Written Report in Management Information System (Chapter 11)

Submitted in Partial Fulfilments of the requirements in Business Policy and Strategy

Submitted by: Almira D. Guillermo Jessica V. Silverio Caloi Jason D. Villanueva BSA 3-7D

April 26, 2012

Submitted to: Professor Elena Mao

1. PEOPLE: the most vital part of an information system includes the people who
use the system or rely upon the systems input and results. It is important that in most information systems, people control the essential business roles that are used to operate the system. Furthermore, people must also identify and use various assumptions to control the scope of the system. 2. INFORMATION: Another critical element is the information that is stored and maintained in the system. Managers and users must decide what information should be stored. Manual of information systems that relied on written information are still widely prevalent in managerial practice. Many employees still keep handwritten to-do list and notes in a paper notebook, though others use high technology such as Blackberries.

Old Concept Capital Goods

New Concept Intellectual Capital

Examples

Railroads Refineries Industrial

Collective knowledge of workers. Innovation and Ideas Knowledge

Type of Economy

3. INFRASTRUCTURE: The infrastructure of an information system includes the

various resources, devices and storage media that are used to actually operate the system. Most people are familiar with the components of a typical paper based information system: paper files cabinets and the building or structures that may provide storage or work area. 4. PROCESSES: The actual operations performed by the information system represent the final item in our model. Those who design information system tend to model real world activities, especially when developing information systems for a wide audience. Electronic commerce still uses a shopping cart model, in which users select specific items during one or more visits to a web site and then purchases them with single financial transaction. Podcasting uses a subscription model that requires users to ask for on-going delivery of audio and video files to their device. Types of Information System 1. TRANSACTION PROCESSING. This is a core function of many information systems, and this model encompasses more than financial

exchanges. Users make requests to remote services for information, files and resources. Examples of this are the E-mail and instant messages that became popular means of corporate communication because they allow organization members to time shift their communication when needed. 2. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS. Organizations may choose to identify, design, and implement information systems that are specific to a business function, such as: marketing human resources, production, financing, and procurement, etc. These functional information systems may become highly specialized, depending on the amounts an types of data that must be captured, processed, and analysed by staff and managers in that area. In some cases, a functional system provides additional layers of security, designed to prevent information from being transferred or used in illegal or unethical ways.

3. ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING: Functional systems must have some level of integration among them so that the companys managers can monitor and understand changes in important tactical and strategic trends and issues. ERP systems can help provide this integration by supporting a common suite of business application that share the same companys data. 4. COMMUNICATIONS: A communications system conveys messages and more basic information that is included in a message. Communications systems tie the organizations information systems, servers, and infrastructure together so tat information can be exchanged within and outside the organizations networks. 5. FILE MANAGEMENT: this type of system helps manage files, which are bundles of more specific digital information that are stored on a computer or network. File management systems work with communication system to delivery information within a computer and across a network. Storage media such as: tapes, hard drives, CDs and Storage area networks (SANs) provide ever increasing amount of storage space for users and their business organization. In the mainframe era, storage was a precious commodity that was expensive to create and maintain. Managers were extremely conservative in selecting the types and amount of digital information that was created and stored in these computer systems.

DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEMS The distributed model as its origins in the early history of computers, wen large mainframe computer used vacuum tubes instead of transistors, and punch cards instead of magnetic storage. These devices were extremely expensive to operate, requiring round the clock attention from dedicated teams of engineers and technicians, and large air-conditioned rooms. There were a wide variety of vendors, many of whom were either acquired or went out of business as the industry matured. Corporate customers were forced to consider the long-term viability of their vendors, as well as the technical and economic advantages of the computing product and services that they provided.

NETWORKS AND THE CONNECTED ORGANIZATION

1. INTERNET: the internet provides business organization and individuals with access to a widely accessible, highly redundant scalable communications network. The term internet is derived from internetwork, which is a communications network that combines several smaller networks into a single, interoperable system. 2. INTRANETS: Business organizations have used internal communications systems as one way of coordinating strategic and tactical activities. An intranet is a secured internal network that allows employees to access and share organizational information that is confidential or sensitive. As business deploying intranets, the technology has progressed in two directions. Some intranets features are almost commodity that are included in operating systems, ERP platforms, and others applications. These salient features include messaging, e-mail, search, and knowledge bases. 3. EXTRANETS: Business organizations must communicate with their partners in the value chain. An extranet can facilitate this communication in a secure manner that the organizations managers can limit and control. An extranet can be defined as a portion of the corporate intranet that may be accessed by customers, suppliers, and other partners. Extranets can complicate relationships in a value chain, especially when participating organizations fail to compromise or cooperate over issues including data format, interface design, and software requirements. In some value chains, a coalition of partners may take control over these problems and issues, by adopting a set of standards, or developing a common portal that incorporates best practices in the industry, as stated by William A. Sodeman (2007).