@gunungganang.com.my
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN
GUNUNG-GANANG
DEIA FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Page i i i ES-1 ES-1 ES-5 ES-6 ES-9 ES-10 ES-14 ES-24 ES-25 ES-25 ES-26
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 INTRODUCTION STATEMENT OF NEED PROJECT OPTIONS PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT ACTIVITIES EXISTING ENVIRONMENT POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CONCLUSION
LIST OF TABLES Table ES-1 : Table ES-2 : Table ES-3 : Table ES-4 : Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan Incoming Solid Waste Projection at the Landfill (2011-2015) Proposed Development Schedule Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts ES-3 ES-3 ES-8 ES-15
LIST OF FIGURES Figure ES-1 : Figure ES-2 : Figure ES-3 : Figure ES-4 : Figure ES-5 : Location of Proposed Project Site Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan General Layout of the Proposed Project Locations of Surface Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna Sampling Land Use within 5 km Radius from the Proposed Project Site ES-2a ES-4 ES-6a ES-11 ES-14a
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The project is entitled Proposed Development of Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill at Ladang Tanah Merah, Negeri Sembilan (hereinafter referred to as the Proposed Project). The Proposed Project site occupies an area of 120 ha at part of Lot 7212, Mukim Jimah, Daerah Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan (Figure ES-1). It lies within GPS coordinates of N 024007.5 and N 023946.4; and E 1014829.4 and E 1014923.5. It has been gazetted as landfill site in Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Port Dickson, 2007-2020. The Project Proponent, Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) has appointed Gunung-Ganang Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (GGC) as the EIA Consultant to undertake environmental impact asssessment for the Proposed Project. The Terms of Reference of the DEIA was approved by the Department of Environment (DOE) on 26th October 2010.
2.0 (a)
STATEMENT OF NEED Solid Waste Generation and Projections
The State of Negeri Sembilan has a population of about 860,000 in year 2000, and this is projected to increase to 1,165,200 in year 2020 (Table ES-1). With the expectation of an increasing population and the influx of tourists with the further development of Port Dickson as a tourist destination, more solid waste is expected to be generated. The projected increase of population reflects proportionally the potential increase in total amount of municipal solid waste to be generated in Seremban, Port Dickson, Rembau and Tampin districts (Table ES-2). Therefore, a sufficient area of landfill with environmental pollution control measures is crucial to cater for the current demand as well as the amount of waste to be generated in the near future. (b) Solid Waste Disposal
There are eight disposal sites in the State of Negeri Sembilan (Figure ES-2). Many of these disposal sites had already reached their maximum capacity. Currently there are two landfills operating in the District of Port Dickson, one at Bukit Palong, and the other at Sua Betong. With upgrading works, the Bukit Palong and Sua Betong landfills have capacities of 550 tonnes/day and 30 tonnes/day respectively. The two landfills are expected to be closed when the Proposed Project site is ready.
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It is estimated about 933 tonnes/day of solid waste will be generated in 2011, and is expected to increase to 1,010 tonnes/day in 2015. (c) Justification
There is definitely a need for a sanitary landfill in Port Dickson District as both the existing landfills at Bukit Palong and Sua Betong have reached their capacity. The waste generation in Port Dickson and a wider service area encompassing Seremban, Rembau and Tampin districts is estimated to grow by more than 8 percent between 2011-2015. Therefore, the situation could be considered critical. The disposal of municipal solid wastes onto dumpsites poses significant threats to the environment as well as to the general health of the communities residing in the vicinity of these dumpsites. Among the problems encountered are leachate contamination of the receiving waterways and groundwater, bad odour, proliferation of flies and other vermin that may lead to public health issues, increase in the number of scavengers and fire hazards posed by improper management of methane gas. Lacking proper design and pollution control measures in particular to handle landfill gas, and the potential for open burning of wastes at the sites, both the existing landfills in Port Dickson have a relatively high potential for emission of greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides, all of which contribute to adverse climate change. Thus, the proposed method to dispose municipal solid waste via sanitary landfill is seen as the most beneficial and practical means to meet societal needs and environmental requirements. The proposed sanitary landfill will have additional components in the form of a material recycling facility (MRF), and a composting plant for green waste. In terms of economies of scale, it is desirable to find a site that is not too far from the existing landfills. Upon completion, the Proposed Project will not only replace the disposal sites at Bukit Palong and Sua Betong but will have sufficient capacity to cater for the waste disposal needs of the District of Tampin; and provide support to the disposal sites at Pajam and Chembong.
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Figure ES-1: Location of Proposed Project Site
Proposed Project Site
Source: Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia. Series DNMM 5101. Sheets No. 142 & 143. Scale 1:50,000
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Table ES-1: Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan

Total Population District 2000 Seremban Port Dickson Jempol Kuala Pilah Tampin Jelebu Rembau Total 397,185 110,350 129,733 65,980 79,825 38,526 38,325 859,924 2020 594,000 150,000 150,000 75,000 100,000 44,200 52,000 1,165,200
Source: Rancangan Struktur Negeri Sembilan 2001 2020.
Table ES-2: Incoming Solid Waste Projection at the Landfill (2011 2015)
Operation Period (Year) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Bulky Waste (tonnes/year) 17,027 17,368 17,715 18,069 18,431 88,610 Recyclable (tonnes/year) 34,055 34,736 35,430 36,139 36,862 177,221 Domestic (tonnes/year) 289,463 295,253 301,158 307,181 313,824 1,506,378 Total Waste (tonnes/year) 340,545 347,356 354,303 361,389 368,617 1,772,210 Average Waste (tonnes/day) 933 952 971 990 1,010
Note: Basis for solid waste generation calculation: - Population for the districts of Port Dickson, Seremban, Tampin and Rembau is 625,685 (2000 census) - Population growth at rate of 2% per year - Population for 2010 is 762,706 - Estimated per capita waste generation rate of 1.2 kg/person/day
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Figure ES-2: Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan
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3.0
PROJECT OPTIONS
This DEIA Report includes an analysis of options in the following areas: Site Options. Waste Management System Options. Without Project Option. (a) Site Options
The factors that contribute to the selected site are: Located approximately 12 km from the existing landfill and accessibility is good. Located on the west of the Integrated Scheduled Wastes Management Centre (ISWMC) of Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. and shares a common buffer zone. The ISWMC includes a secure landfill for disposal of scheduled wastes and residues from its incinerator. Therefore, it can be extrapolated that the geological and soil characteristics of the proposed sanitary landfill site would be suitable for a landfill accepting municipal solid wastes from residential, commercial, industrial and construction sources. The risks of a sanitary landfill in terms of safety and environmental health issues are lower than that of a scheduled wastes facility. No water intake point downstream of the site. Not located within flood plain. Transportation routes for a large part of the service area are likely to be maintained due to the proximity to the existing landfill. Public acceptability is not expected to be an issue because ISWMC is located beside the eastern boundary of the site. (b) Waste Management System Options
The Project Proponent has considered the technology options available for the various components of the sanitary landfill, namely the landfill itself, the composting plant and the material recovery facility. Main factors that influence the technological considerations are proven performance, environmental soundness, cost-effectiveness, operational efficiency, as well as design and fabrication. (c) Without Project Options
The "Without Project" option refers to the continued use of the existing Bukit Palong Landfill in Port Dickson, as the main disposal method, or Do Nothing which will undoubtedly result in undesirable environmental and health impacts.
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4.0 (a)
PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Concept
The Proposed Project is designed to receive about 900 tonnes per day of municipal solid waste (MSW) from Seremban, Port Dickson, Tampin and Rembau districts. It will be developed in phases for an estimated life span of 25 years. The first phase involves the construction and operation of the first cell known as Cell 1, which is 15 ha of the total area. The other two cells are reserved for future needs. The Proposed Project will be designed up to Level 4 landfill type which will be equipped with leachate and landfill gas collection pipe, collection pond and leachate treatment plant. General layout of the Proposed Project is shown in Figure ES-3 and the main features of design concepts are summarised below: Total project area Cell 1 area Cell 1 lifespan Cell volume Average height of waste filling Landfill design Leachate collection system Leachate containment system Leachate management : 120.0 ha : 15.0 ha : 5 years : 2,400,000 cubic metres : 20 metres : Semi-aerobic : HDPE pipe : Geo-synthetic clay liner and HDPE membrane : Recirculation back to cell, final discharge to comply with the Second Schedule (Acceptable Conditions for Discharge of Leachate), Regulation 13 of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009. : Vertical vent pipe : 2 ha (2 units, each unit 1 ha) : 2.3 ha : 2.25 ha (3 cells, 0.75 ha each)
Landfill gas management Material recovery facility (MRF) Composting area Inert cell (b) Surface Water Management
A 3.6 ha retention pond is allocated to attenuate peak flow from the Proposed Project and to serve as a sediment trap that will reduce sedimentation at Sg. Anak Air Unyai. A cut-off drain will be constructed at the perimeter of Cell 1 to divert surface run-off and to minimise leachate production as well as soil erosion.
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Figure ES-3: General Layout of the Proposed Project
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(c)
Landfill Operation and Maintenance
The management and operations at the landfill will involve reception of transported wastes, waste inspection, weighing of waste trucks, tipping activities, spreading and compacting, mixing and covering the solid waste with cover material. (d) Material Recycling facility
MRF will be designed to separate recyclable materials through a combination of manual and mechanical sorting. The waste received at this facility will be mainly institutional, commercial and industrial (ICI) wastes and is estimated to be about 180 tonnes per day. (e) Leachate Management System
Established sequential batch reactor (SBR) process and dissolved air floatation (DAF) will be used as the primary treatment. The effluent is then subjected to a chemical treatment of coagulation-flocculation to remove heavy metals and improve the colour. Trace pollutants (residual COD, malodour and ammonia) will be removed in the final polishing process by adsorption on the surfaces of powered activated carbon placed in filter columns. The carbon filters will chemically and biologically remove many residual compounds simultaneously. Leachate treatment plant (LTP) will consist of the following components: Physical screens to remove large solid materials at pumping chamber Raw leachate holding pond SBR pond DAF feeding pond DAF Sand and carbon filter Filter press for non-biological sludge drying facilities The design of the LTP for Phase 1 is based on a leachate generation rate of 575 m3 per day. Treated leachate will be used for washing and cleaning. (f) Landfill Gas Management System
Vertical gas vent piping will be installed at the cell for passive landfill gas release. (g) Proposed Development Schedule
Table ES-3 indicates the proposed development schedule for overall implementation of the Proposed Project. It is expected to start operation in September 2012.
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Table ES-3: Proposed Development Schedule

Year Activity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26-30 31-35
Site Clearing and Earthworks Construction of Cell 1 Other civil and structure works Mechanical and electrical works Installation of equipment and machinery Construction of Cell 2 Safe closure and rehabilitation of Cell 1 Construction of Cell 3 Safe closure and rehabilitation of Cell 2 Operation and maintenance of landfill Post closure management
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5.0
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
In general, the development of the Proposed Project can be divided into the following stages: (a) Pre-construction
Most of the activities such as site surveys and investigation during the pre-construction stage have little or no significant negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, no mitigation measure is required at this stage. (b) Construction
Construction of the Proposed Project involves mainly the following activities: Site clearing of approximately 50 ha of land area for phase 1 development including area for Cell 1, retention pond, leachate treatment plant, MRF, workshop, office, inert waste area, composting area and part of Cell 3 for storage of access earth as well as a permanent access road to the Proposed Project site. Earthworks activities include cutting and filling of platforms to the required proposed levels. 1,650,359 m3 of excess earth will be stockpiled at Cell 3 for daily cover materials during the operational stage. Construction of sanitary landfill, associated infrastructure and utilities including the permanent access road. Installation of equipment and machinery (c) Operation and Maintenance
Solid wastes from Port Dickson, Seremban, Tampin and Rembau districts will be transported to the Proposed Project site via the Federal Route 5 (FR5) and the permanent access road. At the entrance of the Proposed Project site, solid waste haulage trucks will be inspected, and type of wastes, weight as well as their origin will be recorded. Only non-hazardous and non-scheduled wastes from municipalities, industrial, commercial, institutions (ICI) and domestic households will be allowed to enter the site. Trucks will be directed to the designated MRF for commingle household and ICI wastes, composting area for greenery wastes and inert waste area for construction and demolition wastes. Regular maintenance of equipment and machinery operating on-site will be undertaken to ensure the equipment and machinery are in optimum working conditions. (d) Post Operation
Safe closure of Cell 1 activities will be initiated upon reaching its designed capacity of five years. Safe closure of the landfill activities will be undertaken according to the Guidelines for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites.
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6.0 (a)
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT Topography
The Proposed Project site is located at an undulating to hilly terrain ranging from 25 m to 165 m above mean sea level and has a trending from the northeast to southwest. (b) Geology and Soils
The entire Proposed Project site is underlain by granite which is a homogenous fine to coarse crystalline acid intrusive igneous rock. Soil depth varies from over 32 m in the northern region to 3 m towards the stream. Soil profile is silt with mixtures of varying amounts of sand and gravelly materials. The topsoil consists largely of silty fine sand and fine sand mixed with decayed organic matters. (c) Hydrology and Drainage
Sg. Anak Air Unyai catchment where the Proposed Project is located has an area of about 6.75 km2. Average 7-day minimum flow with 10-year ARI for the Proposed Project site was estimated at 0.007 m3/s using Hydrological Procedure No. 12. (d) Surface Water Quality
Surface water quality sampling was carried out at eight locations one station each at upstream (W1) and within (W2) the Proposed Project site as well as six stations (W3 to W8) downstream of the Proposed Project site up to the estuary (Figure ES-4). Water Quality Index (WQI) for stations W1, W4, W7 and W8 are classified as clean, stations W5 and W6 are classified as slightly polluted, and stations W2 and W3 are classified as polluted. (e) Groundwater Quality
Eight piezometers were established but only five groundwater samples were collected and analysed. Most of the parameters analysed in the laboratory were within the limits of the Recommended Raw Water Quality Criteria by Ministry of Health with the exception of arsenic, manganese, mercury, lead, chemical oxygen demand and coliform for certain stations and iron for all the samples. (f) Soil Sample
One soil sample was collected from each piezometer except P5 because of the sandy sample.
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Figure ES-4: Locations of Surface Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna Sampling
W4/S4
Proposed Project Site
W3/S3
W2/S2
W1/S1
W5/S5
W6
W7/S6
W8/S7 Kuala Lukut Besar
Legend: Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna Sampling Station
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(g)
Climatology and Meteorology
The Proposed Project site is located near to Port Dickson which has an equatorial type of climate characterised by warm and humid weather all year round. It is under the influence of the Northeast Monsoon (from November to March) and the Southwest Monsoon (from May to September). The meteorological station at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang indicated that strong sea-land breeze with speeds of between 0.3 and 10.7 m/s were influenced by the monsoon seasons. With an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,010 mm, Port Dickson is located in a relatively dry area with respect to other areas in Malaysia. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures recorded were 24.2 C and 32.1 C respectively. Mean monthly relative humidity ranged from 75.8 and 84.3 percent. (h) Air Quality
Air quality was monitored at three locations, namely, the Proposed Project site, Kg. 107 Ekar and Sekolah Kebangsaan Sendayan. As the Proposed Project site is located in a fairly remote area, the results of the monitored parameters were within the limits of Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines. (i) Odour
Odour monitoring was conducted at the three locations similar with the air quality monitoring. The average odour levels ranged from 3,280 to 6,665 ou/m3. (j) Noise
Noise monitoring was undertaken at four locations, three within the Proposed Project site and one at Kg. 107 Ekar. Noise levels LAeq recorded ranged from 55.5 to 66.5 dB(A). (k) Land Use
Land use within the Proposed Project site is mainly oil palm plantations. Major land use within the 5 km radius from the boundary of the Proposed Project site is agriculture, forest reserve, shrub land, housing, commercial, institutional and public amenities (Figure ES-5). (l) Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Field observations made within the Proposed Project site indicated that oil palm stands are present other than 46 species of weeds. Field survey revealed that 10 species of insects mainly flies and mosquitoes were found within the Proposed Project site.
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(m)
Aquatic Flora and Fauna
The locations of aquatic flora and fauna sampling (stations S1 to S7) are similar to the locations of surface water sampling except station W6 (refer Figure ES-4). Phytoplankton at the study area consisted of five major phyla namely Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Dinoflagellata with a total of 27 species. The average density of phytoplankton at the study area was 94.88 cells/ml. There are six phyla of zooplankton namely Protozoa, Rotifera, Arthropoda, Chaetognatha, Mollusca and Annelida found at the study area. The average density of zooplankton at the study area was 5.8 spp/l. A total of 23 species of macrobenthos under five phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Urochordata, Echinodermata and Sipuncula) were identified at the study area with an average density of 1,193 ind./m2. A total of 18 species of fish and one species each of horseshoe crab, crab and shrimp were caught at the study area. (n) Traffic
The Proposed Project site is located approximately 15 km away from Sepang town and 19 km from Port Dickson town; and is accessible through Federal Route 5 (FR5). This road is a single lane with two-way direction. The road reserve has an average width of 18 19 metres. Traffic survey conducted along the Ladang Tanah Merah stretch of FR5 revealed that peak hours occur during 7:15 8:15am and 5:15 6:15pm, with traffic volume of 683 and 609 pcu/hour, respectively. Passenger cars are the dominant traffic composition followed by lorries, motorcycles, vans and buses. (o) Public Health
All of the houses surveyed had access to adequate and safe drinking water supply in the form of piped water from Jabatan Bekalan Air either inside or outside of their houses. About 87% of the houses surveyed possessed hygienic toilets of either the pour-flush or flush type. The other 13% of houses surveyed may be exposed to faecally-transmitted water and food borne diseases like dysenteries, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, poliomyelitis and food poisoning. The highest prevalence of disease were for diabetes and asthma, both at 3.23%, followed by hypertension (1.99%), heart problem (1.74%) and skin diseases (1.49%).
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(p)
Socio-Economy
A Socio-Economic and Social Impact Survey was carried out on the 22nd of December 2010 and 9th January 2011. The survey questionnaire was divided into five sections: (i) Demographic Profile, (ii) Economic and Social Status, (iii) Health Status, (iv) Social and Economic Problems, and (v) Perception of Social Impacts of Development. A total of 402 respondents, representing 85 households, were covered in the survey. The communities covered by the survey include Kg. 107 Ekar, Taman A3/A4 Tanah Merah, Taman Jimah Jaya, Kg. Jimah Lama, Kg. Jimah Baru, Felda Sendayan and Taman Gadong Jaya. The majority of the respondents (87.1%) were heads of households and the remaining were children of the head of the households. A Public Dialogue Session involving stakeholders from governmental and nongovernmental organisations as well as representatives of the local population and interest groups was held on 25th of January 2011. There were a larger proportion (62.5%) of stakeholders that did not agree with the Proposed Project and the remaining agreed with the Proposed Project.
7.0
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS
A summary of potential impacts, mitigation measures and residual impacts is provided in Table ES-4.
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Figure ES-5: Land Use within 5 km Radius from the Proposed Project Site
Land Use
Agriculture Shrubs / Belukar Cemetery Livestock Residential / Commercial Quarry Industry Government Use / Institution Land Under Development Scheduled Wastes Centre Forest Reserve Transportation Reserve River High Tension Transmission Line
Specific Locations:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Taman Gadong Jaya Bandar Sri Sendayan Felda Sendayan Kg. Jimah Baru Kg. Jimah Lama Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. Tanah Merah Quarry Sdn. Bhd. Eka Matahari Kg. 107 Ekar Kilang Kelapa Sawit Tanah Merah Taman A3 / A4 Tanah Merah Kg. Jaging Taman A1 / A2 Tanah Merah Kg. Baru Tanah Merah Site C'
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts
No. 1 Potential Impacts Soil Erosion Weighted soil erosion losses and sediment yielded at different stages of the development are: Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts
The construction of erosion and sediment control structures (e.g. silt trap, check dam, earth drain and rolled erosion control blanket) on-site should be Soil Erosion Losses Sediment Yielded implemented in stages with the silt trap construction i) Pre-construction 35.67 t/ha/yr 11.77 t/ha/yr being the first priority. All these measures should be in ii) Construction 77.31 t/ha/yr 25.51 t/ha/yr place before proceeding with site clearing and iii) Operational 30.61 t/ha/yr 10.10 t/ha/yr earthworks. A systematic earth drain network would be Soil erosion loss before construction is at low risk level with able to channel run-off laden with silt to the silt trap 81.74% of the Project Site recording soil erosion loss of concerned. These structures should be regularly desilted less than 50 t/ha/yr. During construction, the erosion risk to achieve their optimum performance during the would increase with almost 17.94% of the area having construction phase so as to prevent siltation of waterways during heavy downpour. erosion loss of more than 150 t/ha/yr. The implementation of Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) in order to control erosion and siltation during the construction stage. Two silt traps shall be maintained throughout the construction stage. All Best Management Practices (BMPs) provided such as silt fences, check dams, slope protections, construction access stabilisation and wash trough, shall be maintained. Post monitoring of the constructed BMPs shall be carried out. ESCP plans must be followed and maintained by a qualified person. ESCP for the proposed permanent access road covering a length of 5.4 km from the main road to the Proposed Project site has been formulated.
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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)
No. 2 Potential Impacts Hydrology and Drainage Modelling results indicate that post-development peak flow (100 ARI) exceeds the pre-development peak flow (2 ARI) 3 about 3.6439 m /s. Mitigation Measures A 3.6 ha retention pond will be used as a flood retention pond for temporary storage of excess run-off during the event of storm. This will help in controlling floods at downstream of the Proposed Project. The retention pond is also capable of draining the 100-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) peak flow from the pond with its emergency spillway. 3 Surface Water Quality During the construction stage, water pollution is mainly from sewage discharge, vehicles maintenance yard, biomass disposal and indiscriminate disposal of construction waste. Nevertheless, water quality impacts are expected to be short term in nature if best management practices at the construction site are implemented. During the operational stage, Water Quality Analysis and Simulation Program modelling revealed that the impact is not expected to be significant where normal, abnormal and worst case spill scenarios of the water quality simulation indicates that most of the river segments will be within Class II and III of the NWQS. Construction Stage Proper toilets and septic tanks are installed at workers camp and site offices. Oil and grease must not be disposed of into waterways and any spillage must be cleaned up promptly. Construction of secondary containment for oil storage. Operational Stage Ensure that leachate from the Proposed Project site is treated to the Second Schedule (Regulation 13) of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009. Conduct regular monitoring of leachate parameters and online monitoring for ammoniacal nitrogen. Conduct regular audits of leachate treatment system to minimise breakdown of equipment and machinery. Prepare a spill response plan to address emergency release of leachate and effective mitigation of spills. Residual water quality impacts are expected. Residual Impacts
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No. 4 Potential Impacts Hydrogeology Groundwater in the weathered overlain material generally flows towards the south and locally flows into Sg. Jimah and Sg. Runtoh. Groundwater in the main aquifer flows southwards to Malacca Strait and to the adjacent rivers as well. Modular Path-line model and Modular Transport Three Dimensional Multi Species model predicted that any contaminant discharge from the Proposed Project site is expected to flow underground in the groundwater flow direction and will reach Sg. Jimah about 50 years as well as Sg. Runtoh about 60 years. Air Quality During the construction stage, Industrial Source Complex Short Term Version 3 model predicted that the maximum 24-hour ambient air concentration of total suspended particulate (TSP) at Kg. 107 Ekar and the Proposed Project 3 3 site are 386 g/m and 1,551 g/m respectively if no control measures are implemented. With control measures the TSP concentration will be within the Malaysian Ambient 3 Air Quality Guidelines (260 g/m ). During the operational stage, the predicted concentrations of TSP outside the Proposed Project site are within the guidelines limit even without dust control measures. At Kg. 107 Ekar, the predicted average methane and 3 3 NMOC concentrations are 739 g/m and 5 g/m respectively. Mitigation Measures The construction and maintenance of perimeter drains surrounding the landfill site will minimise the spreading of leachate underground and control the surface run-off from the tipping area. Residual Impacts
Construction Stage Permanent surfacing of all heavily-used incoming access roadways with concrete and asphalt. All temporary access roads should be surfaced with crushed gravel or crusher run. A washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities shall be provided for cleaning vehicles. Access roadways shall be wetted down to minimise fugitive dust emissions. Transport vehicles and construction machinery shall be regularly serviced and properly maintained. Topsoil stockpiles should be kept covered or have a suitable dust palliative applied. Suitable dust palliative or watering should be applied to unsealed roads.
TSP is generally low and insignificant. Methane dioxide negligible national emissions. and carbon emission is in relation to and global
Other gaseous pollutants do not have any significant impact on air quality as the amount emitted is in trace amounts.
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No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Operational Stage The most effective means of reducing dust emissions is to pave roadways and any other areas where there is a regular movement of vehicles. Exposed areas should be covered wherever practical either by paving or turfing. The Proposed Project site should demonstrate good maintenance and housekeeping practices. Incoming waste that are light, powdery and has a propensity to become fugitive dust emissions must be moved very carefully and must be covered with other waste or cover soil as soon as possible. Earthwork activities should be minimised during windy periods. Incoming waste odours can be most effectively controlled by prompt spreading, compaction and covering to prevent exposure of the waste. Adequate aeration is usually effective in controlling leachate odours typically at the MRF. Spillage of waste materials and its accompanying residues should be removed as quickly as possible by dry washing. Sorting activities at the MRF should be conducted within 12 hours of waste delivery. Garbage trucks should be closed and equipped with leachate collection system to prevent spillage of leachate on roads and generation of bad odour. Residual Impacts
Odour During the operational stage, the predicted 24-hour average odour levels at the Proposed Project site and Kg. 107 Ekar are < 1.0 ou for the properly managed scenario. However, the predicted odour levels increase to 26.2 ou and 1.3 ou at the Proposed Project site and Kg. 107 Ekar respectively for the no proper management scenario. Odour nuisance based on emissions from the proposed landfill which is properly managed is predicted to be insignificant. However, if the landfill is poorly managed odour may become a nuisance up to a kilometre from the Proposed Project site.
Malodour is present.
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No. 7 Potential Impacts Noise During the construction stage, noise levels are expected to be insignificant as construction activities are confined to day time and temporary in nature. During the operational stage, noise levels at various baseline sampling sites are not expected to increase significantly, the nearest residential area of Kg. 107 Ekar where noise is predicted remains at 62.4 dBA. Mitigation Measures Mitigation and management measures are recommended to further minimise any noise impacts: Construction and operational activities are confined to daytime operations from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Conduct regular maintenance on machinery/ equipment/vehicles to minimise excessive noise. Retain existing vegetation around the Proposed Project site boundary. Incorporate applicable and practicable silencers and enclosures for machineries or equipment. The buffer zone at the north of the Proposed Project site shall be preserved. Residual Impacts Insignificant.
Land Use The Proposed Project site is located within the low risk zone of environmental sensitive areas. The nearest sensitive receptor, Kg. 107 Ekar is approximately 700 m from the Proposed Project boundary. The other settlements are located more than 1 km away.
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No. 9 Potential Impacts Terrestrial Flora and Fauna During the construction stage, the impacts on terrestrial flora relates to the activities of cutting, clearing and disposing of the oil palm trunks and leaves. However, these impacts are not important to the flora as a whole as weed species are neither economically nor scientifically important. During the operational stage, proliferation of pest such as mosquitoes, houseflies, house rats as well as birds especially crows at the vicinity will pose a health hazard to humans because they are known as vectors for various diseases. Mitigation Measures Construction Stage The most appropriate mitigation measure is to keep the workers camps clean. Other mitigation measures include: Housekeeping shall be conducted at least once a week or at a more regular basis to minimise proliferation of pests. Discourage workers from keeping pets. Domestic garbage generated from the workers camps shall be disposed of at the nearby Bukit Palong landfill. Operational Stage Soil cover is the most effective measure to minimise the proliferation of pests hunting for food. Erection of fence to deter animals from entering the Proposed Project site. Daily washing of the sorting area at the MRF is encouraged to minimise residue waste left in the facility. Pest breeding grounds shall be destroyed. Fogging or spraying of chemicals to control pests shall be conducted cautiously. Biological control method is encouraged to be used. Establishment of monitoring programmes to assess the health status of aquatic flora and fauna at downstream of the treated leachate discharge point. Residual Impacts
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GUNUNG-GANANG
No. 10 Potential Impacts Aquatic Flora and Fauna During the construction stage, adverse impacts would be significant if there are no proper wastewater management facilities provided for sewage and sullage. Excessive ammoniacal nitrogen can affect the fish in terms of growth rate, hatching and changes in tissues of gills, liver and kidneys. High suspended sediment concentrations within rivers can affect the behaviour, health, reproduction and habitat of freshwater fish. High levels of suspended sediment can clog gills or cause gill abrasion, reduce light penetration, thus suppressing photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton and algae. During the operational stage, high concentration of ammonia from the leachate can have an effect on growth, reproduction and survival of invertebrates, fishes and aquatic plants. Mitigation Measures Construction Stage Mitigation measures recommended in the above for surface water quality and soil erosion will minimise the adverse impacts for fish. Operational Stage The leachate treatment plant must always be operated and maintained to ensure the final discharge is always in compliance with the Second Schedule (Acceptable Discharge Conditions for Discharge of Leachate), Regulation 13 of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009. Composting facility shall be lined with geo-synthetic liners to prevent percolation of leachate into groundwater. The ponds in the LTP must all be lined to ensure the leachate does not infiltrate into the soil and groundwater. The wash waters generated at the composting plant, MRF and the truck wash must be channelled to the raw leachate holding pond of the LTP. All landfill surface run-off shall be diverted away from the landfill cell to reduce the amount of leachate generated. Residual Impacts
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GUNUNG-GANANG
No. 11 Potential Impacts Health During the construction stage, ambient total suspended particulate is a main concern if no control measures are undertaken. During the operational stage, total suspended particulate and gaseous pollutants are expected to be generated. A potential problem that may arise from the operation of the Proposed Project is creation of breeding sites for rodents and disease vectors like flies, cockroaches and mosquitoes. Mitigation Measures Mitigation measures for health issues are: Medical screening and immunisation of workers. Fogging at active working areas. Use of face masks for protection against respirable dusts by landfill workers. Regular water spraying to reduce dust generation. Minimise possibility of pest breeding and the spread of pest-related diseases. Minimise solid waste spillage during collection, transportation and disposal at the Project site. All deposited waste in the cell must be adequately covered with soil cover material at the end of each day's operation. No human scavengers should be allowed within the Proposed Project site. Setting up of washing and cleaning facilities for workers in the landfill and encouraging them to maintain personal hygiene. Residual Impacts Health risks of water pollutants are acceptable.
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GUNUNG-GANANG
No. 12 Potential Impacts Traffic Management Based on normal annual growth of 3% per annum, future level of service (LOS) for FR5 (Ladang Tanah Merah stretch) is estimated to be in good LOS for with and without the Proposed Project scenarios. Mitigation Measures The Proposed Project will not have a significant impact to the existing road network but some mitigation measures can be considered including: Proper traffic management and road signages and markings should be installed along the construction roads. Vehicle speed control to minimise risk of accidents. Most of the socio-economy issues highlighted by the residents have been discussed. Public concerns and issues also can be addressed through proper channels of communication to address their worries and disputes. Priority should be given to local residents for any job opportunities during the construction and operational stages. Undertake surveys to identify if any issues raised by the local residents still persist although mitigation measures have been undertaken. A special committee should be established. The committee shall consist of representatives from the operator and head of each settlement within the 5 km zone and local authorities. Residual Impacts Heavy traffic.
13
Socio-Economy At the time of the social survey, responses from the households showed that 40.3% of the households agreed and supported the Proposed Project, 52.3% disagreed and did not support it. The remaining 7.4% did not think that it was important for them to answer or did not have any knowledge about sanitary landfills. The perceived negative impacts by the respondents were mainly related to: i) movement of heavy vehicles (garbage trucks) which the residents perceived will make roads leading to the Proposed Project site unsafe; ii) influx of workers (including foreign workers) at the Proposed Project site which would be a social threat to the local residents; iii) perceptions that deteriorating air quality, pollution and contamination of water will cause health problems; and iv) disruption of livestock-rearing activities which are currently carried out in the area.
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GUNUNG-GANANG
8.0
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Analysis of the transportation route and the proposed landfill site is summarised as follows: i) Transportation of the wastes to the landfill site should be carried out during the off-peak hours.
ii) Traffic control system at the entrance to the landfill site should be implemented i.e. installation of traffic lights system to prevent collision of vehicles coming in and going out from the landfill site to the main road. iii) The trucks used should be fully covered to prevent wastes from dropping along the route to the Proposed Project site. iv) The drivers should have valid class of driving license and trained to handle heavy vehicles on busy roads. v) During the construction stage of the Proposed Project, safety rules and guidelines of the construction site should be implemented and control of contractors should be implemented to avoid mishaps at the work site. This would involve lifting of heavy equipment using cranes, excavation of soil for cell preparation and building foundations, and general site preparation. vi) During the operational stage traffic movement at the landfill site should be regulated to prevent collision accidents and a proper waiting area should be allocated for the trucks. vii) The landfill site is to be designed with gas collection piping system and the vent or flare as the case may be, should be located in a safe area within the landfill site boundary. viii) The cells should have an impervious layer to prevent rainwater or leachate from contaminating the ground water. ix) Strict administration of the landfill site is to be implemented to prevent trespassing and to avoid fires from being started by trespassers. x) Driving speed at the landfill site is to be regulated to a speed of 25 km per hour. xi) Monitoring of the gases should be carried out to ensure that the areas are not blanketed by toxic gases evolved from the decomposition of the waste. This is especially so in the case of hydrogen sulphide. xii) The risk of fires at the landfill site is limited to 1 x 10-5 per year from lightning. Risk of deliberate ignition of waste is not calculated as this is considered as sabotage and as such cannot be quantified. xiii) The risk of gas migrating to surrounding areas is negligible as the landfill site will be designed to the proper standard and impervious layering using clay or membranes will be implemented in the construction of the landfill cells. xiv) A detail study should be carried out prior to implementing the cell construction, as it will be the crucial part of the landfill operation. This would involve the design of vehicle movement route within the dump site area and the gradient of slope to prevent landslides within the cell.
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GUNUNG-GANANG
9.0
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Economic study of the environment impacts on health, farm yield, fisheries, livestock, industries and land value indicated that they are insignificant.
10.0
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims to facilitate the planning, controlling and monitoring of remedial activities and enforcement by the DOE in ascertaining that all conditions are complied with, when the plan is carried out. The EMP highlights the following: (a) Environmental Policy
It is an organisations aim and commitments towards the spirit of environmental protection and management based on environmental requirements, legislations and guidelines. (b) Organisational Structure
The parties involved in the Proposed Project are: JPSPN Main Contractor Main Operator Environmental Consultant Environmental Auditor (c) Environmental Requirements
Environmental requirements including the Terms and Conditions of EIA Approval, the relevant legal requirements and several guidelines are listed for reference. (d) Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Programmes
Environmental monitoring and inspection programmes were proposed to ensure that the environment impacts within and surrounding the Proposed Project site are being checked regularly. These programmes should be developed based on the requirements of the Terms and Conditions of EIA Approval and the recommendations of this DEIA Report. The proposed monitoring programmes include: Surface Water Groundwater Leachate Effluent Air Quality Odour Noise Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Solid Waste Disposal
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GUNUNG-GANANG
Scheduled Wastes and Hazardous Materials Wastewater Discharge Biological In additional, performance monitoring during the operational stage is recommended. Maintenance of records is one of the main elements in the performance monitoring. Environmental management and protection for the Proposed Project abandonment during the planning, construction and operational stages were also addressed in the EMP. (e) Emergency Response Plan
Emergency response plan (ERP) highlights the action to be taken if any emergencies occur due to natural hazards and accidents. The ERP for the Proposed Project site should be prepared once the organisation and operational aspects of the landfill site has been finalised. This would cover areas involving accidents at site, slope failures, handling of wastes and fire at cells.
11.0
CONCLUSION
The expected increase in the generation of the solid waste and the rapid depletion of existing capacity at the Bukit Palong and Sua Betong landfills indicate there is an urgent need to develop an integrated solid waste management facility that would cater for all types of municipal waste generated from the four districts, namely: Seremban, Port Dickson, Tampin and Rembau. Environmental issues and pollution derived from construction and operational activities will be reduced to an acceptable level if adequate mitigation measures and best management practices are implemented. Therefore, the operator of the sanitary landfill must ensure that all mitigation measures and best management practices are carried out accordingly.
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Executive Summary DEIA For Proposed Development of Sanitary Landfill Negeri Sembilan 1

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Executive Summary DEIA For Proposed Development of Sanitary Landfill Negeri Sembilan 1

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JABATAN PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGARA

KEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Volume I Executive Summary May 2011

GUNUNG-GANANG CORPORATION SDN BHD (476117-P)

STATEMENT OF NEED Solid Waste Generation and Projections

Figure ES-1: Location of Proposed Project Site

Proposed Project Site

Table ES-1: Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan

Source: Rancangan Struktur Negeri Sembilan 2001 2020.

Figure ES-2: Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Concept

Figure ES-3: General Layout of the Proposed Project

Landfill Operation and Maintenance

Table ES-3: Proposed Development Schedule

EXISTING ENVIRONMENT Topography

W8/S7 Kuala Lukut Besar

Legend: Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna Sampling Station

Climatology and Meteorology

Aquatic Flora and Fauna

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS

QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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