They show the way in which an action is performed.

The vast majority end in ly which is the equivalent of the -mente in Spanish. Most are formed from adjectives simply by adding the -ly. Careful---- carefully Quick -----quickly When the adjective ends in y , it changes to i. Easy ------ easily Pretty-----prettily Gay--------gaily When the adjective ends in e, it is ommitted Simple-----simply Noble------nobly True-------truly When the adjective ends in l, it is doubled Beautiful---------beautifully Careful---------- carefully When the adjective ends in ic, the adverb is formed by adding ally Systematic--------systematically Tragic-------------tragically Dramatic----------dramatically When the participle ends in ed the adverb is formed by adding ly pronounced /idli/ Learned-------learnedly Admitted------admittedly Some irregular adverbs which have the same form as the adjective are: Fast ( adjective )--------fast ( adverb) Hard (adjective)---------Hard (adverb) Good (adjective) --------well (adverb) Some of the most common adverbs are Aloud= en voz alta Badly= mal Calmly= tranquilamente

Carefully=cuidadosamente Distinctly= claramente

Easily=facilmente Gladly=de buena gana Equally=igualmente Quietly=tranquilamente Fast=rpidamente Together= juntos ADVERBS OF INTENSITY OR DEGREE almost Awfully Terriblemente, muy Completely Completamente Deeply Profundamente Enough Bastante Entirely Enteramente Fairly Bastante Frightfully Tremendamente Greatly Grandemente Just Justamente Nearly Casi Much Con mucho Only Solamente Perfectly Perfectamente Quite Bastante Rather Bastante So Tan Terribly Terriblemente Too Demasiado Very Muy Very much muchsimo quickly enough hot enough ADVERBS OF QUANTITY Little Much Once Twice Very little Very much Poco Mucho Una vez Dos veces Muy poco Muchsimo

Willingly=de buena gana

ADVERBS OF PROBABILITY Maybe Perhaps Possibly Probably quiz quiz posiblemente probablemente

ADVERBS OF AFFIRMATION Certainly ciertamente Decidedly decididamente Indeed desde luego

Naturally Obviously Of course Surely Yes

naturalmente claramente por supuesto seguramente s

ADVERBS OF NEGATION Never nunca No no Not no Not at all en absoluto COMPARISON OF ADVERBS The comparison of adverbs follows the same rules as for adjectives 1 syllable soon sooner / the soonest near nearer / the nearest 2 or more syllables brightly: more brightly / the most brightly happily: more happily / the most happily irregular adverbs well ( bien) better / the best badly(mal) worse / the worst little (poco) less / the least much (mucho) more / the most POSITION OF ADVERBS 1- Adverbs of frequency are placed between the subject and the verb He always gets up at seven. With compound verbs, it is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. He has already finished With the verb to Be it is placed after the verb. I am always happy. 2- It is placed in front of the adjective , adverb or participle it modifies Very well Well done Enough , however, is placed after the adjective , adverb or participle Good enough Easily enough 3- Adverbs of time are placed in final position We shall go to London tomorrow. However, it can be placed in initial position for emphasis Tomorrow we shall go to London 4- Adverbs and the direct object: Remember that an adverb should never be inserted between a verb and its direct object. In such cases the adverb is either placed after the direct object or before the verb.

I broke it accidentally They quickly collected their things and went home 5- When there is more than one adverb the order is Manner-Place-Time NOUN FORMATION The agent responsible for the action. -ant -arian -ee tenant vegetarian employee disinfectant octogenarian refugee Abstract qualities -ness kindness gentleness cheerfulness weakness -ship friendship leadership hardship -hood childhood adulthood manhood fatherhood -dom freedom boredom stardom -ty/y safety jelausy certainty -th truth death -ment encouragement judgement arrangement amazement

-eer puppeteer pamphleteer

-or author censor

-ist typist masochist

-age drainage vassalage

-al arrival refusal survival

-ation education organization

-ery slavery machinery robbery

-ing driving shoplifting

-ism communism capitalism impressionism

WRITING A NARRATIVE Look at the following paragraph. Complete the blank sections with a suitable narrative It was the summer of 1991.My friends and I had been planning the end-of year trip for a long time. About a month before the holidays began,__________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________. On the last day of school, I _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________. The next day, ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________. When we arrived at our destination, we realised than someone had left a suitcase with ours, so _____________________________________________________________________. At first, we didnt know what to do but then I __________________________________. We were shocked because inside it we found______________________________________ And so_______________________________________________________________. The police decided to wait for someone to collect the suitcase. The next morning,___________ _______________________________________________________________________. Finally, the police _________________________________________________________. At the end of our trip, we___________________________________________________. The trip had been unusual, exciting and enjoyable, and we all had a story to tell our parents when we got home.