ITECH7605 Workbookfor:IntelligentSystemsforan InformationBasedSociety

Workbook 1: Introduction to EGovernment

GraduateSchoolofInformationTechnologyandMathematicalSciences 2010

ITECH7605

Point1:Wearelivinginanemerginginformationsociety
Exercise1:Youtube
Whatisaninformationsociety? InformationRevolutionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CV05HyAbM

Exercise2:Define
UseWikipediaand/or Chapter1of Cortada,J.W.,(2000)21stCenturyBusinessPrenticeHall ISBN10:0130305693Chapter 1.ANewWorldBorn:ItIsMoreThanJustTechnology availableonSafariOnlinehttp://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/0130305693 todefinean informationsocietyinyourownwords.

Exercise3:Inyourownwords
Usegoogleoryourownguessestoshowhowthefollowingconceptsarefeaturesofaninformation basedsociety: 1.Convergenceoftechnology:

2.Informationcrossesgeographicalborders:

AnEm ergingInform ationSociety

ICTTechnologiesbringingonanew informationsocietyinadramaticfashion: theem ergenceofnew econom icm odels.
theem ergenceofnew educationm odels theem ergenceofnew m echanism sof

governance theneedtorethinkregulation

NewEconomicmodelsare:newwaystoorganisehowgoodsandservicesareproducedand distributed NewEducationmodelsare:newwaystoorganisehoweducationisorganised,deliveredand assessed Newmechanismsofgovernanceare:newwaysforgovernmentstoregulateactivitiesanddeliver services. Thenextpointdiscussesneweconomicmodels.

Point1:Aninformationbasedsocietyhasneweconomic models

NewEconomicmodels:opensource
Newmechanismsforthegenerationanddistributionof informationproductsandserviceshaveemerged.
Usingtraditionalbusinessmodel MicroSoftdevelopstheNToperating systemby : MSemploysprogrammerstoundertake tasks Programmersprimarilymotivatedby salary,promotionopportunities MSretainsintellectualpropertyrightsso thatitcanlegitimatelysellNTtoclients Clientspay$topurchaseNT MSaggressivelyprotectsmarketsharein ordertomaximizeturnover,profits GovernmentauthoritiesmonitorMS aggressionforsignsofmonopolytrading Withtheprofitfromsales,MSstaysin businessandgeneratesnewproducts UsingannontraditionalmodelLinuxis developed : In1993LinusTorvalds,a19yearoldfrom Finlandemailedlistgroupsdeclaringhis intentiontodevelopamoperatingsystem forPCsbasedonUnix By1998,thousandsofparttimeunpaid programmershaddevelopedand debuggedLinuxandleftitinthepublic domain CompaniessuchasSusie,RedHat, developabusinessmodelwherethey encourageLinuxtobefreelyavailableand chargeclientsforsupportservices.Even so,Linuxislessthanonetenththepriceto theenduserthanNT.

Exercise4:Expand
AccessGolden,B.,(2004)SucceedingwithOpenSource.AddisonWesley.Chapter1.TheSource ofOpenSourcehttp://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/0321268539 InyourownwordsindicatewhattheGoldenmeanswhenhesays: Softwarehastraditionallyfollowedaconsistentbusinessarchetype.

Opensourcediffersradicallyfromcommercialsoftwareandoffersusersmuchmorecontrol.

OpensourceoffersITorganizationsmuchmorefreedom.

Opensourceiscreatedmuchdifferentlyfromcommercialsoftware.

Exercise5.Inyourownwords..
Describewhataneconomicmodelisandwhytheopensourcemovementisaneweconomic model?

Exercise6.Define
RogerClarkdescribeschangestopublishingasdrivenbytheinformationrevolution. http://www.rogerclarke.com/EC/Issues98.html#EP.Describehisargument.Defineinteractive publishing.DefineHoneyPot.

Exercise7.Examplesofneweconomicmodels
WhichofthefollowingareexamplesofneweconomicmodelscausedbyIT.Howdoesanyone makemoney?Iseconomicproductioncompromised? WikepediaVsBrittanica

LinuxVsWindows

Point2.Newmodelsofgovernmentareemerging
Exercise8:Youtube
WatchtheyoutubevideocalledeGovernment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5kCf8Wd5gI&feature=related

NewModelsofgovernmentButwhat isgovernment
Originofthewordgovernment

Latingubernare Chinesezhengfu

tosteer proper,right,correct

Malay kerajaan. Ruler TamilaracankamReignofaking

DefinitionofGovernment
OsborneandGaebler1992Governmentisthemechanism

weusetomakecommunaldecisions,provideservices

Typesofgovernment
Autocracy

Oneindividualholdsallthepower E.gAbsolutemonarchywheremonarchruleswithout constitutionalconstraint.e.gBrunei http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/monarchy.htm Agroupofindividualsholdsallthepower E.gSouthAfricaduringapartheidyears LiterallyRulebythepeoplePeopleholdpower E.gMajorityofWorldsnations

Oligarchy

Democracy

Exercise9:Repeatafterme
Fromtheslidesaboveorothersourcesanswer: Anautocracyis:___________________________ Anoligarchyis:___________________________ Ademocracyis:___________________________ Ruleoflawis:___________________________

Exercise10.Typesofgovernment
Whatisthetypeofgovernmentinthefollowingcountries? Australia___________________________ India___________________________ China___________________________ Japan___________________________ Brunei___________________________ SaudiArabia_______________________ Indonesia__________________________ Botswana

Typesofdemocracy
Directdemocracy:citizensdirectlydiscussand decideissuesandpolicies Representationaldemocracy:citizenselect representativestoparliamenttomakedecisionson issuesandpolicies

Liberaldemocracyisakindofrepresentationaldemocracy characterizedby:

Ruleoflaw. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law thatagovernmentsauthorityONLYexercisedthrough transparentlaws Freeandfairelections Separationofpowers

Principle

___________________________

Separationofpowers
Stateisdividedintobrancheswithindependent powers Typicalbranches

Executive(governmentdaytodaymanagementofstate), Legislative(parliamentmakeslaws) Judicial(courts)

Examples

Police(government)arrest,Courts(judicial)try Parliament(legislative)makeslaws.Government departmentimplementslaws

FeaturesofDemocracyinAthens
509BC.Athens.ThereformerCleisthenesdividedthecitystateintotentribes selectedsoeachtribewasacrosssectionofthepopulation.

Fiftycitizensfromeachtribe(drawnbylot)madeuptheGoverningCouncilof 500thatdeterminedstatepolicy. Largejuriesmadeupofmembersfromeachtribedecidedlawsuits. Ageneralassemblyofallcitizenspassedlaws Everycitizenhadtherighttodeterminepolicyandtookanactiveinterestin politics.Thisstimulatedaninterestineducation,artsandledtomuchactivity directedtothecommongood

Essentiallythesameconstitutionstoodfor100yearshowever,afterAthens Persianwars,Athenshadaninfluxofoutsidersandslaves.(e.g.ofapopulation of100,000only40,000werecitizens)noneofwhichwerecitizens.

Politicalfactionsemerged.Policiesformulatedinprivateandrubberstampedin thegeneralassembly.

Moderndemocracy

Representativedemocracywherecitizenselectrepresentativestovoteontheir behalfonissuesinaparliament Allcitizensentitledtovote(over18,permanentresidents,aboriginalpeople grantedrighttovotein1968) Residentsparticipateindecisionmakingby:

joiningaparty lobbytheirrepresentative demonstration involvemedia voting

Professionalbodieslobbygovernmentonbehalfoftheirmembers(e.g.Internet IndustryAssociation) ManydecisionsdecidedbyCabinetbehindcloseddoors Publicstandingofpoliticiansisverylow Callforedemocracy

Exercise11.Answerthis
Aliberaldemocracyischaracterisedbytheruleoflaw,freeandfairelectionsandtheseparationof powers.Indicatewhich,ifanyofthesefeaturesiscompromisedwhen: 1. Igetstoppedforspeedingandthepolicemanletsmeoffbecauseheknowsme ___________________________ 2. IdislikepoliticssomuchIdon'tvote___________________________

3. Ivoteforeveryoneinmyfamily___________________________ 4. Thepolicepickmeupforstealingandsentencemetojail___________________________ 5. Iworkasagovernmenthealthinspectorandtherestaurantnearmyofficealwaysgivesmea discount___________________________ 6. TheCourtappointsmybrotherasaclerkonmy recommendation___________________________ 7. Astheeditorofalocalnewspaper,acandidateforanelectionpromisesmetaxcutsifshe getselected___________________________ 8. Iamnotentitledtovotebecauseofmyculture___________________________ 9. Roadtransportisexpensiveinsomecountriesbecausearmyguardscharge ___________________________

Exercise12.Answer
Someorganisationscompilelistsoftheextenttowhichcountriesareopendemocracies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index Doyouagreewiththeratings?

AssignmentWork.
Exercise13.Readthroughtheassignment
Askthetutoraboutanythingyoudon'tunderstand