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3. In cold countries during winter even through the lakes are frozen, fish
and other aquatic animals and plants can survive in it.
Ans.
1. In cold countries, during winter, the temperature of the atmosphere falls
well below 00 C.
2. As the temperature decreases, the water at the surfaces of lakes and
ponds starts contracting.
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3. Hence, its density increases and it sinks to the bottom. This process
continues till the temperature of all the water in the lake falls to 40 C.
4. As the water at the surface cools further, its temperature falls below 40 C, it
starts expanding instead of contracting.
5. Therefore, its density decreases and it remains at the surface. The
temperature of the water at the surface continues to fall to 00 C.
6. Finally, the water at the surface is converted into ice, but the water below
the layer of ice is at 40 C.
7. Ice is a bad conductor of heat. Hence, the layer of the ice at the surface
does not allow transfer of heat from the water to the atmosphere.
8. As the water below the layer of ice remains at 40 C, fish and other aquatic
animals and plants can survive in it.
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2. Write the unit of heat in M.K.S and C.G.S system
Ans. Unit of heat in
M.K.S. system is Kilocalorie.
C.G.S system is Calorie.
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5. A piece of ice is melted by heating it, what will be the effects on its mass,
volume, density and molecular structure.
Ans.
Mass Remains the same
Volume Increases
Density Decreases
Molecular structure Regular arrangement of the molecule is broken
and molecule are free to move inside the liquid.
i.e. Ice is converted into (liquid) water.