Qualitative Observations Specim en 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cranial capacity seed method (mL) 139 84 45 72 56 124 96 Caliper reading: Breadth (cm) 6.

8 5.1 4.7 5.4 4.9 6.4 6.9 Caliper reading: Height (cm) 6.8 4.6 4.2 5.1 4.5 7 5.0 Caliper reading: Length (cm) 8.9 5.2 5.8 5.7 5.1 7.8 7.3 Volume Caliper method (cm3) 1112 672 360 576 448 992 768

Analysis of Data Specimen Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Results Specimen Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Accepted Value 1200-1900 340-752 438 452 275-500 1000-1850 821 Specimen Name Homo Neaderthalensis Gorilla Gorilla Australopithecus Afarensis Australopithecus boisei Pan troglodytes Homo Sapiens Sapiens Homo Erectus Cranial Capacity Seed Method (cm3) 1112 672 360 576 448 992 768 Cranial Capacity Caliper Method (cm3) >> .365(LxWxB)=359.34 509.55 403.87 401.13 416.64 400.39 486.89 451.27

Discussion Questions 1. Variations are likely to happen between the two methods because with the mustard seed method the amount of seeds that may be lost in the process could alter the final number. While doing the other method caliper the measurements could be taken wrong and that could to alter the final number. There may be variations do to error. 2. refer to results chart 3. #1 Homo Neaderthalensis:
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus:Homo Species: neanderthalensis #2 Gorilla Gorilla:

Kingdom:Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Hominidae, Genus: Gorilla, Species: gorilla and berginel #3 Australopithecus Afarensis Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order:Primates, Family: Hominidae, Genus: Australopithecus, Species: afarensis

#4 Australopithecus boisei
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Hominidae, Genus: Australopithecus, Species: Boisei #5 Pan troglodytes Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Homindae, Genus: Pan, Species: Simia troglodytes #6 Homo sapiens Sapiens Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Homindae, Genus: Homo, Species: Home Sapiens, #7 Homo erectus kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Primates, Family: Homindae, Genus: Home, Species: Homo Erectus 4. From Oldest to Youngest Hominid Specimens timeline: Australopithecus Afarensis Australopithecus boisei Gorilla Gorilla Pan troglodytes Homo erectus Homo Neaderthalensis Homo sapiens Sapiens

5. The skulls have defined orbital ridges, the older the skulls have larger jaws or mandibles, which caused the jaw project forward. The forehead gradually became less sloped it developed as the species did. 6. the skull shape and sixe are important characteristics to scientist to determine human evolutionary relationships because seeing the shape round and become larger suggest that the brain was developing and becoming bigger as the species continues to evolve. 7. comparative anatomy is useful in understanding human evolution because it will show that human species evolved along side the earth. They adapted and changed to survive and thrive in the earths conditions, getting smarter and more experienced as time went on.