CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN

PRAGUE

Experimental Analysis
132 EAKE
Lecturer: Ing. Tom Plach
20. April. 2012

ASSIGNMENT 8









DYNAMIC INFORMATIVE TEST OF THE STEEL STRUCTURE
DETERMINATION OF THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES AND NATURAL MODES OF
VIBRATION OF THE SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

CALZAVARA ENRICO
JULIEN ABALLA

Task specification:
Determination of the natural frequencies and natural modes of vibration
of the simply supported beam, and comparison between labs result and
2 different models.

Description of the equipment for the measurement:

Figure 1. Scheme of the tested structure

1. The structure is a steels beam with a U-shape cross section.

2. Between sections C and D is positioned an exciter
3. Its possible to move 2 sensors in all the lenght of the section to
estimate the mode shapes and damping for the first 5 natural
frequencies.


MODEL 1:

Figure 2. MODEL 1: a structure modeled as a simple supported beam with a continously distributed mass.

Calculation of the first five natural frequencies:

Using the following formula calculate the natural frequencies:





n
f (Hz)

1
15,80

2
63,20

3 142,20

4 252,79

5 394,99

Mode shapes in the different section for the first five natural frequencies
w(M1)i(j):




where:
C4 = 1



MODEL 1

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

1
0,00000
0,25869
0,49977
0,70683
0,86576
0,96575
1,00000
0,96617
0,86656
0,70795
0,50115
0,26023

2
0,00000
0,49977
0,86576
1,00000
0,86656
0,50115
0,00159
-0,49839
-0,86496
-1,00000
-0,86735
-0,50253

3
0,0000
0,70683
1,00000
0,70795
0,00159
-0,70570
-1,00000
-0,70907
-0,00319
0,70457
0,99999
0,71020

4
0,0000
0,86576
0,86656
0,00159
-0,86496
-0,86735
-0,00319
0,86416
0,86814
0,00478
-0,86336
-0,86893

5
0,0000
0,96575
0,50115
-0,70570
-0,86735
0,25561
0,99999
0,26330
-0,86336
-0,71132
0,49424
0,96779

12

0,00159

-0,00319

0,00478

-0,00637

0,00796

Bod
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 (ref.point)
12
13

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 (ref.point)
12
13

(1)

Bod
i

(3)

(4) = sign(cos(3))*(2)

(5) = (2) / wREF(j)

wi(1)
[1]

wi(1)
[1]

Computed eigenmodes w(j)

Model No. 1
Model No.. 2
f(1) = 15,779 Hz f(1) = 13,044 Hz

0,01368
359,72
0,013679
0,034194
0,000000
0,000000
0,24299
359,41
0,242990
0,607414
0,516196
0,583679
0,40309
8,64
0,403090
1,007624
0,997249
1,117983
0,57705
8,97
0,577050
1,442481
1,410409
1,557294
0,79830
10,34
0,798300
1,995550
1,727550
1,871013
0,87778
10,83
0,877780
2,194231
1,927079
2,047662
0,87141
7,79
0,871410
2,178307
1,995414
2,084350
0,83227
7,94
0,832270
2,080467
1,927902
1,984664
0,71259
9,67
0,712590
1,781297
1,729138
1,758796
0,57971
10,43
0,579710
1,449130
1,412656
1,423225
0,40004
10,21
0,400040
1,000000
1,000000
1,000000
0,22276
11,18
0,222760
0,556844
0,519265
0,515682
0,00576
193,04
-0,005764
0,014408
0,003178
0,000000
w(2) -2nd nat. mode shape of the vertical bending vib.
f(2) = 46,698 Hz
f(2) = 63,199 Hz f(2) =47,623 Hz
U(f(j))
!(f(j))
wi(2)
wi(2)
wi(2)
wi(2)
[mV]
[]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
0,35601
350,73
0,356010
0,091724
0,000000
0,000000
1,94980
351,64
1,949800
0,502357
-0,576204
-0,399753
2,73160
352,26
2,731600
0,703785
-0,998167
-0,651846
2,54130
352,13
2,541300
0,654755
-1,152937
-0,639595
1,24140
1,82
1,241400
0,319841
-0,999085
-0,355569
0,63358
179,83
-0,633580
0,163239
-0,577794
0,099990
2,59570
179,75
-2,595700
0,668771
-0,001836
0,598182
4,21070
180,12
-4,210700
1,084868
0,574613
1,014646
5,01590
180,17
-5,015900
1,292325
0,997247
1,249999
4,86270
179,40
-4,862700
1,252853
1,152934
1,246958
3,88130
177,72
-3,881300
1,000000
1,000000
1,000000
2,16090
175,40
-2,160900
0,556746
0,579382
0,555201
0,22575
25,82
0,225750
0,058164
0,003672
0,000000
"f(1)
18,175
0,574
MAC(1)
0,9977
0,9977
"f(2)
22,944
0,93
MAC(2)
0,1060
0,24939

(2)

Measured natural mode shapes w(j)

w(1) - 1st nat. mode shape of the vertical bending vib.
f(1) = 12,928 Hz
U(f(j))
!(f(j))
wi(1)
wi(1)
[mV]
[]
[1]
[1]

Bod
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 (ref.point)
12
13

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 (ref.point)
12
13

(1)

Bod
i
(3)

(4) = sign(cos(3))*(2)

(5) = (2) / wREF(j)

wi(3)
[1]

wi(3)
[1]

Computed eigenmodes w(j)

Model No. 1
Model No.. 2
f(3) = 142,197 Hz f(3) = 120,613 Hz

0,27335
331,59
0,273350
0,091867
0,000000
0,000000
1,56780
354,98
1,567800
0,526903
0,706831
0,399088
1,79510
357,47
1,795100
0,603294
1,000008
0,473151
0,38560
178,52
-0,385600
0,129592
0,707957
0,062141
1,92490
180,50
-1,924900
0,646916
0,001593
-0,556406
2,72940
180,42
-2,729400
0,917291
-0,705703
-0,985345
2,26030
180,66
-2,260300
0,759637
-1,000005
-0,962749
0,84461
181,38
-0,844610
0,283855
-0,709080
-0,477472
1,11290
359,99
1,112900
0,374021
-0,003185
0,237489
2,52470
1,49
2,524700
0,848496
0,704574
0,828069
2,97550
1,68
2,975500
1,000000
1,000000
1,000000
1,86390
1,40
1,863900
0,626416
0,710203
-0,742115
0,36008
196,16
-0,360080
0,121015
0,004778
0,000000
w(4) - 4th nat. mode shape of the vertical bending vib.
f(4) = 233,36 Hz
f(4) = 252,794 Hz f(4) = 216,685 Hz
U(f(j))
!(f(j))
wi(4)
wi(4)
wi(4)
wi(4)
[mV]
[]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
0,25806
272,15
0,258060
0,338644
0,000000
0,000000
0,52999
345,97
0,529990
0,695488
-1,002781
-0,762557
0,44536
358,74
0,445360
0,584431
-1,003703
-0,624742
0,30222
176,67
-0,302220
0,396593
-0,001845
0,465907
0,86687
182,60
-0,866870
1,137565
1,001857
0,997984
0,65892
186,77
-0,658920
0,864679
1,004622
0,515630
0,16264
347,01
0,162640
0,213427
0,003689
-0,471627
0,81646
5,30
0,816460
1,071414
-1,000930
-1,066649
0,69212
7,39
0,692120
0,908246
-1,005539
-0,736124
0,07741
185,81
-0,077406
0,101577
-0,005534
0,235556
0,76204
184,06
-0,762040
1,000000
1,000000
1,000000
0,76935
186,84
-0,769350
1,009593
1,006454
0,889018
0,12175
92,36
-0,121750
0,159769
0,007379
0,000000
"f(3)
22,684
10,747
MAC(3)
0,0775
0,0036
"f(4)
7,688
8,333
MAC(4)
0,0098
0,0173

(2)

Measured natural mode shapes w(j)

w(3) - 3rd nat. mode shape of the vertical bending vib.
f(3) = 109,94 Hz
U(f(j))
!(f(j))
wi(3)
wi(3)
[mV]
[]
[1]
[1]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 (ref.point)
12
13

(1)

Bod
i
1,88110
6,02020
3,62980
2,96240
1,65380
3,00500
3,81230
0,48987
3,91920
2,26290
2,51140
3,93240
0,37250

(2)

107,53
165,58
175,40
354,84
15,33
168,90
179,08
304,98
354,46
1,55
170,89
176,06
358,77

(3)

-1,881100
-6,020200
-3,629800
2,962400
1,653800
-3,005000
-3,812300
0,489870
3,919200
2,262900
-2,511400
-3,932400
0,372500

(4) = sign(cos(3))*(2)

"f(5)
MAC(5)

0,749024
2,397149
1,445329
1,179581
0,658517
1,196544
1,517998
0,195059
1,560564
0,901051
1,000000
1,565820
0,148324

(5) = (2) / wREF(j)

Measured natural mode shapes w(j)

w(5) -5th nat. mode shape of the vertical bending vib.
f(5) = 331,19 Hz
U(f(j))
!(f(j))
wi(5)
wi(5)
[mV]
[]
[1]
[1]

16,152
0,1004

0,000000
1,954010
1,013975
-1,427838
-1,754909
0,517181
2,023284
0,532741
-1,746834
-1,439208
1,000000
1,958128
0,016112

wi(5)
[1]

1,869
0,1433

0,000000
0,931732
0,481488
-0,777606
-0,018218
1,334547
1,168033
-0,427568
-1,464071
-0,637208
1,000000
1,368374
0,000000

wi(5)
[1]

Computed eigenmodes w(j)

Model No. 1
Model No.. 2
f(5) = 394,991 Hz f(5) = 325,734

Original measurement record and calculations data:


"Basic aim of the dynamic informative test is the experimental
determination of the modal parameters of the investigated structure.
Modal characteristics are natural frequencies f(j) , mode shapes w(j)
and damping (j). Natural mode shape w(j) and damping (j) is
unequivocally assigned to each natural frequency f(j). This damping can
differ for different natural frequencies.
Experimentally determined natural frequencies, mode shapes and
damping of the structure are compared with the calculated ones
during the assessment of the dynamic informative test. According to
the standard CSN 73-6209 Load tests of bridges, the good agreement
between the theoretical calculation and the experimental results is
achieved when:"

is between the range in Table.1

Table. 1 - Limit deviations of the natural frequencies

Mutual assignment of the measured and calculated natural frequencies
will be done based on the Modal Assurance Criterion MAC(j,k):




Conclusion for Model 1:

f(min)>10 its out of the limits
MAC is always < 0.85

In conclusion the simple supported beam model cant be used for
describe our experiment.


MODEL 2:

Figure 3. MODEL 2: FEM model of the investigated structure with the mass of the exciter only in place,
where is in the reality.

(software used for modeling "SAP 2000")

CALCULATIONS:

Mode shapes in the different section for the first five natural frequencies
w(M1)i(j):

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

1
0
1,470672
2,816935
3,92385
4,714315
5,159411
5,25185
5,000676
4,431567
3,586042
2,519659
1,299343
0

2
0
-2,009498
-3,276732
-3,215149
-1,787392
0,502635
3,006972
5,100472
6,283559
6,268272
5,026851
2,790912
0

3
0
2,616415
3,101977
0,407393
-3,647795
-6,459913
-6,311772
-3,130305
1,556975
5,428811
6,555992
-4,865302
0

4
0
4,173223
3,419005
-2,549753
-5,461636
-2,821871
2,581059
5,837417
4,028563
-1,28912
-5,47267
-4,865302
0

5
0
-4,02233
-2,078604
3,35696
0,078647
-5,7613
-5,042453
1,845832
6,320462
2,750857
-4,317045
-5,907331
0

The calculations are the same like the first model.

1
2
3
4
5

Frequency Hz
12,928
48,698
109,94
233,36
331,19

Model 2
f
MAC
13,04393196
0,8887808 0,997669975
47,62585131
-2,2511906 0,249392245
120,6127126
8,848746 0,003634573
216,6847237
-7,69564 0,017315472
325,732899
-1,67533 0,143259761

 CONCLUSION MODEL 2:
MAC is always < than 0.85.

Considering these results this model is not according with the
standard CSN 73-6209.


Anyway, if we look the f we can see that the second model is much
better than the first one.

f
max |f|
0,5744584
15,000
-0,9304793
17,651
10,747385
23,247
-8,33251
25,000
-1,86874
25,000

f is according with the standard CSN 73-6209.