Supply Chain Management practices in India (A Case study of TISCO )

Dr. K.K Agarwal (Reader, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth) kkagarwal3@gmail.com Varanasi-UP, India. ManojKRakesh PhD. Scholar (Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth Varanasi) mkrakesh@rediffmail.com The term supply chain management (SCM) was coined by Houlihan in 1985. Supply chain management is the management of the flows of material and information, which are managed between facilities such as vendor, manufacturer and distributor. It performs functions of procurement of material, transformation of material into the finished goods and distribution of these finished goods to customers. Its strategy is to coordinate the various organizations objectives in order to increase the efficiency of the entire supply chain. Thomas & Griffin classified the operational coordination of the supply chain management into three categories; buyer vendor coordination, productiondistribution coordination and inventory- distribution. A supply chain management is a network of firms activities, organizations, and the technologies that performs the function of procurement of raw material from vendor firms, transformation of this material into intermediate and finished products and distribution of this finished products to the customers. |The logistics is concerns moving material, raw and finished; 1) Materials management plus physical distribution management equals logistics management. 2) Supply chain encompasses logistics activities, with manufacturing planning added. 3) Supply chain looks at material flow from raw-material acquisition, through all Value-added steps, to customer delivery

Model of the general organization of our supply chain management.

Step 1 customer service strategy : It is our premise here that the firm has already gone through the process of establishing a corporate- wide business strategy, i.e. , has well- determined lines of business, core competencies, growth objectives, and stakeholder commitments. From a supply chain strategy perspective, the execution of the business strategy will involve understanding and setting customer service requirements of each product-market segment, identifying opportunities for differentiation (Shapiro, 1984), and deciding on strategic responses to customer requirements in order to maximize revenue with the most efficient use of capital resources. Students appreciate that with a well-defined supply chain strategy, it is possible to substantially improve the seemingly Conflicting goals of shareholder wealth and customer service. Step 2 Network configuration : This step primarily involves the determination of the Supply chain network, i.e., the choosing the channels of supply and distribution (Fisher, 1997) and defining the best supply chain network options and associated costs of offering varying levels of service. This includes choosing the optimal number, location, role, associated linkages, and aggregate plans of each channel partner. Once the supply chain network is defined and put into place, it very much determines the levels of service it can provide to customers. When we teach network configuration we identify the different product , information, cash, and process flows in the supply chain, and analyze how we can position resources to optimize these flows. For example, if the customer service strategy is growth-oriented with a premium on mass-customization, the product flows can be altered via several means such as postponement or process reversal to optimize for this strategy. Step 3 Demand and Supply Planning : This stage of planning determines the exact flow and timing of materials such as raw material release to manufacturing facilities, or finished goods to the distribution centers or customer markets. The network configuration phase has already determined the locations, origins, and destinations of these material flows. The material flow and timing decisions are typically arrived at by using time-phased , or requirements planning, techniques, working from the forecasted demand back through the supply chain to the raw material sources. Additionally, examples abound (and we use them as a back-drop when teaching) of firms using specialized demand and supply planning procedures, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR), Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), Quick Response (QR) On the out-bound side; and Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Continuous Replenishment (CRP), and JIT II on the inbound side. Step 4 Transaction Processing and Short Term Scheduling : Customer orders arrive at random and they are assigned to a predetermined (by supply chain configuration methods) location and carrier. The flow of this order (timing and quantity) through the supply chain is already determined by the demand and supply planning process. Transaction processing is therefore more like a day-to-day accounting system, tracking and scheduling every order to meet customer demand.

Sample transactions include order entry at the retail markets; physical replenishment and order fulfillment of the goods at the distribution centers; material releases and purchase orders at the manufacturing facility. Transforming a business to address the needs of todays marketplace requires effectively managing the flow of information across key operational interfaces like supplier-procurement, raw material-production, operations-maintenance, productdistribution, retail-customer in other words, the extended supply chain of the organization. TCS dedicated solutions, services and software products for manufacturing and process industries help companies optimize their production process and integrate operational requirements with enterprise-level decision-making processes. This provides the enterprise a seamless coverage of key business and production functions and enables a coherent flow of information at all critical interfaces. TCS designs and deploys solutions in a modular and scalable fashion so that the client has IT infrastructure setup and management. CemPac TM: Productivity solutions for the cement industry CemPac is a suite of productivity solutions for cement manufacturing processes. CemPac mill and kiln optimization solutions have been implemented at several cement plants in India and have delivered significant operational benefits ranging from 8-10% improvement in throughput, 5-8% reduction in specific energy consumption and upto 15% reduction in product quality variance. The CemPac solution methodology is applicable to almost any continuous processing operation. FACTORe : Asset management for eManufacturing FACTORe is a leading edge software solution specifically designed to streamline the maintenance management function in any manufacturing or process environment. FACTORe provides an integrated environment for condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, maintenance scheduling, inventory management and breakdown prediction. GE Transportation Systems (GETS): Engineering Design and Development Center(EDDC), Bangalore TCS is GETS partner in the EDDC, a state-of-the-art offshore design and development center that delivers engineering solutions that align with GETS product development and service initiatives as well as GES commitment to globally source the best available solutions to address the needs of their customers. The Associated Cement companies(ACC): CemPacTM TCS and ACC, one of Indias largest cement manufacturers developed a Computer

Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) solution to provide operational improvements through automation at ACCs cement plants in India. The quantified operational benefits from this implementation led to the development of CemPac, a complete process productivity suite for the cement industry.

Review of literature: The integration aspect of Supply Chain Management : A frame work and simulation, Ram Ganeshan Asst. Professor of Operation Management, Univ of Cincinnati; USA. Delivering the goods : The art of managing your Supply Chain.Schechter, Doman and sander Gordon F NJJ, WILEY & Sons. Bernard J Angerhofers & Maries C Angeles, Dept. of Information System & computing, BRUNEL Univ. UK. According to him participative Business Modelling comprises of four project phase. 1) 2) 3) 4) The project definition phase using cognitive mapping. Model conceptualization phase. The modeling formalization phase. The knowledge dissemination phase.

The first work in system dynamics in relation to supply chain management goes back to Forrester (1958). So Forrester can be regarded as the father of system dynamics and originator of many of the technique of modern SCM. Information about Tata Steel The Tata group is Indias best- known conglomerate in the private sector with a turnover of around US $ 10.4 billion (equivalent to 2.4 % of Indias GDP). Long known for its adherence to business ethics, it is Indias most respected private business group. With 219,000 employees across 94 companies, it is also Indias largest employer in the private sector. Founded by Jamsedji Tata in the 1860s, the groups early were inspired by the spirit of nationalism. The group pioneered several firsts in Indian industry: Indias first private sector steel mill, first private sector power utility, first luxury hotel chain and first international airline, amongst others. Tata Iron and Steel Company was floated on 26th August 1907. Faced with global competition, Tata steel has bent backwards to turn itself into one of the worlds lowest-cost steel makers. B.Muthuraman, who has recently taken over from J.J Irani as managing director of the Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. (or Tata Steel).

As a steel maker, Tata Steel is not one of the worlds biggest. Despite having doubled production to almost 3.5 million tones over the past 20 years, it accounts for only a moderate slice of the Indian market of 25 million tones (and a tiny silver of the world market of 830 million tones). But it can justifiably claim to be one of the worlds best. At an average manufacturing cost of about $155 per tonne (ex-gate), it has nearly matched the efficiencies of Shanghai-based Bao Steel. And it scores higher on several qualitative measures. Tata Steel has taken another bold step in creating customer account managers who are empowered to a surprising extent for a company that was once famous for its command-and-control structure. This way, these managers get to spend most of their time on external customer issues (instead of wrangling deals for them at the back-end). Tata Steel has started treating its own departments as customers. Russi Mody, who went to extraordinary lengths to win staff dedication. According to a world Steel Dynamics report, soft issues such as labor harmony and commitment are differentiators that do work in the companys favor. SAP India, the leading provider of business software solutions and Tata Steel, Indias first and largest steel plant in the private sector, today announced a landmark partnership wherein the steel major will offer business software solutions for the metal industry in the country. This is the first time that Tata Steel has diversified into offering business software solutions. Under the partnership, Tata Steel will offer small and medium sized businesses (SMB) in the metal industry a pre-configured industry specific solution built on the my SAP All-in-one platform. Partnership between SAP and Tata Steel offers other organization the unique combination of the leading ERP and the proven domain expertise of Tata Steel to meet their IT requirements. Importance of the study The successful implementation of an on-line procurement system can reduce the administrative costs for a company while providing proof of concept for a wider implementation of E-business. An Internet based procurement system contains all of the essential elements of a full supply chain application, but on a more manageable scale. Successful supply chain management results in cost savings for the companies, their suppliers and consumers. Companies no longer competesupply chain do. Its supply chain that create competitive differentiation by how fast, how cheaply, and how well they deliver on customers demands for products or services. The key to gaining competitive advantage through the supply chain is shared information. In fact, the proper view of a fully functional supply chain is

a network of suppliers, distributors and customers. The network view emphasizes the interrelated structure and information needs of a supply chain. How well a company implements this network will determine how successful their supply chain becomes. Objective of the study The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that through the use of supply chain management a company may better respond to its competitors and provide more value to its customers. In support of this position academic research will be analyzed and condensed, trade journals reviewed and business articles summarized. Because the majority of companies cannot compete on the basis of price alone, some sort of differentiation is necessary. The internet coupled with other computer technologies, allow companies new avenues to distinguish themselves from their competition. One of these avenues is supply chain management, supply chain management allows a company to reduce its costs, create opportunities to increase value for its customers and increase its competitive ability in the market. To see the effect of implementation of supply chain management on the productivity of the company across the period of time. 1) To analyze the profit margin of the company before and implementation of supply chain management. 2) To compare the reduction in the cost of production after implementation of supply chain management 3) To make a study of the inventory of the company before and after implementation of supply chain management. Scope of the study This study will be undertaken in a single company Tata Steel. Since Tata Steel in partnership with SAP this study will help us to analyze the difference in the working capital before and after implementation. Tata Steel has implemented sap in a phased out manner to increase coverage of business process and business unit. This study will help us to analyze the effect of implementation of computerized supply chain management on the profit margin of the company. Hypothesis :

In order to reach the objective of the study the following major hypothesis will be formulated Supply chains of this company contribute to competitive advantage and long term profit and health of the company. 1) There has been a decrease in the volume and value of inventory of the company. 2) Implementing SAP has made a reduction on the working capital of the company. 3) There has been a decrease in input to per unit of final steel produced by the company. 4) There has been a decrease in cost of production of the company. 5) There has been reduction in the administrative cost of the company. Research Methodology This research will be exploratory in nature, both primary and secondary data will be collected research methodology will be of searches of secondary information sources. The first searches for online sources were Meta searches for the general topic of supply chain management. Secondary data will be collected from 1. Annual report of the company 2. Accounts department 3. Financial statement. Primary data will be collected by the use of structured questionnaire, personal interview. Of the company before implementation of the software related to supply chain management and after implementing it. Limitation In the present work it has been assumed that implementing SAP has reduced the time and cost of production. This study is conducted in a single organization so the findings of this research can not be assumed to be applicable universally. Cooperation among all levels of the supply chain is essential to share the benefits of decreased inventory obsolescence and warehousing costs.

Chapterisation :

Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Tata Iron and Steel company An Overview. Chapter 3 Conceptual Study of Supply Chain Management. Chapter 4 Implementation of SCM in Tata Iron and Steel co Ltd. Chapter 5 Relationship between Supply chain Management and Performance in Tata Iron and Steel Company. Chapter 6 Conclusion.

Bibliography : Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl; Supply Chain Management Strategy Planning & Operation, Pearson Education, 2nd ed. 2004 Bayles; e-commerce Logistics and fulfillment, Pearson Education, Business Logistics/ Supply Chain Management Ballon, Pearson Education Christofer; Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Pearson Education, B. S. Sahai Supply Chain Management, Macmilan. Duschinsky Peter (Aug. 2000) Can you Afford Not To Buy Into Procurement? Computer Weekly Kalakota Ravi ( May 2000) Inter Enterprise Fusion The Future of Supply Chain EAI Journal. Kay Russel , (Dec 2001) Supply Chain Management Computerworld Pender, Lee (July 2000). The Five Key To Supply Chain Success CIO Magazine.