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Lecture Presentation
If acetate ion is added to the solution, Le Chtelier says the equilibrium will shift to the left.
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Ka =
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Because HCl, a strong acid, is also present, the initial [H3O+] is not 0, but rather 0.10 M.
[HF], M Initially Change At equilibrium
Aqueous Equilibria 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
[H3O+], M 0.10
[F], M 0
0.20
Because HCl, a strong acid, is also present, the initial [H3O+] is not 0, but rather 0.10 M.
[HF], M Initially Change At equilibrium
Aqueous Equilibria 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
[H3O+], M 0.10 +x
[F], M 0 +x
0.20 x
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Because HCl, a strong acid, is also present, the initial [H3O+] is not 0, but rather 0.10 M.
[HF], M Initially Change At equilibrium 0.20 x 0.20 x 0.20 [H3O+], M 0.10 +x 0.10 + x 0.10 [F], M 0 +x x
Aqueous Equilibria 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Aqueous Equilibria
Sample Exercise 17.1 Calculating the pH When a Common Ion is Involved What is the pH of a solution made by adding 0.30 mol of acetic acid and 0.30 mol of sodium acetate to enough water to make 1.0 L of solution?
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
5/1/2012
Practice Exercise Calculate the pH of a solution containing 0.085 M nitrous acid (HNO2,Ka = 4.5 104) and 0.10 M potassium nitrite (KNO2). Answer: 3.42
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
Sample Exercise 17.2 Calculating Ion Concentrations When a Common Ion is Involved
Practice Exercise Calculate the formate ion concentration and pH of a solution that is 0.050 M in formic acid (HCOOH, Ka = 1.8 104) and 0.10 M in HNO3. Answer: [HCOO] = 9.0 105, pH = 1.00
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
5/1/2012
Buffers
Buffers are solutions of a weak conjugate acidbase pair. They are particularly resistant to pH changes, even when strong acid or base is added.
Aqueous Equilibria 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Buffers
If a small amount of hydroxide is added to an equimolar solution of HF in NaF, for example, the HF reacts with the OH to make F and water.
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Aqueous Equilibria
5/1/2012
Buffers
Buffer Calculations
Consider the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of a generic acid, HA: HA + H2O
Ka =
H3O+ + A
[H3O+] [A] [HA]
Aqueous Equilibria 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
5/1/2012
Buffer Calculations
Rearranging slightly, this becomes
Ka = [H3O+] [A] [HA]
[H3O+]
base
Buffer Calculations
So pKa = pH log [base] [acid] [base] [acid]
Aqueous Equilibria
5/1/2012
HendersonHasselbalch Equation
What is the pH of a buffer that is 0.12 M in lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)COOH, and 0.10 M in sodium lactate? Ka for lactic acid is 1.4 104.
HendersonHasselbalch Equation
pH = pKa + log [base] [acid] (0.10) (0.12)
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Practice Exercise Calculate the pH of a buffer composed of 0.12 M benzoic acid and 0.20 M sodium benzoate. (Refer to Appendix D.) Answer: 4.42
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
How many moles of NH4Cl must be added to 2.0 L of 0.10 M NH3 to form a buffer whose pH is 9.00? (Assume that the addition of NH4Cl does not change the volume of the solution.)
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
11
5/1/2012
Practice Exercise Calculate the concentration of sodium benzoate that must be present in a 0.20 M solution of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) to produce a pH of 4.00. Answer: 0.13 M
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
pH Range
The pH range is the range of pH values over which a buffer system works effectively. It is best to choose an acid with a pKa close to the desired pH.
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13
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(0.320) (0.200)
Practice Exercise Determine (a) the pH of the original buffer described in Sample Exercise 17.5 after the addition of 0.020 mol HCl and (b) the pH of the solution that would result from the addition of 0.020 mol HCl to 1.000 L of pure water. Answers: (a) 4.68, (b) 1.70
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
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GOOD LUCK!
Aqueous Equilibria
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