CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION 1.

1 Analysing The Human Breathing Mechanism

Date:

1. In chapter 5, form 1 Science, RESPIRATION is explained as a process where our body obtains _________________. During respiration, the food in the form of _______________ is oxidised by _______________ and produces _______________, ______________(gas) and ________________(liquid).
Chemical equation of respiration: ____________________ + _____________________ ______________________ + ______________________ +______________________

The food is obtained through the _______________ system while the oxygen is obtained through the human respiratory system. 2. The figure below shows the structure of the human respiratory system. Label the parts correctly.

g. a. b. c. e. d. h. i.
3. Identify the structures that relate to the statements given below:a b c d e f g A sheet of muscle Protects the lungs and the heart A single tube with rings of cartilage to prevent from collapsing Very small tubes inside the lungs 2 tubes that leads to the right and left lung Muscles between ribs The organ that allows air to enter the human blood

f.

3. Air travels from outside into the body. List the parts it passes through in the correct order. Nose (nostrils) ________________ ________________ ________________

_________________

a________________

4. How does your nose help to clean the air that you breathe in? ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. rib-cage move flattens thorax intercostal muscles air air pressure breathing trachea volume blood

bronchus

a. The lungs are in the _________________, and are protected by the ______________ . b. By contracting or relaxing the ________________________ between the ribs, the rib-cage is able to _________________. c. When the muscles of the diaphragm contract or relax, the sheet of muscle either ________________ or curves upwards. d. The action of these two structures would change the ________________ of the thoracic cavity resulting in a change of ___________________ in the lungs compared to the atmosphere. e. The difference in the air pressure in the lungs and the atmosphere get ___________ into and out of the lungs. This movement of air is called __________________. f. From the nostrils, air goes into the nasal cavity, ____________ and into the _______________ and then into the bronchioles. The breathing tubes end at the alveoli, which are surrounded by a network of __________________.

6. The breathing mechanism involves breathing in or ________________ whereby air enters the lungs and breathing out or ___________________ when air is forced out of the lungs. State whether the following statements are about exhalation (E) or inhalation (I). Intercostal muscles contract Ribcage moves downwards and inward Diaphragm muscles contract Diaphragm flattens Volume of thoracic cavity increases Air pressure in thoracic cavity increases Air rushes into the lungs Intercostal muscles relax Ribcage moves upwards and forward Diaphragm muscles relax Diaphragm curves upwards Volume of thoracic cavity decreases Air pressure in thoracic cavity decreases Air is forced out of the lungs

7. Choose the statements in no. 6 related to inhalation and complete the flow chart below.

Intercostal muscles Rib-cage .

Diaphragm muscles Diaphragm

Volume of thoracic cavity ..

Air pressure in lungs

Phase of breathing: #_____________________#

8. A model of the human respiratory system is prepared as shown in the figure on the left and a diagram of the human respiratory system on the right. i. Draw lines from the model to the parts represented in the human respiratory system.

Model human respiratory system ii. Record what happens when

Action Observation (on balloon) Effect on space inside bell jar Effect on air pressure inside bell jar

exhaling @ inhaling

The rubber sheet is pulled downwards

The rubber sheet is pushed upwards