TITLE: AIM OF EXPERIMENT: PROBLEM STATEMENT: HYPOTHESIS: VARIABLES:

Effect of surface area on the rate of reaction. To investigate the effect of total surface area of the reactant on the rate of reaction. How does the total exposed surface area of a solid reactant affect the rate of reaction? When the total surface area of marble chip increases, the rate of reaction increases. (a) Manipulated variables: (b) Responding variables: (c) Fixed variables: Total surface area of marble chips Rate of reaction Mass of marble chips Volume of hydrochloric acid, HCl Concentration of hydrochloric acid, HCl Temperature

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:

1) Smaller marble chips have a larger total surface area than larger marble chips of the same mass. 2) For the graph of the volume of gas released against time, the curve with higher initial gradient indicates a higher initial rate of reaction. 50 cm3 measuring cylinder 150 cm3 conical flask Stopper with delivery tube Basin Burette Electronic balance Stopwatch 80 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid 2 g of large marble chips 2 g of small marble chips Water 1. basin. 2. 3. 4. Clamp the burette vertically using a retort stand. Record its initial reading. Measure 40 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl using a measuring cylinder. 5. Transfer the acid into a conical flask. Fill a burette with water and invert it over water in a

APPARATUS:

MATERIALS:

PROCEDURE:

6.

Set up the apparatus as shown in figure below.

SCAN TEXT BOOK PG 7

7. 8. 9.

Weigh 2 g of large marble chips (Set I). Put them into the conical flask. Close the conical flask immediately with a stopper which is joined to the delivery tube and start the stopwatch. 10. Record the burette readings as intervals of 30 seconds until the reaction stops 11. Repeat steps 1 to 6 using 2 g of small marble chips (Set II). The other conditions remain unchanged.

TABULATION OF DATA:

Test Tube 1 2 3

Intensity of blue colour

Inference

DISCUSSION:

1. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), K2Fe(CN)6 solution is added into the jelly solution to detect the presence of Fe 2+ ions. It reacts with Fe 2+ to form a dark blue precipitate. The darker the blue colouration, the higher is the concentration of Fe2+ ions, the greater the extent of the rusting has taken place. 2. The jelly solution is used in this experiment to keep the nails in place. This makes it easier to assess the intensity of the blue colouration formed since any movement of the nails will cause the blue colouration to disperse.

CONCLUSION:

Iron rusts quickly and steel rusts slowly. Stainless steel resists rusting. Hypothesis is accepted.