Antipsychotic Drugs Commonly Used in Dementia Persons

Typical or First Generation Antipsychotics Name(s) Chlorpromazine Largactil Flupenthixol Fluanxol (depot) Action Psychosis Unknown. May block dopamine receptors in brain and inhibit medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone Schizophernia and related psychoses & short-term adjunctive treatment of serve anxiety A type of thioxanthene drug and acts by antagonism of D1 & D2 dopamine and serotonin receptors, helping to control psychoses. Psychotic Disorders A butyrophenone that probably blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors within the brain. Acute and chronic psychoses Blocks dopaminergic transmission in various parts of the brain (in particular limbic system). Anxiety States A piperzine phenthiazine that probably blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors within the brain. Schizophrenia Binds to dopaminergic receptors within limbic system of CNS. Psychotic Disorders Unknown. Binds to dopamine and serotonin receptors. To manage signs and symptoms of psychotic disorders A dibenzothiazepine derivative that may block dopamine receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the brain Psychosis Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors, also blocks alpha1 &2 and H1 receptors in CNS Adverse Reactions Extrapyramidal reactions Sedation, Seizure, Orthostatic Hypotension, Dry mouth, Constipation Drowsiness, Headache, Agitation, Tachycardia, Diarrhoea Weight Gain

But is a person with dementia really psychotic?

Haloperidol Serenace, Haldol Decanoate Pericyazine, Neulactil Trifluoperazine, Stelazine

Serve extrapyramidal reactions, Dyskinesia, Seizure, Blurred Vision, Urine retention, Rash/skin reactions Dystopia, Akathisia, Parkinsonism, Sedation, Anxiety Agitation, Increase in cardiovascular incident, Weight gain Extrapyramidal reactions Sedation, Dizziness, Drowsiness Insomnia, Fatigue, Urine Retention, Weight gain Drowsiness, Sedation, Seizure, Vertigo, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Visual disturbance Agitation, Insomnia, Hostility, Parkinsonism, Tachycardia Hyperglycaemia, Constipation, Use cautiously in patients with heart disease Dizziness, Seizures, Orthostatic hypotension, Tachycardia Weight gain, Hyperglycaemia Extrapyramidal symptoms, Insomnia, Agitation, Anxiety Tachycardia, Chest pain, Constipation, Nausea and vomiting, URTI

Atypical or Second Generation Antipsychotics

Clozapine, CloSyn, Clopine Olanzapine, Zyprexa, Zyprexa IM Quetiapine, Seroquel Risperidone, Risperdal,

Australian Medicines Handbook, Pericyazine, viewed 4/9/11 <http://www.mdconsult.com.ezproxy.flinders.edu.au/das/drug/body/amh/278167360-3?type=drug&eid=1802_pericyazine#crumb> McKenna, L & Mirkov, S 2007, Australian New Zealand Nursing &Midwifery Drug Handbook, 5th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Broadway NSW Muir-Cochrane, E, Barkway, P & Nizette, D 2010, Mosbys Pocketbook of Mental Health, Elsevier, NSW Weiner, M & Lipton, A 2006, Text book of Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington

Australian Medicines Handbook, Pericyazine, viewed 4/9/11 <http://www.mdconsult.com.ezproxy.flinders.edu.au/das/drug/body/amh/278167360-3?type=drug&eid=1802_pericyazine#crumb> McKenna, L & Mirkov, S 2007, Australian New Zealand Nursing &Midwifery Drug Handbook, 5th Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Broadway NSW Muir-Cochrane, E, Barkway, P & Nizette, D 2010, Mosbys Pocketbook of Mental Health, Elsevier, NSW Weiner, M & Lipton, A 2006, Text book of Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington