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Finsler Spinors and Twistors in
Einstein Gravity and Modications
Sergiu I. Vacaru

Science Department, University Al. I. Cuza Iasi,
54, Lascar Catargi street, Iasi, Romania, 700107
May 5, 2012
Abstract
We present a generalization of the spinor and twistor geometry
for FinslerCartan spaces modelled on tangent Lorentz bundles, or on
(pseudo) Riemanian manifolds. Nonholonomic (Finsler) twistors are
dened as solutions of generalized twistor equations determined by spin
connections and frames adapted to nonlinear connection structures.
We show that the constructions for local twistors can be globalized
using nonholonomic deformations with auxiliary metric compatible
connections completely determined by the metric structure and/or the
Finsler fundamental function. We explain how to perform such an
approach in the Einstein gravity theory formulated in Finsler like vari-
ables with conventional nonholonomic 2+2 splitting.
Keywords: spinors and twistors, Finsler geometry, nonlinear con-
nections, nonholonomic manifolds, Einstein spaces.
PACS: 04.50.Kd, 02.40.Tt, 04.90.+e, 04.20.Gz
MSC: 53B40, 32L25, 53C28, 83C60
Contents
1 Introduction 2

All Rights Reserved c 2012 Sergiu I. Vacaru,

sergiu.vacaru@uaic.ro, http://www.scribd.com/people/view/1455460-sergiu
1
2 Nonholonomic (Finsler) Geometry and Gravity 6
2.1 The geometry of nonholonomic bundles and manifolds . . . . 7
2.1.1 Nonlinear and distinguished connections . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.2 Metric compatible nonholonomic manifolds . . . . . . 8
2.1.3 Formulas in Nadapted frames and coordinates . . . . 10
2.2 Metric compatible FinslerCartan geometries . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.1 The Finsler fundamental/generating function . . . . . 14
2.2.2 The canonical Finsler connections and lifts of metrics 16
2.2.3 Models of FinslerCartan spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.4 On metric noncompatible Finsler geometries . . . . . 18
2.2.5 Finsler variables in general relativity . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Conformal transforms and Nconnections . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 FinslerCartan Spinors and Einstein gravity 23
3.1 Spinors and Nconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1.1 Cliord Nadapted structures and spin dconnections 23
3.1.2 Abstract dtensor and dspinor indices . . . . . . . . 26
3.2 Nadpted spinors and nonholonomic (Finsler) gravity . . . . 27
3.2.1 Nadapted covariant derivatives and spin coecients . 27
3.2.2 Spinor dcurvature and Bianchi identities . . . . . . . 28
3.2.3 Nadapted conformal transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4 Nonholonomic (Finsler) twistors 31
4.1 Twistor equations for nonholonomic 2+2 splitting . . . . . . . 32
4.1.1 Nonholonomic (Finsler) twistors . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.1.2 Geometric/physical meaning of anholonomic twistors . 33
4.2 Finsler twistors on tangent bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Nonholonomic local and global twistors . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.3.1 Nadapted local twistors and torsionless conditions . . 36
4.3.2 Global extensions of Nadapted twistor structures . . 39
1 Introduction
Twistor theory began with R. Penroses two papers in 1967 and 1968
and the subject has grown in dierent directions of modern mathematics
and classical and quantum physics (for introductions to twistor theory and
reviews of results, and references, see the monographs [1, 2, 3, 4]). From
a modest geometric point of view, twistor structures and transforms are
naturally related to certain methods of constructing solutions for selfdual
2
YangMills and Einstein equations and complex/supersymmetric general-
izations of the Minkowski and Einstein spacetime geometry.
In this article, we give an introduction into the dierential geometry of
Finsler spinors and twistors. We shall dene twistors for models of met-
ric compatible Finsler spaces and study possible connections to the general
relativity theory and modications. Our pragmatic goal is to point re-
searchers that there is an important relation between the twistor transforms,
nonholonomic deformations of fundamental spacetime geometric objects and
a method for generating exact odiagonal solutions of gravitational eld
equations in Einstein gravity and modied/generalized theories.
1
We shall
apply a geometric formalism related to the anholonomic frame deformation
method of constructing exact solutions [5, 6, 7] and Abrane, deformation
and gauge like quantization of gravity [8, 9, 10]. In such models, Finsler
like variables can be introduced via respective nonholonomic 2+2 and/or
n + n splitting, for distributions with bered structure, on Einstein and/or
(pseudo) Riemannian manifolds. This allows us to decouple the Einstein
equations with respect to some classes of nonholonomic frames and con-
struct generic odiagonal exact solutions depending on all coordinates via
certain classes of generating and integration functions and parameters.
Let us emphasize some substantial dierences between the geometry of
(pseudo) Finsler spaces and that of (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds
2
, see
denitions and details in next section. Dierent models of Finsler geome-
try are characterized by dierent classes of nonlinear and linear connections
and lifts on tangent bundles of geometric objects, nonholonomic distribu-
tions and related curvature and torsion tensors. Such a geometry is not
completely determined by a Finsler metric F(x
i
, y
a
), which is a nonlinear
quadratic element with homogeneity conditions of typical ber coordinates
y
a
on a tangent bundle TM to a manifold M, with local coordinates x
i
,
or a (nonholonomic) manifold V with nonintegrable bred structure. The
geometric constructions on Finsler spaces have to be adapted to an another
fundamental geometric object, the nonlinear connection (Nconnection), N.
1
The corresponding metrics can not be diagonalized via coordinate transforms. In
modern literature, there are used dierent words anholonomic, nonholonomic and/or
nonintegrable which we shall consider as equivalent ones.
2
In our works, the meaning of the word pseudo is equivalent to semi which are
used for models of curved spaces in standard particle and gravity physics and/or in math-
ematical literature when the metric may have a local pseudoEuclidean local signature of
type (, +, +, +). Here we note that such terms, together with a nonstandard for physi-
cists concept of Minkowski space, have dierent denitions in some monographs on Finsler
geometry [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16], see also recent theories with (pseudo) Finsler metrics,
for instance, [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22].
3
There are necessary additional assumptions on a chosen Finsler linear con-
nection D (the third fundamental geometric object, also adapted to the
Nconnection) which can be metric compatible, or noncompatible.
3
In
certain cases, it is possible to construct an associated metric structure g
on total space TM, to introduce various types of curvature, torsion and
nonmetricity tensors etc.
In brief, a model of Finsler geometry is completely stated by a triple
of fundamental boldface geometric objects (F : N, g, D) generated by F,
which is very dierent from the case of (pseudo) Riemannian geometry which
is determined by data (g,), for a metric tensor g being compatible with the
LeviCivita connection and with zero torsion (such a linear connection is
completely dened by the metric structure).
Some classes of Finsler geometries and generalizations may admit spinor
formulations [25, 26, 27]. For instance, in the case of metric compatible
models, such methods were developed for the socalled FinslerCartan and
canonical distinguished connections [28, 17, 23]) when well dened Finsler
Ricci ow [29], supersymmetric [30] and/or noncommutative generalizations
[31] can be performed and applied for generating exact solutions for Finsler
brane cosmology [32] and commutative and noncommutative Finsler black
holes/ellipsoids [33] etc. Such constructions are technically very cumber-
some and, in general, not possible for metric noncompatible Finsler geome-
tries with, for instance, Chern or Berwald connections, see [23, 24, 34] and
references therein for reviews of results and critical remarks on possible ap-
plications in modern physics.
A proposal how the concept of twistors and nonholonomic twistor equa-
tions could be extended for Finsler spaces and generalizations was discussed
in [26]. The approach was based on an idea to use spinor and twistor geome-
tries for arbitrary nite dimensional spacetimes (see Appendix to volume 2
in [1]) modied to the case of metric compatible Finsler connections and
their higher order generalizations with nonhomogeneous generating func-
tions, for instance, generalized Lagrange geometries etc. Those nonholo-
nomic (generalized Finsler) twistor constructions had some roots to former
3
We use boldface symbols for spaces enabled with a Nconnection structure and ge-
ometric objects adapted to such a structure [23, 24]. In certain canonical models of
Finsler geometry, the values F N, F g, F D are derived for a fundamental (generating)
Finsler function F following certain geometric/variational principles, up to certain classes
of generalized frame transforms. For simplicity, in this work we shall omit left up or low
labels if that will not result in ambiguities. We shall work on necessary type real and/or
complex manifolds of nite dimensions. Tensor and spinor indices will be considered, in
general, as abstract ones, and with the Einsteins summation rule for frame/coordinate
reprezentations.
4
our works on twistor wave function of Universe [35] and nearly geodesic
maps of curved spaces and twistors [36].
4
Recently, it was suggested [46] to use the nondegenerate Hessian g
ab
:=
1
2

2
F
y
a
y
b
in order to dene a class of twistor structures related to Finslerian
geodesics, which are integral curves of certain systems of ordinary dierential
equations (ODEs) and some projective classes of isotropic sprays. Such con-
structions were performed for Finsler generating functions with scalar ag
curvature, in special, for the Randers metric. It was possible to formulate a
variational principle for twistor curves arising from such examples of Finsler
geometries with scalar ag structure. The (nonlinear) geodesic/ (semi) spray
4
Historical Remarks: The author of this paper began his research on twistor
gauge models of gravity when he was a postgraduate at physics department of M.
A. Lomonosov State University at Moscow, during 1984-1987. At that time, there were
translated in Russian some fundamental papers on Twistor Theory and published a se-
ries of important works by soviet authors, for instance, the Russian variant of [2].
Various subjective issues related to the crash of former Soviet Union resulted in de-
fending authors PhD thesis [37] in 1994, at University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, UAIC, at
Iasi (Yassy), Romania. There were also certain important scientic arguments to transfer
such a research on geometry and physics from Russia to Romania, where two schools on
nonholonomic geometry and generalized Finsler spaces (G. Vranceanu and R. Miron, A.
Bejancu and others) published a number of works beginning 20ths of previous Century
but worked in isolation during dictatorial socialist period.
Twistor equations are generically nonintegrable for arbitrary curved spacetime. Such
equations became integrable, for instance, if the Weyl spinor vanishes, see details in [1].
Our main idea is to use for denition of twistors another class of equations with an
auxiliary metric compatible connection, completely determined by the same metric but
with nontrivial torsion. For certain conditions on noholonomic structure, various non
integrable twistor congurations can be globalized in a selfconsistent form. Imposing
additional anholonomi conditions, we can extract, for instance, certain real vacuum Ein-
stein manifolds. Such methods were formalized by G. Vranceanu in his geometry of non-
holonomic manifods [38, 39, 40], see further developments in [41] and, with applications
in modern classical and quantum gravity and generalized Finsler geometries and (non)
commutative geomeric ows, [5, 17, 23, 31].
In some sense, Finsler spaces are modelled by geometries with nonholonomic distribu-
tions on tangent bundles or on manifolds with bered structure. The directions summa-
rized in monograph by R. Miron and M. Anastasiei [13] were developed following some
fundamental geometric ideas and results due to E. Cartan [28], M. Matsumoto [12] and
others (on almost Kahler Finsler structures, Einstein equations for the CartanFinsler
connection, J. Kerns geometrization of mechanics via Finsler methods [42] etc). Using
nonholonomic distributions, it was possible to formulate Cliord and spinor analogs of
metric compatible Finsler geometries and generalizations and dene DiracFinsler oper-
ators [25, 26], see also reviews of results and complete lists of references in [27, 17, 31].
Approaches based on Berwald and Chern connections, semisprays and sectional curvature
[16, 43] have been developed in modern literature but because of nonmetricity and spectic
nonminimal relations between the Finsler metric and curvature seem to be less related
to standard theories in physics [34, 24, 23].
5
congurations reect only partially the geometric properties, and possible
relations to systems of dierential equations (with partial derivatives ones,
PDEs, and/or ODEs) of spaces endowed with fundamental Finsler functions.
As we emphasized above, complete geometric and possible physically viable
models of Finsler spacetimes can be formulated after additional assumptions
on linear connection structures and conditions on their (non) compatibility
with the metric and Nconnection structure. Only in such cases, we can con-
clude if there are, or not, Finsler analogs of spinors and anisotropic models
of bosonic and fermionic elds and interactions for certain classes of Finsler
connections.
This paper is organized as follows: In section 2, we present a brief in-
troduction into the geometry of metric compatible nonholonomic manifolds
and bundles enabled with nonlinear connection (Nconnection) structure. It
is elaborated an unied Nadapted formalism both for the FinslerCartan
spaces and the Einstein gravity theory reformulated in Finsler like variables.
We also provide new results on the geometry of conformal transforms and
Nconnection structures. Section 3 is devoted to the dierential geome-
try of spinors on FinslerCartan and EinsteinFinsler spaces. We dene
nonholonomic (Finsler) twistors in section 4 considering auxiliar metric
compatible Finsler like connections. There are studied the conditions when
nonholonomic twistors can describe global structures in Einstein gravity and
modications.
Acknowledgements: Authors research is partially supported by the
Program IDEI, PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0256.
2 Nonholonomic (Finsler) Geometry and Gravity
Finsler type geometries can be modelled on (pseudo) Riemannian man-
ifolds and/or tangent bundles enabled with necessary types nonholonomic
distributions and supersymmteric and/or noncommutative generalizations.
In this section, we x notations and provide necessary results. For details
and proofs, we refer to [9, 24, 23, 17] where the socalled geometry of Finsler
Einstein gravity and modications is formulated in a language familiar to
researchers in mathematical relativity.
6
2.1 The geometry of nonholonomic bundles and manifolds
2.1.1 Nonlinear and distinguished connections
Let us consider a (n + m)dimensional real or complex manifold V of
necessary smooth/analytic/holomorphic class, where 1) n = m = 2 (this
will be used for constructing exact solutions in general relativity applying
Finsler and twistor methods), or 2) n = m = 4 (for Finsler twistor models
on tangent bundles to Lorentz manifolds).
Denition 2.1 A nonholonomic manifold is a pair (V, N) dened by a
nonintegrable distribution N on V.
The geometry of nonholonomic real manifolds is studied in Refs. [38, 39,
40, 23, 17] for various nite dimensions n 2 and m > 1. For simplicity,
we shall consider a subclass of nonholonomic distributions N stating bered
structures : V V with constant rank , where V is a two dimensional, 2-
d, or 4-d, (for instance, pseudoRiemanian manifold, or any its complexied
version). In general, we can consider any such map with dierential map

: TV TV when the kernel of

, which is just the verstical subspace

vV with a related inclusion mapping i : vV TV, denes a corresponding
vertical subspace as a nonholonomic distribution.
Denition 2.2 Theorem: A nonlinear connection (Nconnection) N on
V can be dened in two equivalent forms:
a) by the splitting on the left with an exact sequence 0 vV
i
TV
TV/vV 0, i.e. by a morphism of submanifolds N : TV vV such that
N i is the unity in vV.
b) Globalizing the local distributions associated to such nonholonomic split-
ting N we prove that a Nconnection denes a Whitney sum of conventional
horizontal (h) subspace, hV, and vertical (v) subspace, hV,
TV =hVvV. (1)
We shall use boldface symbols in order to emphasize that a geometric
object is dened on a nonholonomic manifold V enabled with Nconnection
structure and call such an object to be, for instance, a distinguished tensor
(in brief, dtensor, d-metric, dspinor, dconnection), or a dvector X =
(hX, vX) TV. A Nconnection is characterized by its curvature, i.e. the
Neijenhuis tensor,
(X, Y) := [vX, vY] +v [X, Y] v [vX, Y] v [X, vY] , (2)
7
for any dvectors X, Y and commutator [, ] .
5
Denition 2.3 A distinguished connection (dconnection) D is a linear
connection conserving under parallelism the Whitney sum (1), i.e. the N
connection splitting into h and vsubspaces.
We can perform a decomposition of Dinto h- and vcovariant derivatives
D =(hD, vD) , when D
X
:= XD =hXD + vXD =hD
X
+ vD
X
, where
is the interior product.
Denition 2.4 For a dconnection D, we can dene:
a) the torsion dtensor
T (X, Y) := D
X
YD
Y
X[X, Y] ; (3)
b) the curvature dtensor
R(X, Y) := D
X
D
Y
D
Y
D
X
D
[X,Y]
. (4)
Introducing h-vdecompositions D = (hD, vD) and X = (hX, vX) in
above formulas, we compute respective h-vcomponents (i.e. dtensor N
adapted components) of the torsion and curvature of a dconnection. For
instance, there are ve nontrivial components of torsion,
T (X, Y) = {hT (hX, hY), hT (hX, vY), vT (hX, hY), vT (aX, hY), vT (vX, vY)},
for arbitrary dvectors X and Y.
2.1.2 Metric compatible nonholonomic manifolds
A nonholonomic manifold V is enabled with a metric structure dened
by symmetric nondegenerate second rank tensor g. Such a metric can be
described equivalently by a dmetric g = (hg, vg) with corresponding h
and vmetrics, in Nadapted form.
Denition 2.5 -Theorem: A dconnection D is metric compatible with a
dmetric g if and only if Dg = 0 imposing conditions of compatibility in
h-vform for decompositions D =(hD, vD) and g = (hg, vg).
5
Nconnections were used in coecient form in E. Cartans rst monograph on Finsler
geometry [28]. The rst global denition is due to C. Ehresmann [44], it was studied in
Finsler geometry and generalizations by A. Kawaguchi [45] and Romanian geometers [13].
The abroach was developed and applied to various nonholonomic and/or Finsler general-
izations on superspaces, in noncommutative geometry and constructing exact solutions in
gravity [25, 30, 26, 17, 23], see also references therein.
8
In this paper, we shall use only metric compatible connections.
Theorem 2.1 Any metric structure g denes a unique LeviCivita con-
nection which is metric compatible, g = 0, and with zero torsion,

T (X, Y) :=
X
Y
Y
X[X, Y] = 0.
We note that is not a dconnection because it does not preserve un-
der parallelism the Nconnection splitting. For a N (1) with nonzero N
curvature (2), there is a preferred dconnection which can be considered
as the analog of the LeviCivita connection for nonholonomic manifolds:
Theorem 2.2 Any metric structure g denes a unique canonical dconnecti-
on D which is metric compatible, Dg = 0, and with zero pure hori-
zontal and vertical dtorsions, i.e., respectively, hT (hX, hY) = 0 and
vT (vX, vY), for T (X, Y) := D
X
YD
Y
X[X, Y] .
For a xed N, both linear connections and Dare completely dened by
the same metric g.
6
There is a substantial dierence between the canonical
dconnection D and the connections used in RiemannCartan geometry
(see, for instance, [1] and detailed discussions with respect Einstein and
Finsler geometries and metricane generalizations in [9, 23, 17]). The
torsion T is completely dened by data (g, N), i.e. by the metric structure
if the value N is prescribed, but in the EinsteinCartan gravity we need
additional algebraic equations for torsion.
Corollary 2.1 There is a canonical distortion relation
D = +Q, (5)
where both linear connections D and and the distortion tensor Q are
completely dened by the metric tensor g for a prescribed Nconnection
splitting.
Using the torsion tensor R (4) of D, we can introduce in standard form
the Ricci dtensor Ric, which is nonsymmetric because of nontrivial non-
holonomic/ torsion structure, the curvature scalar
s
R and the Einstein
6
In a series of our works, we wrote

D for the canonical dconnection and used hats
for the coecients and values computed for this linear connection. In this article we shall
use only the symbol D; in next sections,

D will be used for a conformal transforation of
D.
9
dtensor E. The (canonical nonholonomic) Einstein equations for D are
written geometrically
E = Ric
1
2
g
s
R = , (6)
where the source can be computed as in general relativity (GR) with
spacetime metric but D. A Nadapted variational calculus with pos-
sible matter elds (uids, bosons, fermions etc, all with respect to non-
holonomic frames) can be formulated but this will result in nonsymmetric
dtensors , which is not surprising because of nonholonmic character of
such constructions with induced torsion. On (pseudo) Riemannian mani-
folds with singnature (+ ++) and a prescribed nonintegrable decomposi-
tion 2 +2, we can perform local constructions with {T

}, where T

is the energymomentum tensor in GR. This allows us to provide a physical

interpretation to interactions constants. We need additional assumptions
on new interaction constants if the equations are considered on a tangent
bundle with total dimension 8; from a formal geometric point of view, there
are certain canonical lifts of geometric objects on Lorentz manifolds to their
tangent bundles.
The canonical distortion tensor Q[g, N] from (5) is an algebraic com-
bination of the nonholonomically induced torsion T [g, N] all completely
dened by values g and N. It is possible to choose certain integrable con-
gurations
int
N (this is equivalent to transforms of geometric constructions
with respect to certain classes of locally integrable frames of reference) when
= 0, T = 0, Q = 0 (7)
Theorem 2.3 For integrable Nconnection strutures when D
|T =0
= , the
canonical nonholonomic Einstein equations (6) for (pseudo) Riemannian
metrics of dimension 2 + 2 are equivalent to the Einstein equations in GR.
Proof. It is a straightforward consequence of Corollary 2.1 and (7) and
above presented considerations on sources.
(end proof).
2.1.3 Formulas in Nadapted frames and coordinates
We shall denote the local coordinates on a nonholonomic manifold V
in the form u = (x, y), or u

= (x
i
, y
a
), where the hindices run values
i, j, ... = 1, 2, ...n (for nonholonomic deformations in GR, i, j, ... = 1, 2 or,
on tangent to Lorentz bundles, i, j, ... = 1, 2, 3, 4) and the vindices take
10
values a, b, c, ... = n + 1, n + 2, n + m (for nonholonomic deformations in
GR, a, b, ... = 3, 4 and, on tangent to Lorentz bundles, or a, b, ... = 5, 6, 7, 8).
For bundle spaces, y
a
are typical ber coordinates and x
i
are coordinates
on base manifolds. We can introduce on V certain local coordinate bases

= /u

= (
i
= /x
i
,
a
= /y
a
) and their duals du

= (dx
j
, dy
b
)
[we shall emphasize some indices if it is necessary that they are coordinate
ones but omit underlining when that will not result in ambiguities].
Transforms to arbitrary local frames, e

, and (co) frames, e

, are given
by nondegenerate vierbein matrices, e

(u), and their duals, e

(u), re-
spectively, e

= e

and e

= e

du

. Such transforms do not preserve

a Nconnection splitting and mix h-vindices. Notunderlined indices
, , ...; i, j, ...; a, b, ... will be considered, in general, as abstract labels [1].
The indices may be considered as coordinate ones for decompositions with
respect to coordinate bases (in our works, we do not consider boldface
indices but only boldface sympbols for spaces/geometric objects enabled
with/adapted to a Nconnection structure).
Locally, a Nconnection N (1) is dened by its coecients N
a
i
(u),
N = N
a
i
(u)dx
i
/y
a
.
Proposition 2.1 A Nconnection structure states a Nlinear system of ref-
erence,
e

=
_
e
i
=

x
i
N
b
i

y
b
, e
a
=

y
a
_
, (8)
and its dual
e

=
_
e
j
= dx
j
, e
b
= dy
b
+N
b
i
dx
i
_
. (9)
Proof. This follows from the possiblity to construct Nadapted bases
of type
e

= e

and e

= e

du

, (10)
where
e

(u) =
_
e
i
i
(u) N
b
i
(u)e
a
b
(u)
0 e
a
a
(u)
_
, e

(u) =
_
e
i
i
(u) N
b
k
(u)e
k
i
(u)
0 e
a
a
(u)
_
.
(11)

One of the arguments to say that manifolds/bundles enabled with N

connection structure are nonholonomic is that the frames (9) satisfy the
11
nonholonomy relations
[e

, e

] = e

= W

, (12)
where the (antisymmetric) nontrivial anholonomy coecients are computed
W
b
ia
=
a
N
b
i
and W
a
ji
=
a
ij
.
Proposition 2.2 Any metric structure g on V can be written in Nadapted
form as a distinguished metric (dmetric)
g =
h
g +
v
h = g
ij
(u) e
i
e
j
+ h
ab
(u) e
a
e
b
. (13)
Proof. Via frame/coordinate transforms, g

= e

, any metric
g = g

(u) du

du

(14)
can written in the form
g

=
_
g
ij
+N
a
i
N
b
j
h
ab
N
e
j
h
ae
N
e
i
h
be
h
ab
_
. (15)
Introducing formulas (9) and (11) into (13) we obtain the coordinate form
(14) and (15). Inverse transforms are similar.

Using the last two propositions, we can compute the Nadapted coe-
cients

=
_
L
i
jk
, L
a
bk
, C
i
jc
, C
a
bc
_
, with respect to frames (8) and (9), of
the canonical dconnection D,
L
i
jk
=
1
2
g
ir
(e
k
g
jr
+e
j
g
kr
e
r
g
jk
) , (16)
L
a
bk
= e
b
(N
a
k
) +
1
2
h
ac
_
e
k
h
bc
h
dc
e
b
N
d
k
h
db
e
c
N
d
k
_
,
C
i
jc
=
1
2
g
ik
e
c
g
jk
, C
a
bc
=
1
2
h
ad
(e
c
h
bd
+e
c
h
cd
e
d
h
bc
) .
The Nadapted coecients of dtorsion
T = {T

= (T
i
jk
, T
i
ja
, T
a
ji
, T
a
bi
, T
a
bc
)} (2.1.1) of D are computed
T
i
jk
= L
i
jk
L
i
kj
= 0, T
i
ja
= T
i
aj
= C
i
ja
, T
a
ji
=
a
ji
,
T
a
bi
=
b
N
a
i
L
a
bi
, T
a
bc
= C
a
bc
C
a
cb
= 0. (17)
12
We provide also the Nadapted coecients of dcurvature
R = {R

= (R
i
hjk
, R
a
bjk
, R
i
jka
, R
c
bka
, R
i
jbc
, R
a
bcd
)} (4) of D,
R
i
hjk
= e
k
L
i
hj
e
j
L
i
hk
+L
m
hj
L
i
mk
L
m
hk
L
i
mj
C
i
ha

a
kj
,
R
a
bjk
= e
k
L
a
bj
e
j
L
a
bk
+L
c
bj
L
a
ck
L
c
bk
L
a
cj
C
a
bc

c
kj
,
R
i
jka
= e
a
L
i
jk
D
k
C
i
ja
+C
i
jb
T
b
ka
, (18)
R
c
bka
= e
a
L
c
bk
D
k
C
c
ba
+C
c
bd
T
c
ka
,
R
i
jbc
= e
c
C
i
jb
e
b
C
i
jc
+C
h
jb
C
i
hc
C
h
jc
C
i
hb
,
R
a
bcd
= e
d
C
a
bc
e
c
C
a
bd
+C
e
bc
C
a
ed
C
e
bd
C
a
ec
.
Contracting indices, we can compute the h- vcomponents R

of
the Ricci tensor Ric,
R
ij
R
k
ijk
, R
ia
R
k
ika
, R
ai
R
b
aib
, R
ab
R
c
abc
. (19)
The scalar curvature is
s
R g

= g
ij
R
ij
+h
ab
R
ab
. (20)
In component form, the analog of Theorem 2.3 is
Theorem 2.4 The Einstein equations in GR are equivalent to
R

1
2
g
s
R =

, (21)
L
c
aj
= e
a
(N
c
j
), C
i
jb
= 0,
a
ji
= 0, (22)
written for the canonical dconnection coecients (16) if

(energymomentu tensor for matter) for D .

Proof. It follows from above component formulas introduced in (6) and
(7). The constraints (22) are equivalent to (7), i.e. to the condition of zero
torsion (17) and zero distortion dtensors Q = 0, which results in D =,
see (5).

The main reason to work with equations of type (6) and (21) is that
such equations for D (we say in nonholonomic variables) decouple with
respect to Nadapted frames (for spaces with splitting of dimension 2, or
3, +2 + 2 + 2 + ...) for generic odiagonal ansatz for metric g and cer-
tain parametrizations of N depending on all coordinates. This allows us
to integrate such nonlinear PDE in very general forms. We construct inte-
gral varieties determined by corresponding classes of generating and integra-
tion functions and integration constant which may be dened from certain
13
boundary/Cauchy conditions and additional physical arguments. Imposing
additional LeviCivita (LC) conditions (7), which constrain nonholonomi-
cally the integral varieties of solutions of E = , we can extract solutions
in GR. We note that we can not decouple and integrate in such odiagonal
forms the Einstein equations if we work from the very begining and only
with . The main trick is that we relax the constraints of zero torsion
in the standard Einstein equations by considering an auxiliary connection
D (in next section, we shall see that this is a Finsler type dconnection);
such constructions are provided in Refs. [6, 7, 5, 17, 23].
2.2 Metric compatible FinslerCartan geometries
We outline some results from the Finsler geometry on tangent bundles
[13, 14, 28, 11, 12, 16] and show how the constructions can be redened for
nonholonomic (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds [23, 17, 34, 5].
2.2.1 The Finsler fundamental/generating function
Let us consider a tangent bundle TM =

xM
T
x
M, where T
x
M are
the tangent spaces at points x M, for the base space M being a real C

manifold of dimension dimM = n. Roughly, the term Finsler metric F is

used for a (Finsler) geometry determined on TM by a nonlinear quadratic
element
ds
2
= F
2
(x, dx), (23)
when dx
i
y
i
. This generalizes the wellknown and very important example
of (pseudo) Riemannian geometry, determined by a metric tensor g
ij
(x
k
).
Taking is a particular case with quadratic form F =
_
|g
ij
(x)y
i
y
j
| we obtain
ds
2
= g
ij
(x)dx
i
dx
j
. (24)
Such an element states a geometry on M with geometric objects depending
only on xvariables even for denitions of tensors, linear connections, spinors
etc objects the tangent bundle TM is also involved in order to dene such
objects by analogy to at spaces.
Denition 2.6 A Finsler fundamental/generating function (metric) is a
function F : TM [0, ) subjected to the conditions:
1. F(x, y) is C

on

TM := TM\{0}, for {0} denoting the set of zero
sections of TM on M;
14
2. F(x, y) = F(x, y), for any > 0, i.e. it is a positive 1homogeneous
function on the bers of TM;
3. for any y

T
x
M, the Hessian
v
g
ij
(x, y) =
1
2

2
F
2
y
i
y
j
(25)
is considered as s a vertical (v) metric on typical ber, i.e. it is
nondegenerate and positive denite, det |
v
g
ij
| = 0.
If the base M is taken to be a Lorentz manifold in GR, we can constr-
cut generalizations on TM with a good physical axiomatic system which
is very similar to that of Einstein gravity when the LeviCivita connection
is substituted by a metric compatible Finsler variant of the canonical
dconnection D, see discussions in [47, 48] and next subsections.
Remark 2.1 The condition 3 above should be relaxed to not positive de-
nite for models of Finsler gravity with nite, in general, locally anisotropic
speed of light.
Considering a background (pseudo) Riemannian metric g
ij
(x) with sin-
gature (+, +, +, ) on M, we can elaborate various geometric and physical
models on TM with locally anisotropics metrics g
ij
(x, y) depending on ve-
locity type coordinates y
a
. The main dierence between (pseudo) Rieman-
nian and Finsler geometries is that the rst type ones are completely dened
by a metric structure g
ij
(x) (from which a unique LeviCivita connection
can be constructed) but the second type ones can not be completely derived
from a Finsler metric F(x, y) and/or its Hessian
v
g
ij
(x, y).
Remark 2.2 A complete Finsler geometry model (F :
F
N,
F
g,
F
D) can
be dened by additional assumptions on how three fundamental geometric
objects (the Nconnection
F
N, the total metric
F
g, the dconnection
F
D) can be determined uniquely by a fundamental Finsler function F.
Finsler like geometries can be elaborated on a generic nonholonomic
bundle/manifold V following selfconsistent geometric and physically im-
portant principles (for instance, V = TM, V is a (pseudo) Riemannian
manifold with nonholonomic 2 + 2 splitting [6, 7, 5]; there were performed
similar generalizations for supermanifolds/superbundles and/or noncommu-
tative generalizations, aneFinsler spaces etc, see [30, 31, 17]).
15
2.2.2 The canonical Finsler connections and lifts of metrics
Let us consider L = F
2
is considered as an eective regular Lagrangian
on TM and action integral S() =
1
_
0
L(x(), y())d, for y
k
() = dx
k
()/d,
where x() parametrizes smooth curves on a manifold M with [0, 1].
Lemma 2.1 The EulerLagrange equations
d
d
L
y
i

L
x
i
= 0 are equiva-
lent to the nonlinear geodesic (equivalently, semispray) equations
d
2
x
k
d
2
+
2

G
k
(x, y) = 0, where

G
k
=
1
4
g
kj
_
y
i

2
L
y
j
x
i

L
x
j
_
, (26)
for g
kj
being inverse to
v
g
ij
g
ij
(25).
Certain geometric properties of fundamental Finsler functions can be
studied via semispray congurations not concerning the problem of de-
nition of connections and metrics for such spaces. For instance, J. Kern
[42] suggested to consider nonhomomgeneous regular Lagrangians instead of
those considered in Finsler geometry. That resulted in socalled Lagrange
Finsler geometry studied in details in [13], on applications in modern physics
see [23, 34].
Denition 2.7 -Corollary: There is a canonical Nconnection

N = {

N
a
j
},

N
a
j
:=


G
a
(x, y)
y
j
, (27)
completely dened by the fundamental Finsler function F.
Proof. Using the above Lemma and local computations we can verify
that the conditions DenitionTherem (2.2) for Nconnections are satised.
See also details of such a proof in [13, 17].

We note that via

N a Finsler metric F denes naturally certain N
adapted frame structures e

= (e
i
, e
a
) and e

= (e
i
, e
a
) : we have to substi-
tute N
a
j


N
a
j
into, respectively, (8) and (9).
Denition 2.8 -Corollary: A total metric structure on TM can be dened
by a Sasaky type lift of g
ij
,
g = g
ij
(x, y) e
i
e
j
+ g
ij
(x, y) e
i
e
j
. (28)
16
It is possible to use other geometric principles for lifts and projections
when, for instance, from a given F it is constructed a complete homo-
geneous metric on total/horizontal spaces of TM. For models of locally
anisotropic/Finsler gravity on TM, or on V, a generalized covariance princi-
ple has to be considered following geometric and physical considerations [47,
48]. Such constructions are performed up to certain frame/coordinate trans-
forms e

= e

. From a formal point of view, we can omit tilde

on symbols and write, in general, g = {g

and N = {N
a
i
= e
a
a

e
i

i
N
a

}. We
can dene a subclass of frame/coordinate transforms preserving a prescribed
splitting (1).
2.2.3 Models of FinslerCartan spaces
Using last two DenitionCorollaries, we prove
Theorem 2.5 A fundamental Finsler function F(x, y) denes naturally a
nonholonomic RiemannCartan model on

TM determined by geometric data
(F :
F
N =

N,
F
g = g,
F
D = D), where D is determined by Nadapted
coecients

= ( L
i
jk
, L
a
bk
, C
i
jc
, C
a
bc
) computed using formulas (16) for
g g (28) and N

N (27).
Introducing coecients

, respectively, into formulas (17) and (18),

we compute the torsion T and curvature R of D.
In Finsler geometry it is largely used the Cartan dconnection

D[28], see
details in [11, 13], which is also metric compatible and can be related to D
(16) via frame transforms and deformations. If we consider that L
a
bk
L
i
jk
and C
i
jc
C
a
bc
for arbitrary g and N on TM (i.e. we identify respectively
a = n+i with i and b = n+j), we obtain the socalled normal dconnection
n
D = (
n
L
i
jk
,
n
C
i
jc
) where
n
L
i
jk
=
1
2
g
ih
(e
k
g
jh
+e
j
g
kh
e
h
g
jk
),
n
C
a
bc
=
1
2
g
ae
(e
b
h
ec
+e
c
h
eb
e
e
h
bc
).
(29)
Denition 2.9 The Cartan dconnection

D = (

L
i
jk
,

C
i
jc
) is dened by
introducing g = g with

h
ij
= g
ij
and N =

N in (29).
Using formulas (17) and (18) for Nadapted coecients of

D, we prove
17
Theorem 2.6 The nontrival components of torsion

T

= {

T
i
jc
,

T
a
ij
,

T
a
ib
}
and curvature

R

= {

R
i
hjk
,

P
i
jka
,

S
a
bcd
} of

D are respectively

T
i
jk
= 0,

T
i
jc
=

C
i
jc
,

T
a
ij
=

a
ij
,

T
a
ib
= e
b
_

N
a
i
_

L
a
bi
,

T
a
bc
= 0, (30)
and

R
i
hjk
= e
k

L
i
hj
e
j

L
i
hk
+

L
m
hj

L
i
mk

L
m
hk

L
i
mj


C
i
ha

a
kj
, (31)

P
i
jka
= e
a

L
i
jk

D
k

C
i
ja
,

S
a
bcd
= e
d

C
a
bc
e
c

C
a
bd
+

C
e
bc

C
a
ed

C
e
bd

C
a
ec
.
A very important property of
_
g;

h
ij
= g
ij
,

D
_
is that such geometric
data can be encoded equivalently into an almost K ahler structure [12] (see
also section 2.2.4 in [24]). This allows us to perform deformation quantiza-
tion and or Abrane quantizations of Finsler geometry and generalizations,
see [9, 8]. Such constructions are important for denition of almost K ahler
spinors and Dirac operators in Finsler geometry (we do not present details
in this work but emphasize that almost symplectic Finsler structures can be
encoded into corresponding spinor and twistor structures).
2.2.4 On metric noncompatible Finsler geometries
Mathematicians elaborated dierent models of Finsler geometry gener-
ated by a fundamental Finsler function F(x, y). Most known are construc-
tions due to L. Berwald [49] and S. Chern [50] (see details in [16]) and
nonstandard denition for the Ricci curvature by H. AkbarZadeh [43].
For instance,
the Berwald dconnection is
B
D : = (
B
L
i
jk
=

N
i
j
/y
k
,
B
C
i
jc
= 0);
the Chern dconnection is
Ch
D : = (
Ch
L
i
jk
=

L
i
jk
,
Ch
C
i
jc
= 0).
The Cherns dconnection is very similar to the LeviCivita connection,
for geometric constructions on the hsubspace. The Finsler geometries de-
termined by such dconnections are not metric compatible on total space
of TM and characterized by nontrivial nonmetricity elds, Q := Dg,
B
Q =
0 and
Ch
Q = 0. We studied various generalizations aneFinsler and
aneLagrange spaces in Part I of [17]. Nontrivial nonmetricity elds (and
nonstandard denitions of scalar and Ricci curvatures of Finsler spaces)
present, in general, diculties for denition of spinors and Dirac type oper-
ators, formulating conservation laws etc, see critical remarks in [34, 23, 24].
So, thre are substantial geometric and physical reasons to work with Finsler
Cartan type spaces and similar metric compatible congurations for appli-
cations in modern gravity and cosmology.
18
2.2.5 Finsler variables in general relativity
In this section, we show how the Einstein gravity can rewritten equiv-
alently in Finsler like variables.
Let us consider a (pseudo) Riemannian space V with nonholonomic 2+2
splitting N = {N
a
i
} and dmetric g = {g

} = {g

}, which can be
written in the form (13) and/or (14) and (15). We can always introduce on
a welldened cart for an atlas covering V a homogeneous function F(x, y)
satisfying the conditions of Denition 2.6 and Remark 2.1. Using such a
formal (pseudo) Finsler generating function, we can construct a Sasaki d
metric of type (28), for

f
ij
:=
1
2

2
F
2
y
i
y
j
and

N
a
j
obtained for F F following
formulas (27) and (26). With respect to dual local basis du

= (dx
i
, dy
a
),
such a total metric can be written in the form
f

=
_

f
ij
+

N
a
i

N
b
j

f
ab

N
e
j

f
ae

N
e
i

f
be

f
ab
_
.
Solving a quadratic algebraic equation for e

(u), for given values g

and
f

(u),
g

(u) = e

(u)e

(u)f

(u), (32)
we can rewrite connections and tensors on V, up to frame/coordinate trans-
forms, in terms of variables
_
F :

f
_
or (g, N) . We may change the carts and
coordinates and F in order to get real welldened solutions for vierbeins
e

.
The above constructions depend on arbitrary generating function F,
which states a 2+2 splitting via formulas (27) and (26) and respective frames
(8) and (9), in their turn admitting tranforms to Nelongated values deeter-
mined by N
a
i
and/or

N
a
j
. This reects the principle of general covariance
when some additional nonholonomic constraints are imposed on frame struc-
ture. If a relation (32) is established on V, we can compute the LeviCivita
connection using the values f

and/or, equivalently, g

. We can also
compute the coecients of D (16) and

D (29) with distortion relations of
type (5). All such values are completely determined by g

(equivalently
by f

). Technically, it is dicult to solve in general form the Einstein

equations of written in Finsler like variable because they contain terms
up to forth derivatives of F etc. Nevertheless, we can use some convenient
data (g, N) in order to nd a general solution g

of the system (21) and

to nd some variables f

using (32). If the constraints (22) are imposed

19
additionally, we generate solutions in GR. For Finsler generalizations, we do
not have to consider such LeviCivita conditions. Applying such a formal-
ism, we constructed noncommutative black ellipsoid solutions in Finsler like
variables [33].
Conclusion 2.1 1. Any metric compatible FinslerCartan geometry can
be modelled as a nonholonomic RiemanCartan geometry with an ef-
fective dtorsion completely determined by the metric and Nconnection
structures. We do not need additional algebraic equations as in Einstein
Cartan gravity in order to nd the dtorsion coecients.
2. Any (pseudo) Riemannian manifold can be equivalently described by
geometric data (g, ), and/or (g, N, D), and/or, in Finsler like vari-
ables, (F :

f = g,

N
a
j
,

D).
2.3 Conformal transforms and Nconnections
With respect to arbitrary or coordinate frames, it is not a trivial task to
dene conformal transforms because of generic anisotropy of spaces enabled
with Nconnection structure (in particular, for Finsler carta spaces) and
nonlinear dependence of metric and connections on N
a
i
and/or

N
a
j
. Nev-
ertheless, in Nadapted frames (8) and (9), certain analogy to Riemann
Cartan spaces can be found.
Let us denote by D any of metric compatible dconnections (16) or

D
(29). The torsion and curvature tensors (see Nadapted coecients (17)
and (18) and, respectively, (30) and (31)) are computed in abstract index
form via

f = T

f and
_

_
V

= R

,
for

:= D

= 2D
[
D
]
(33)
and arbitrary scalar function f(x, y) and dvector V

(in this work, we

follow a dierent rule/order of contracting indices than that in [1]).
We can consider a source dtensor

= g

+ 8GT

, where,
for 2 + 2 splitting, and G are respectively the cosmological and Newton
constants (such values can be dened via Sasaki lifts, for 4 + 4 models on
tangent bundles). The Einstein equations for D

can be written similarly

to (21),
R

1
2
g
s
R +g

= 8GT

, (34)
20
where R

:= R

and
s
R := g

. In the spinor formulation of grav-

ity, there are used
s
R := 24 = 4 8GT

, (35)

:= 3g

1
2
R

= 8G(
1
4
T

)
and the conformal dtensor
C

:= R

+ 2R
[
[

]
]
+
1
3
s
R

]
= R

+ 4P
[
[

]
]
(36)
where

is the Kronecker symbol and

2P

=
1
6
s
Rg

. (37)
Such dtensor formulas are related to similar ones for the LeviCivita con-
nection via distortions D = + Q (5),where all values are determined
by a corresponding dmetric (13) or (28). This results in distortions of
dtensors,
R

= R

+Q

,
s
R = R +
s
Q, (38)
R

= R

+Q

, C

= C

+
W
Q

,
were the left label
W
Q

is from the distortion of Weyls type conformal

dtensor.
Proposition 2.3 Under conformal transforms of coecients dmetric (13),
g

:=
2
(u)g

, (39)
preserving the Nconnection structure N = {N
a
i
}, the conformal dtensor
(36) satises the conditions

=
2
C

and

C

= C

.
Proof. Such transforms can be veried by a Nadapted calculus with
respect to xed Nelongated (8) and (9). We note here that with respect
to a coordinate frame, for a metric (14) with coecients (15), a transform
(39) dene a nonlinear transform of metric. The property of rescalling holds
only for the dmetric coecients with respect to xed data N = {N
a
i
}.

The Bianchi identities for D,

D
[
R
]
= 0, or D

= 2D
[
P
]
, (40)
are standard ones with possible h- and vprojections [13, 17].
21
Theorem 2.7 For any xed data (g

, N
a
i
) , there is a nonholonomic de-
formation to some
_
g

, N
a

_
for which C

= 0 with respect to a
re-dened e

= (e
j

, e
b

) (9).
Proof. Let us x a dmetric (13) with coecients g

:=
2
(u)

with

being diagonal constants of any necessary signature (1, , ..., ),

with respect to some e

= (e
j

= dx
j

, e
b

= dy
b

+ N
b

dx
i

). For such
a dmetric and Nadapted cobases, we can verify that C

= 0, as
a consequence of Proposition 2.3. We can redene data ( (13),g

) in a
coordinate form (14) with coecients (15) (with primed indices, g

).
Then considering arbitrary frame transforms e

we can compute g

=
e

. Finally, we can redene for a nonholonomic 2 + 2, or 4 + 4,

splitting certain data (g

, N
a
i
) , for which, in general, C

= 0, and
the corresponding to , C

= 0. Such construction with nonholonomic

deformations are possible because vierbeins (11) may depend on some N
coecients which can be present also in the generic odiagonal form of
primary metric. The transformation laws of dobjects on nonholonomic
manifolds with Nconnection are dierent from those on usual manifolds
without Nconnection splitting (1).

Conclusion 2.2 An arbitrary (pseudo) Riemannian spacetime V with met-

ric structure g = {g

} is not conformally at, i.e. C

= 0, for . Nev-
ertheless, we can always associate a nonholonomic manifold V enabled with
the same metric structure but with such a Nconnection N when the corre-
sponding canonical dconnection D is with zero Weyl dtensor C

= 0
(we omit priming of indices).
The above values C

and C

are related in unique form by dis-

tortions (5) for a unique D = + Q (5). Such constructions depend on
prescribed distribution N. They do not violate a principle of general covari-
ance on V , or V. We can prescribe a necessary type distribution, adapte
all constructions to Nsplitting, and then redene everything in arbitrary
systems of reference.
Finally, we note that similar statements can be formulated, up to some
frame transforms (32), for the cases when (g, N, D) ( g,

N,

D), i.e. for
a FinslerCartan space, or any such variables on a (pseudo) Riemannian
manifold.
22
3 FinslerCartan Spinors and Einstein gravity
Spinor and twistor geometries for data (g, N, D) and Nadapted frames
can be elaborated [25, 26, 27, 31, 17] similarly to those for (g, ) in arbitrary
frames of reference [1, 2, 3, 4]. The concept of distinguished spinor, dspinor,
was introduced as a couple of h and vspinors derived for a Nconnection
splitting (1), see a brief summary in sections 2.2 and 3.1 of [31].
3.1 Spinors and Nconnections
We provide main denitions and introduce an abstract index formalism
adapted nonholonomic manifolds/bundles with n +m splitting
3.1.1 Cliord Nadapted structures and spin dconnections
Denition 3.1 We dene a Cliord dalgebra as a V
n+m
algebra deter-
mined by a product uv +vu = 2g(u, v) I, with associated h, vproducts
h
u
h
v +
h
v
h
u = 2
h
g(u, v)
h
I,
v
u
v
v +
v
v
v
u = 2
v
h(
v
u,
v
v)
v
I,
for any u = (
h
u,
v
u), v = (
h
v,
v
v) V
n+m
, where I,
h
I and
v
I are
unity matrices of corresponding dimensions (n+m) (n+m), or nn and
mm.
7
Any metric
h
g on hV is dened by sections of T hV provided with a
bilinear symmetric form on continuous sections Sec(T hV). We can dene
Cliord halgebras
h
Cl(T
x
hV),
i

j
+
j

i
= 2 g
ij
h
I, in any point x
T hV.
The Cliord dmodule of a vector bundle E (in general, we can consider
a complex vector bundle
E
: E V) is dened by the C(V)module
Sec(E) of continuous sections in E, c : Sec(
N
Cl(V)) End(Sec(E)).
Prescribing a Nconnection structure, a Cliord Nanholonomic bundle on
V is by denition
N
Cl(V)
.
=
N
Cl(T

V), where T

is the dual tangent

bundle.
Denition 3.2 A Cliord dspace associated to data g(x, y) (13) and N
for a nonholonomic manifold V is dened as a Cliord bundle
Cl(V) =
h
Cl(hV)
v
Cl(vV),
with Cliord hspace,
h
Cl(hV)
.
=
h
Cl(T

hV), and Cliord vspace,

v
Cl(vV)
.
=
v
Cl(T

vV).
7
in certain cases, we shall consider only horizontal geometric constructions if they
are similar to vertical ones
23
Let V
n
be a vector space provided with Cliord structure. We write
h
V
n
if its tangent space is provided with a quadratic form
h
g and consider
h
Cl(V
n
) Cl(
h
V
n
) using the subgroup SO(
h
V
n
) O(
h
V
n
). A standard
denition of spinors is possible using sections of a vector bundle S on a
manifold M being considered an irreducible representation of the group
Spin(M)
.
= Spin(T

x
M) dened on the typical ber. The set of sections
Sec(S) denes an irreducible Cliord module.
The space of complex hspins is dened by the subgroup
h
Spin
c
(n) Spin
c
(
h
V
n
)
h
Spin
c
(V
n
) Cl(
h
V
n
),
determined by the products of pairs of vectors w
h
V
C
when w
.
= pu where
p is a complex number of module 1 and u is of unity length in
h
V
n
. Similar
constructions can be performed for the vsubspace
v
V
m
, which allows us
to dene similarly the group of real vspins. A hspinor bundle
h
S on a h
space hV is a complex vector bundle with both dened action of the hspin
group
h
Spin(V
n
) on the typical ber and an irreducible representation
of the group
h
Spin(V) Spin(hV)
.
= Spin(T

x
hV). The set of sections
Sec(
h
S) denes an irreducible Cliord hmodule.
Denition 3.3 A distinguished spinor (dspinor) bundle S
.
= (
h
S,
v
S)
for V, dimV = n + m, is a complex vector bundle with an action of
the spin distinguished (dgroup) Spin V
.
= Spin(V
n
) Spin(V
m
) with
an irreducible representation Spin(V)
.
= Spin(T

V). The set of sections

Sec(S) = Sec(
h
S) Sec(
v
S) is an irreducible Cliord dmodule.
The considerations presented above provide a proof for
Theorem 3.1 Any dmetric and Nconnection structures dene naturally
the fundamental geometric objects and structures (such as the Cliord h
module, vmodule and Cliord dmodules,or the hspin, vspin structures
and dspinors) for the corresponding nonholonomic spin manifold and/or
Nanholonomic spinor (dspinor) manifold.
We consider a Hilbert space of nite dimension and denote a local dual
coordinate basis e
i
.
= dx
i
on hV. In Nadpted form, it is possible to intro-
duce certain classes of orthonormalized vielbeins and the Nadapted viel-
beins, e

.
= e

i
(x, y) e
i
and e
i
.
= e
i
i
(x, y) e
i
, when g
ij
e

i
e

j
=

and
g
ij
e
i
i
e
j
j
= g
ij
. This allows us to dene the algebra of Diracs gamma
hmatrices with selfadjoint matrices M
k
(C), where k = 2
n/2
is the dimen-
sion of the irreducible representation of Cl(hV) derived from the relation
24

= 2
h
I. The action of dx
i
Cl(hV) on a spinor
h

h
S
can be parametrized by formulas
h
c(dx

)
.
=

and
h
c(dx
i
)
h

.
=
i h

e
i

h
. The algebra of Diracs gamma vmatrices is dened by self
adjoint matrices M

k
(C), where k

= 2
m/2
is the dimension of the irreducible
representation of Cl(F), for a typical ber F), when
a

b
+

a
= 2
a

b v
I.
The action of dy
a
Cl(F) on a spinor
v

v
S is
v
c(dy
a
)
.
=
a
and
v
c(dy
a
)
v

.
=
a v
e
a
a

a v
.
In general, a matrix calculus with gamma dmatrices can be elaborated
for a total dmetric structure g =
h
g
v
h. We consider dspinors

.
=
(
h
,
v
) S
.
= (
h
S,
v
S) and dgamma matrix relations

= 2

I. The action of du

Cl(V) on a dspinor

S resulting
in distinguished irreducible representations c(du

)
.
=

and
c = (du

.
=

.
We obtain dmetric dgamma matrix relations

(u)

(u) +

(u)

(u) = 2g

(u) I,
which can rewritten for boldface coecients of metric. In irreducible
form
.
=
h

v
and

.
=
h

v
, or,

.
= (
h

i
,
v

a
) and

.
= (
h
,
v
).
The spin connection
S
for (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds is stan-
dardly determined by the LeviCivita connection,
S

.
= d
1
4

i
jk

j
dx
k
.
Similar constructions are possible for nonholonomic manifolds enabled with
metric compatible dconnections (for instance, in FinslerCartan geometry).
The spin dconnection operators
S
can be similarly constructed from any
metric compatible dconnection

(for instance, with coecients (16), or

(29)), when for a scalar function f(x, y) in the form
f = (e

f) u

= (e
i
f) dx
i
+ (e
a
f) y
a
,
for u

= e

(9).
Denition 3.4 The canonical (FinslerCartan) spin dconnection is de-
ned by D = {

} (

D = {

}) following formula
S
D
.
=
1
4

(
S

D
.
=
1
4

).
For the purposes of this work, we shall consider abstract index formula-
tions of dspinor calculus for nonholonomic manifolds/bundles with splitting
2 + 2, or 4 + 4.
25
3.1.2 Abstract dtensor and dspinor indices
Indices of dtensors are considered as a set of labels which can changed
into respective sets of dspinor indices, primed and unprimed (with dots
and without dots) following, for instance, such rules:

=

A

A

B

B

M

M

,
where dot spinor capital indices correspond small Greek tensor indices. For
h- and/or vdecompositions, when

= (
i
,
a
), we shall write

A

A

=
(
II

,
AA

), where
II

is for a horizontal spinorvector and

AA

is for ver-
tical spinorvector. In similar forms, we can consider h- and v- and spinor
decompositions for forms and tensors with mixed indices. So, we shall fol-
low the formalism from [1] but redened in a form to be able to encode
spinorially dtensors with possible Nadapted splitting. Primed spinor in-
dices are complex conjugated with corresponding unprimed, for instance,

A

A

A

A
,
II

=
I

I
etc both for up and low indices.
We can consider antisymmetric spinors on total spaces and h- and
v-subspaces with the properties,

A

B

: =

A

B

=

A

B
,

A

B

:=

A

B

=

A

B
;

: =
I

=
IJ
,
I

J
:=
I

J
=
IJ
for hspinor indices;

: =
A

=
AB
,
A

B
:=
A

B
=
AB
for vspinor indices.
This is related to the rules of transforming low indices into up ones, and
inversely, using metrics and/or dmetrics, for instance, g

= [g
ij
, g
ab
] and
g

= [g
ij
, g
ab
]. In brief, the spinor decompostions of metrics are written in
the form,
g

=

A

B

A

B

, g

=

A

B

A

B

; (41)
g
ij
=
IJ

J
, g
ij
=
IJ

, for hmetrics;
g
ab
=
AB

B
, g
ab
=
AB

, for hmetrics.
In our works [25, 26, 27, 31, 17], we used also Nadapted gamma matri-
ces generating corresponding Cliord algebras for spinors (some authors
call them symbols or transition indices from Minkowski tetrads to spin
systems of reference, on corresponding tangent bundles). In brief, such
a formalism is related to orthonormalized (co) bases, e

= (e
i
, e
a
) and
e

= (e
j

, e
b

), where dtensor primed indices are used for denition of 44

matrices

= (

A

A

) satisfying the relations

= 2

, (42)
26
where the Minkowski metric

is, for instance, of signature (+++) for

a formal 2 + 2 splitting
8
. Using transforms of type e

= e

and their
inverse, we can write

= 2g

and

= 2g

where dmetric (13) and, respectively, (14) and (15), including Ncoecients,
are considered for e

= e

and e

= e

du

with decompositions of type

(10) and (11). With matrices, for instance the rst relation in (41) is
written
g

=

A

A

B

B

A

B

A

B

(43)
for

A

A

:= e

A

A

(we omit similar decompositions for h- and vindices).

For simplicity, in this work we shall follow abstract algebraic decomposi-
tions not writting gamma matrices even formulas of type (43) are necessary
for constructing in explicit form exact generic odiagonal solutions with
nontrivial Ncoecients of EinsteinDirac systems [51].
3.2 Nadpted spinors and nonholonomic (Finsler) gravity
3.2.1 Nadapted covariant derivatives and spin coecients
In brief, we shall write the dspinor equivalents as
D

= D

A

A

= D

A

A
, D
i
= D
II
= D
I

I
, D
a
= D
AA
= D
A

A
etc. Fixing spin diads

A

A
= (
0

A
,
1

A
),
I
I
= (
0
I
,
1
I
),
A
A
= (
0
A
,
1
A
), and
theirs respective duals,

A

A
,
I
I
,
A
A
,
9
we can introduce Nadapted dspin
coecients,

A

A

C
:=

B

A
D

A

A


A

C
=

A

C
D

A

A


B

A
,

J
II

K
:=
J
I
D
II

I
K
=
I
I
D
II

J
I
,
B
AA

C
:=
B
A
D
AA

A
C
=
A
A
D
AA

B
A
,
which are equivalent to the spin dconnection from Denition 3.4. This way,
we can introduce a canonical and/or Cartan type nulltetradic type calculus
etc. For simplicity, we shall omit in the future spinor h- and vindex formulas
if that will not result in ambiguities or lost of some important properties.
8
on tangent bundles to Lorentz manifolds of dimension 8=4+4, we can use one such a
gamma relation for the hsubspace and another one for the vsubspace
9
in our approach the underlined indices are equivalent to boldface indices in [1]
27
3.2.2 Spinor dcurvature and Bianchi identities
Following a Nadapted dspinor calculus with abstract indices for non-
honomic splitting 2+2 (for simplicity, we shall consider dot spinor indices;
only some examples for FinslerCartan congurations will be considered),
we prove:
Theorem 3.2 In dspinor variables,
the canonical dcommutator (33) (dtorsion (17)) is

=

A

B

A

B

+

A

B

A

B
,

ij
=
IJ

J
+
I

J

IJ
, ,
ia
=
IA

A
+
I

A

IA
, ...
where

A

B
:= D

A

(

A
D

A

B)
and

A

B

:= D

A(

A

D

A

)
etc;
the spinor dcommutators acting on a dspinor

C
result in

A

B

C
= [

C

T

A

B
+ (

A

C

B

T
+

A

T

B

C
)]

T
,

A

B

C
=

C

T

A

B

T
;
the Riemann dtensor (18) is
R

=

T

C

A

B

A

B

T

C

+

T

C

A

B

A

B

T

C
+

T

C

A

B

A

B

T

C
+

T

C

A

B


A

B

T

C
+ 2(

A

C

B

T

A

C


B

T


A

T

B

C

A

T


B

C
),
for = =
1
24
s
R;
the Weyl conformal dtensor (36) splits into antiselfdual,

C

:=

A

B

C

T

A

B

C

T

,
and selfdual parts,
+
C

:=

A

B

C

T

A

B

C

T
,
when C

=

C

+
+
C

.
Similar Nadapted 2 + 2 decompositions can be computed for

D
i
=

D
II
=

D
I

I
,

D
a
=

D
AA
=

D
A

A
. For instance, the components of the
28
FinslerCartan curvature (31) can be written

R
ijkh
=

IJKH

J

K

H
+

H

IJ

KH
+

IJK

H

I

J

KH
+ (44)

KH

IJ

H
+ 2(
IK

JH

K

J

H

IH

JK

IH

JK
),

P
ijka
=

IJKA

J

K

A
+

A

IJ

KA
+

IJK

A

I

J

KA
+

KA

IJ

A
+ 2(
IK

JA

K

J

A

IA

JK

IA

JK
),
...
We note that we can apply the formalism from [1] for any h- and vvalues
(with not dot indices) and, in general form for small Greek dtensor in-
dices, with dot indices), if we work in Nadapted frames and keep in mind
that Finsler like dconnections D

, or

D

, are with torsions completely de-

termined by data (g, N). Following such rules, we obtain proofs for
Theorem 3.3 The Bianchi identities (40) transform into
D

A

A

B

C

T
= D

A

(

B

C

T)

A

B

, D

C

A

C

T

A

B

= 3D

T

B

;
the Einstein dequations (6), (21) and/or (34) transform the rst iden-
tity into D

A

A

B

C

T
= 8GD

A

(

B
T

C

T)

A

B

, see also (35);

the vacuum eld equations for locally anisotropic models with nontrivia
cosmological constant = 6 are

C

T

A

B

= 0, D

A

B

A

B

C

T
= 0;
in CartanFinsler gravity models with 2+2 splitting, similar formulas
hold for D

D;
all equations from this theorem transform into similar ones for the
LeviCivita connection if and only if

= 0, or

= 0, see
(33), which is equivalent to (7).
3.2.3 Nadapted conformal transforms
Let us introduce the value

:=
1
D

= D

ln , (45)
29
where the nonzero positive function (u) is taken for conformal tranforms
g

:=
2
g

(39) from Proposition 2.3. Using the rst formula in (41), we

conclude that in Nadapted form

A

B


A

B
=

A

B
and

A

B

A

B

=

A

B

.
A corresponding abstract dspinor calculus for last formula in Theorem 3.2
results in proof of
Proposition 3.1 In Nadapted form,

A

B

C

T
=

A

B

C

T
.
Applying statements of Theorem 3.3, we obtain formulas

D

A

A

A

B

C

T
=

A

A

A

B

C

T
and D

A

B

C

T
= D

B

(

B
P

A)

C

A

B

,
and

D

B

(

B

C

T)

A

B

=

A

A

B

C

T
.
Remark 3.1 Vacuum solutions of Einstein equations in general relativity
and models of FinslerCartan gravity with D, or

D, are not conformally
invariant. This follows from the fact that even

C

T

A

B

= 0 the above for-

mula with

D

B

(

B

C

T)

A

B

does not result in zero

C

T

A

B

. Nevertheless, it
should be emphasized here that such results are for a xed Nconnection
structure N, or

N. We can transform some data (g, N) with (non) zero

C

T

A

B

into certain (

g,

N) with, for instance,

C

T

A

B

= 0, and/or

D

B

(

B

C

T)

A

B

A

B

C

T
= 0, for instance, following the anholo-
nomic deformation method [6, 7, 5, 17, 23].
Via Nadapted dspinor calculus, we can prove
Theorem 3.4 Under Nadapted conformal transforms, the values deter-
mining the vacuum Einstein equations for D transform following rules

C

T

A

B

=

C

T

A

B

= D

C(

B

)

T
+

C(

B

)

T
= D

C(

B

D

A

)

T

1
=
1

D

C(

B

D

A

)

T
,
4
2

= 4 + (D

) = 4 +
1
,
for := D

.
30
Using the operators D

C

B

and/or

D

C

B

, we can construct other confor-

mally Nadapted invariant values, for instance, a Finsler like Bach dtensor
(it can be constructed similarly to formulas (6.8.42)-(6.8.45) in [1] but for
dconnections).
Finally, we note that we can formulate spinor Nadapted dierential
geometries and derive following geometric/Nadapted variational princi-
ples certain gravitational and matter eld equations for V, dimV = n +
m; n, m 2, generalizing for higher dimensions the tensor and spinor ab-
stract index formalism.
4 Nonholonomic (Finsler) twistors
The twistor theory was elaborated with a very general goal to translate
the standard physics in the language of complex manifolds mathematics
when spacetime points and fundamental properties and eld interactions
are derived from certain fundamental principles being generalized former
constructions for spinor algebra and geometry. The approach is character-
ized by certain important results in generating exact solutions of funda-
mental matter eld equations, twistor methods of quantization, formulating
conservation laws in gravity and encoding, for instance, of (anti) selfdual
YangMills and gravitational interactions, see details in Refs. [1, 2, 3, 4].
In some sence, our research interests are twofold: 1) The rst aim to un-
derstand to what extend the Twistor Program can be generalized for modi-
ed Finsler type spacetime geometries. 2) Nonholonomic (Finsler) methods
happen to be very eective in elaborating new geometric methods of con-
structing exact solutions and quantization of gravity theories. The second
aim is to clarify how such approaches can be related to spinor and twistor
geometry? Our constructions should provide not only pure academic gen-
eralizations of twistor geometry for more sophysticate spacetime models
with local anisotropies. Finsler like variables can be introduced even in gen-
eral relativity (similarly to various former tetradic, spinor etc approaches)
which give us new possibilities for developing the twistor theory for curved
spaces and generic odiagonal gravitational and matter eld interactions.
The aim of this section is to dene twistors for nonholonomic (Finsler)
spaces and show how such constructions can be globalized on curved spaces
via nonholonomic deformations of fundamental geometric structures.
31
4.1 Twistor equations for nonholonomic 2+2 splitting
Originally, twistors were introduced for complexied projective models
of at Minkowski spacetimes using the twospinor formalism. For non-
holonomic manifolds enabled with Nconnection structure, we can consider
analogs of at spaces determined by data (g, N, D) for which the Nadapted
Riemannian curvature and the conformal Weyl dtensors are zero (see Theo-
rem 3.2). In general, such geometries are curved ones because the curvature
of is not zero. The spinor constructions are similar to those for (pseudo)
Euclidean spaces if there are used Nadapted frames (8) and (9).
4.1.1 Nonholonomic (Finsler) twistors
Let us consider analogs of at twistors on spaces enabled with Nconnection
structure.
Denition 4.1 The nonholonomic twistor equations are
D
(

A

B)
= 0. (46)
Let us formulate the conditions when such equations are conformally
invariant in Nadapted form. Choosing

B
=

B
, we can compute

D

A

A

B
=

D

A

A

B
+

B

C

A

and

D
(

A

B)
=
1
D
(

A

B)
(47)
where

C

A

is given by the conformal dvector (45).

10
Lemma 4.1 The nonholonomic twistor equations (46) are compatible if
and only if

T

A

B

C

T
= 0. (48)
Proof. It follows from D

A

(

C
D

A

B)
=
(

C

A

B)
=

A

B

C

T


T
.

Using this lemma and via straightforward verications in Nadapted

frames, we can prove
Theorem 4.1 If the compatibility conditions (48) are satised, we can solve
the nonholonomic twistor equations (46) in general form,

B
=

B
iu

B

B

B
and

B
=

B
, (49)
D

B

B

C
= i

C

B
,
10
For simplicity, we shall consider that the spinor

B
does not posses an electromagnetic
charge.
32
where the point u

B

B
V,i
2
= 1, and

B
and

B
are constant values with
respect to Nadapted frames (8) and (9) for which

A

B

C

T
= 0.
We can generalize the concept of twistors for at spaces to nonholonomic
manifolds which are conformally at in Nadapted form:
Denition 4.2 An nonholonomic (equivalently, anholonomic) twisor space
T

is a four dimensional complex vector space (with real eight dimensions)
determined by elements of type Z

= (

A
,

A

) with the two spinor compo-

nents Z

A
=

A
and Z

A

=

A

dened by solutions of type (49).

Doted indices are used in order to emphasize that we work in Nadapted
form. This allows us to preserve with respect to Nadapted frames certain
similarity to formulas from [1]. If D , for conformally at spaces, we
obtain Z

Z

, i.e. standard Penroses twistors. Such constructions

and relations depends on a point
0
u xing a coordinate system.
Remark 4.1 In a similar form, we can introduce the space of nonholonomic
dual twisotrs T

with elements W

= (W

A
=

A
, W

A

=

A

), where

A
=

A
and

A

=

A

+iu

A

A

A
, (50)
D

A

A

B
= i

B

A
,
are solutions of the dual nonholonomic twistor equations D
(

A

A


B)
= 0.
The complex conjugation of nonholonomic (dual) twistors follows the
rules
Z

= Z

:= (

A
,

A

) and W

= W

:= (

A
,

A

).
We can conser higher valence twistors, for instance, X

where Nadapted
twistor indices transform respectively following rules (49) and (50) taken -
or + before complex unity i.
4.1.2 Geometric/physical meaning of anholonomic twistors
A nonholonomic frame structure prescribes a corresponding spiral con-
guration for twistors and their conformal transforms.
33
Denition 4.3 -Corollary: The class of curved spaces generated by an-
holonomy relations (12) subjected to the compatibility conditions (48) is
characterized by anholonomic spirality
s :=
1
2
Z

Z

, (51)
which is invariant under Nadapted conformal transforms.
Proof. It follows from verication that Z

Z

=

Z

Z

(using formulas
(47) and (49)).

In both holonomic and nonholonomic cases, the symplest geometric in-

terpretation is possible for the socalled isotropic twistors when Z

Z

= 0.
Fixing a value

B
= 0, we get from (49) that
u

B

B
=

B

/i

+

B

B
, R,
describes a light ray propagating in N-adapted form in an eective locally
anisotropic media and/or a curved spacetime with geometric objects induced
by nontrivial anholonomy coecients . If

B
= 0, such a light ray is moved
to innity.
We can also characterize masless particles with momentum, rotation and
spirality propagating in eective curved spaces derived for certain anholon-
omy relations of moving frames. Taking Z

= (

A
,

A

) with

A

= 0, we
construct
p

A

A

:=

A

, M

A

A

B

B

:= i
(

A

B)

A

B
i
(

A

A

B
and spin dvector S

=
1
2
e

= sp

, where e

is the absolute
antisymmetric dtensor and s is computed as in (51). In local Nadapted
form, such a physical interpretation of nonolonomic twistors is possible with
respect to bases of type (8) and (9) for which

A

B

C

T
= 0. This describes
a massless particle moving in a subclass of curved spaces with nontrivial
curvature for when certain anholonomic constraints are imposed.
4.2 Finsler twistors on tangent bundles
Originally, the FinslerCartan geometry was constructed on tangent
bundles with D =

D and 4 + 4 splitting as we explained in section 2.2.3.
The corresponding Weyl dtensor

C

is computed using formulas (36)

but for curvature coecients (31) and curvature spinors (44).
34
Denition 4.4 The twistor equations for FinslerCartan geometries are
D
(I
I

J)
= 0, D
(A
A

B)
= 0. (52)
Choosing
J
=
J
,
B
=
B
, we can compute

D
II

J
=

D
II

J
+
J
I

KJ
and

D
(I
I

J)
=
1
D
(I
I

J)
,

D
AA

B
=

D
AA

B
+
B
A

CA
and

D
(A
A

B)
=
1
D
(A
A

B)
,
where

II
:=

D
II
ln

C

A

AA
:=

D
AA
ln are constructed similarly
to the conformal dvector (45).
If D =

D, we can obtain from the Theorem 3.2 the
Corollary 4.1 The antisedual Weyl dspinors corresponding to the Car-
tan dcurvature

R

= {

R
i
hjk
,

P
i
jka
,

S
a
bcd
} (31) are characterized by h
and vcomponents {

LIJK
,

DIJK
,

DABC
}.
This results in a set of three conditions of compatibility:
Lemma 4.2 The FinslerCartan twistor equations (46) are compatible if
and only if

LIJK

L
= 0,

DIJK

D
= 0,

DABC

D
= 0. (53)
All results on FinslerCartan twistors can be proved using formal Sasaki
lifts g g (28) and N

N (27) with spinor coecients (41) for the con-
structions with nonholnomic twistors and canonical dconnections.
Theorem 4.2 If the compatibility conditions (53) are satised, we can solve
the nonholonomic twistor equations (52) in general form for hcomponents,

J
=
J
iu
JJ

J
and
J
=
J
, (54)
D
JJ

K
= i
K
J

J
,
and for vcompnoents

B
=
B
iu
BB

B
and
B
=
B
, (55)
D
BB

C
= i
C
B

B
,
where the point u

= (u
II
, u
AA
) TM and constant values are considered
with respect to Nadapted frames (8) and (9) when the conditions (53) are
satised.
35
We can generalize the concept of twistors for at spaces to nonholonomic
manifolds which are conformally at in Nadapted form:
Denition 4.5 A horizontal twisor space hT

is a four dimensional
complex vector space (with real eight dimensions) determined by ele-
ments of type hZ

i
= (
I
,
I
),

i = 1, 2, 3, 4 with the two spinor com-
ponents hZ
I
=
I
and Z
I
=
I
dened by solutions of type (54).
A vertical twisor space vT

is a four dimensional complex vector space
(with real eight dimensions) determined by elements of type hZ
a
=
(
A
,
A
), a = 5, 6, 7, 8 with the two spinor components vZ
A
=
A
and
Z
A
=
A
dened by solutions of type (55).
We conclude that nonholonomic twistor constructions for the Finsler
Cartan spaces dub as h- and vcomponents the values introduced via canon-
ical dconnections on V. Redening the abstract index formalism for d
tensors and dspinors, all formulas can be proved by similarity in Nadapted
frames.
4.3 Nonholonomic local and global twistors
On Nadapted conformally at nonholonomic manifolds, the solutions
(49) of generalized twistor equations (46) dene certain global anholonomic
twistor structures. If the conditions (53) are not satised, we can only
dene a nonholonomic twistor bundle on a V when the geometric object
depend on base manifold points. This does not dene an alternative de-
scription of nonholonomic manifolds (and FinslerCartan geometries) in
terms of certain generalized nonholonomic twistor spaces. For a prescribed
Nconnection structure N, we can construct Nadapted local twistors with
properties similar to those of holonomic twistors considered in Chapeter 6,
paragraph 9, in [1].
Nevertheless, nonholonomic/ Finsler spaces are characterized by more
rich geometric structures which provide us new possibilities and methods
for constructing new classes of generalized twistor Finsler spaces and ap-
plications in general relativity and modications. We study two models of
Nadapted twistor spaces in local and global forms.
4.3.1 Nadapted local twistors and torsionless conditions
Let us consider a point u V for nonholonomic data (g, N, D).
36
Denition 4.6 A local Nadapted twistor
u
Z

(in brief, local dtwistor)
in a point u is given by a couple of Nadapted twospinors (
u

A
,
u

) in
this point, which in a chosen anholonomic frame (8) and (9) satised the
rules: if g

:=
2
g

then
u
Z

= (
u

A
,

A

)
u

Z

= (
u


A
=
u

A
,
u


A

=
u

+i

A

A
u

A
).
The local dvectors
u
Z

and
u

Z

depend functionally, respectively, on
(g, N, D,). The set Z

=
uV
(
u
Z

) of all local twistors
u
Z

taken in all
points u of V denes a vector bundle, when the ber in u is a complex four
dimensional vector space (i. e. the spaces of local Nadapted twistors in
u). Such a vector bundle is nonholonomic being endowed with Nconnection
structure. For simplicity, we shall omit the left low lable u and write a
local twistor as Z

if that will not result in ambiguities.
In Nadapted (and/or general local) form, the connection can be
constructed to possess zero coecients in a point and/or along a curve
though such a point (the socalled normal coordinates). This allows us
to dene transports of usual local twistors along curves with tangent vec-
tor elds t

A

A

TV. We can generalize such formulas for dconnections D

and dvectors t

A

A

and consider a local dtwistor Z

which is constant in
Nadapted direction t

, when
t

A

A

D

A

A

B
+it

B

A

= 0, (56)
t

A

A

D

A

A

+it

A

A

P

A

A

B

B

B
= 0,
where P

A

A

B

B

is related to the Ricci dtensor and scalar curvature of D as

in formula (37) and a curve is dened in vecinity of a point
0
u in the form
u

A

A

() =
0
u

A

A

+ t

A

A

, for a real parameter . The dtwistor transport

equations (56) have contant twistor solutions in
0
u and along u() which
in any point satisfy the conditions
D
(

A

B)
= 0 and

A

=
1
2
iD

A

A

A
. (57)
Corollary 4.2 The solutions for local dtwistors (57) can be globalized on
V if and only if the conditions (48) are satised, for instance, if the Weyl
dspinor vanishes.
Denition 4.7 The Nadapted covariant derivative operator (dconnection)
along t

in the space of local dtwistors is by denition

t
D :=t

A

A

D

A

A

(58)
37
The local dtwistor dconnection (58) allows us to compute the variation
of Z

along u(), following formulas (56) with nonzero right sides,
t
DZ

=
_
t

A

A

D

A

A

B
+it

B

A

, t

A

A

D

A

A

+it

A

A

P

A

A

B

B

B
_
.
Here we note that in similar form we can dene dual local dtwisotrs of type
W

= (

A
,

A

) with Nadapted conformally invariant scalar product

W

Z

:=

A

A
+

A

and property that

t
D(W

Z

) = (
t
DW

)Z

+W

(
t
DZ

).
Denition 4.8 -Lemma: The curvature dtensor of local dtwistor dcon-
nection is i
_
t
D
v
D
v
D
t
D
[t,v]
D
_
Z

= Z

K

(t, v) = t

,
for two dvectors t

= t

M

M

, v

= v

N

N

TV and computed with N

adapted coecients,
K

=
_
_
i

M

N

A

M

N


M

N
D

A

A

M

N
+

M

N

D

B

A

M

N
0 i

M

N

A

M

N

_
_
.
Above constructions are determined by data (g, N, D =+Q), see (5).
In general, they can be redened for data (g,) using nonolonomic defor-
mations.
Theorem 4.3 We can globalize in nonholonomic form the local twistor con-
structions for if there is a Nconnection structure N and associtated D
for which K

= 0 and

= 0.
Proof. It is a consequence of conditions of Theorem 3.2 when

= 0
are equivalent to (7), i.e. the nonholonomically induced torsion (by (g, N))
became zero. This is compatible with Conclusion 2.2 when the conformal
Weyl dtensor/dspionor for D can be zero but similar values for are not
trivial. Such linear connections are dierent even in some Nadapted frames
they can be characterized by the same set of coecients (transformation laws
under frame/coordinate changing are dierent).

We conclude that via nonholonomic transforms we can generate some

compatible global nonholonomic twistor equations even the standard twisotr
equations are not compatible for general curved spacetimes.
38
4.3.2 Global extensions of Nadapted twistor structures
Our idea is to play with such nonholonomic distributions N which allows
us to dene spinors and twistors in very general forms.
Claim 4.1 For any (pseudo) Riemannian metric structure g on a manifold
V (or a fundamental Finsler function on tangent bundle TM), we can pre-
scribe a Nconnection which allows us to globalize Nadapted local twistor
structures.
Proof. Let us x a dmetric (13) with coecients g

:=
2
(u)

with

being diagonal constants of any necessary signature (1, , ..., ),

with respect to some e

= (e
j

= dx
j

, e
b

= dy
b

+ N
b

dx
i

). For such a d
metric and Nadapted cobases, we can verify that C

= 0 as a conse-
quence of Proposition 2.3. We can redene data ( (13), g

) in a coordinate
form (14) with coecients (15) (with primed indices, g

). Then consid-
ering arbitrary frame transforms e

we can compute g

= e

.
Finally, we can redene for a nonholonomic 2+2, or 4+4, splitting certain
data (g

, N
a
i
) , for which, in general, C

= 0, and the corresponding

to , C

= 0. Such construction with nonholonomic deformations are

possible because vierbeins (11) may depend on some Ncoecients of a
generic odiagonal form of primary metric. The transformation laws of
dobjects on nonholonomic manifolds with Nconnection are dierent from
those on usual manifolds without Nconnection splitting (1).

Nonholonomic twistor spaces can be associated to any metric structure

if a necessary type h- vsplitting is dened by corresponding Nconnections.
One of the important tasks is to formulate such conditions when certain non-
holonomic deformations can be used for encoding exact solutions of Einstein
equations in nonholonomic twistor structures and, inversely, to formulate
nonholonomic twistor transforms generating exact solutions in general rela-
tivity and modications. We shall provide such constructions in our further
works.
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