SSSIST Sehore

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Lab Manual

of

Digital Signal Processing

using

MATLAB

SSSIST Sehore
List of Experiment
1. Study of MATLAB 7.0

2. Arithmatic operation using MATLAB 7.0

3. Generation of Signals 4. Linear convolution using MATLAB

5. Program

illustrates the design of a Butterworth bandstop filter.

6. To implement a causal IIR filter implemented in the Direct Form II structure, the function direct2 given below can be employed. 7. To implement a causal IIR filter implemented in the Direct Form II structure, the function direct2 given below can be employed 8. Program illustrates the design of a causal IIR filter, its simulation in transposed Direct Form II, and its application in filtering a signal. 9. Program up-sampler. 10. Illustration of Down-Sampling by an Integer Factor 11. Use fir2 to create a bandlimited input sequence 12. Program P10 4 can be employed to study the frequency-domain properties of the downsampler 13. FIR filter using Rectangular Window 14. FIR filter using Hamming Window
15. Circular Convolution of two sequences using MATLAB

16. IIR filter design using MATLAB

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 1
Program for Linear Convolution clc; clear all; close all; x=input('ENTER THE FIRST SEQUENCE '); h=input('ENTER THE SECOND SEQUENCE '); y=conv(x,h); stem(y); xlabel('Amplitude---->'); ylabel('time----->'); title('LINEAR CONVOLUTION');

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 2
Program for the design of a Butterworth band stop filter. % Program P7_1 % Design of a Butterworth Bandstop Digital Filter Ws = [0.4 0.6]; Wp = [0.3 0.7]; Rp = 0.4; Rs = 50; % Estimate the Filter Order [N1, Wn1] = buttord(Wp, Ws, Rp, Rs); % Design the Filter [num,den] = butter(N1,Wn1,stop); % Display the transfer function disp(Numerator coefficients are );disp(num); disp(Denominator coefficients are );disp(den); % Compute the gain response [g,w] = gain(num,den); % Plot the gain response plot(w/pi,g);grid axis([0 1 -60 5]); xlabel(\omega /\pi); ylabel(Gain, dB); title(Gain Response of a Butterworth Bandstop Filter);

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 3
Program for implement a causal IIR filter implemented in the Direct Form II structure, the function direct2 given below can be employed.

function [y,sf] = direct2(p,d,x,si); % Y = DIRECT2(P,D,X) filters input data vector X with % the filter described by vectors P and D to create the % filtered data Y. The filter is a "Direct Form II" % implementation of the difference equation: % y(n) = p(1)*x(n) + p(2)*x(n-1) + ... + p(np+1)*x(n-np) % - d(2)*y(n-1) - ... - d(nd+1)*y(n-nd) % [Y,SF] = DIRECT2(P,D,X,SI) gives access to initial and % final conditions, SI and SF, of the delays. dlen = length(d); plen = length(p); N = max(dlen,plen); M = length(x); sf = zeros(1,N-1); y = zeros(1,M); if nargin ~= 3, sf = si; end if dlen < plen, d = [d zeros(1,plen - dlen)]; else p = [p zeros(1, dlen - plen)]; end p = p/d(1); d = d/d(1); for n = 1:M; wnew = [1 -d(2:N)]*[x(n) sf]; K = [wnew sf]; y(n) = K*p; sf = [wnew sf(1:N-2)]; end

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 4
Program to the design of a causal IIR filter, its simulation in transposed Direct Form II, and its application in filtering a signal. % Program P8_3 % Illustration of Filtering by an IIR Filter clf; % Generate the input sequence k = 0:50; w2 = 0.7*pi;w1 = 0.2*pi; x1 = 1.5*cos(w1*k); x2 = 2*cos(w2*k); x = x1+x2; % Determine the filter transfer function [N, Wn] = ellipord(0.25, 0.55, 0.5, 50); [num, den] = ellip(N,0.5, 50,Wn); % Generate the output sequence y = filter(num,den,x); % Plot the input and the output sequences subplot(2,1,1); stem(k,x); axis([0 50 -4 4]); xlabel(Time index n); ylabel(Amplitude); title(Input Sequence); subplot(2,1,2); stem(k,y); axis([0 50 -4 4]); xlabel(Time index n); ylabel(Amplitude); title(Output Sequence);

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 5
Program for design of up-sampler % Illustration of Up-Sampling by an Integer Factor clf; n = 0:50; x = sin(2*pi*0.12*n); y = zeros(1, 3*length(x)); y([1: 3: length(y)]) = x; subplot(2,1,1) stem(n,x); title(Input Sequence); xlabel(Time index n);ylabel(Amplitude); subplot(2,1,2) stem(n,y(1:length(x))); title(Output Sequence); xlabel(Time index n);ylabel(Amplitude);

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 6
Program to Down-Sampling by an Integer Factor clf; n = 0: 49; m = 0: 50*3 - 1; x = sin(2*pi*0.042*m); y = x([1: 3: length(x)]); subplot(2,1,1) stem(n, x(1:50)); axis([0 50 -1.2 1.2]); title(Input Sequence); xlabel(Time index n); ylabel(Amplitude); subplot(2,1,2) stem(n, y); axis([0 50 -1.2 1.2]); title(Output Sequence); xlabel(Time index n); ylabel(Amplitude);

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 7
Program to use fir2 to create a band limited input sequence clf; freq = [0 0.45 0.5 1]; mag = [0 1 0 0]; x = fir2(99, freq, mag); % Evaluate and plot the input spectrum [Xz, w] = freqz(x, 1, 512, whole); subplot(2,1,1); plot(w/pi, abs(Xz)); axis([0 1 0 1]); grid xlabel(\omega/\pi); ylabel(Magnitude); title(Input Spectrum); subplot(2,1,2); % Generate the up-sampled sequence L = input(Type in the up-sampling factor = ); y = zeros(1, L*length(x)); y([1: L: length(y)]) = x; % Evaluate and plot the output spectrum [Yz, w] = freqz(y, 1, 512, whole); plot(w/pi, abs(Yz)); axis([0 1 0 1]); grid xlabel(\omega/\pi); ylabel(Magnitude); title(Output Spectrum);

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 8
Program to study the frequency-domain properties of the down sampler % Program P10_4 % Effect of Down-sampling in the Frequency Domain % Use fir2 to create a bandlimited input sequence clf; freq = [0 0.42 0.48 1]; mag = [0 1 0 0]; x = fir2(101, freq, mag); % Evaluate and plot the input spectrum [Xz, w] = freqz(x, 1, 512); subplot(2,1,1); plot(w/pi, abs(Xz)); grid xlabel(\omega/\pi); ylabel(Magnitude); title(Input Spectrum); % Generate the down-sampled sequence M = input(Type in the down-sampling factor = ); y = x([1: M: length(x)]); % Evaluate and plot the output spectrum [Yz, w] = freqz(y, 1, 512); subplot(2,1,2); plot(w/pi, abs(Yz)); grid xlabel(\omega/\pi); ylabel(Magnitude); title(Output Spectrum);

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 9
Program to design of FIR filter using Rectangular Window clc; close all; clear all; rp=input('enter the passband ripple'); rs=input('enter the stopband ripple'); fp=input('enter the passband ripple'); fs=input('enter the stopband ripple'); f=input('enter the sampling frequency'); wp=2*fp/f; ws=2*fs/f; num=-20*log10(sqrt(rs*rp))-13; dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f; n=ceil(num/dem); if(rem(n,2)~=0) n=n1; n=n-1; end y=RECTWIN(n1); %bandpass filter wn=[wp ws]; b=fir1(n,wn,y); [h,o]=freqz(b,1,256); m=20*log10*(abs(h)); an=angle(h); subplot(2,1,1); plot(o/pi,m); xlabel('normalised freq-->'); ylabel('gain in db-->'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(0/pi,an); xlabel('normalised freq-->'); ylabel('phase in radians-->');

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 10
Program to design of FIR filter using Hamming Window clc; clear all; close all rp=input('enter the passband ripple'); rs=input('enter the stopband ripple'); fp=input('enter the passband freq'); fs=input('enter the stopband freq'); f=input('enter the sampling freq'); wp=2*fp/f;ws=2*fs/f; num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13; dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f; n=ceil(num/dem); n1=n+1; if(rem(n,2)~=0); n1=n; n=n-1; end y=hamming(n1); %LOW -PASS FILTER b=fir1(n,wp,y); [h,o]=freqz(b,1,256); m=20*log10(abs(h)); subplot(2,2,1);plot(o/pi,m); ylabel('gain in db-->'); xlabel('(a)normalised frequency-->'); title('LOW-PASS FILTER'); %BAND PASS FILTER wn=[wp ws]; b=fir1(n,wn,y); [h,o]=freqz(b,1,256); m=20*log10(abs(h)); subplot(2,2,3);plot(o/pi,m); ylabel('gain in db-->'); xlabel('(c)normalised frequency-->'); title('BAND PASS FILTER');

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 11
Program to design of Circular Convolution clc; clear all; close all; g=input('1 sequence'); h=input('2 sequence'); N1=length(g); N2=length(h); N=max(N1,N2); N3=N1-N2; if(N3>=0) h=[h,zeros(1,N3)]; else g=[g,zeros(1,-N3)]; end for n=1:N y(n)=0; for i=1:N j=n-i+1; if(j<=0) j=N+j; end end y(n)=[y(n)+g(i)*h(j)]; stem(y) end

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 12
Program to design of IIR filter design clc; close all; clear all; rp=input('enter the pass band ripple'); rs=input('enter the stop band ripple'); wp=input('enter the pass band freq'); ws=input('enter the stop band freq'); fs=input('enter the sampling feq'); w1=2*wp/fs; w2=2*ws/fs; [h,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs); [b,a]=butter(h,wn); w=0:.01:pi; [h,om]=freqz(b,a,w); m=20*log10(abs(h)); an=angle(h); subplot(2,1,1); plot(om/pi,m); ylabel('gain in db....>'); xlabel('(a) normalised frequency>'); subplot(2,1,2); plot(om/pi,an); xlabel('(b) normalised frequency'); ylabel('phase in radian');

SSSIST Sehore
Experiment No. 13
Program to design of Analog to Digital Converter function beq = a2dT(d,n) % BEQ = A2DT(D, N) generates the decimal % equivalent BEQ of the binary representation % of a vector D of decimal numbers with N bits % for the magnitude part obtained by truncation % m = 1; d1 = abs(d); while fix(d1) > 0 d1 = abs(d)/(10^m); m = m+1; end beq = 0; for k = 1:n beq = fix(d1*2)/(2^k) + beq; d1 = (d1*2) - fix(d1*2); end beq = sign(d).*beq*10^(m-1);