Research Paper Holocaust Overview Ashlyn Seyler-Rippe

Eng Comp 102-101 Mr. Neuburger 16 April 2012

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The Holocaust was a very tragic event that happened in our world. Some people think the Holocaust happened for only a few years. However the Holocaust occurred because of a series of events that took place over a thirty year period of time. In order to better understand how the Nazi were able to conduct such atrocities need to be understood so history does not repeat itself. Nazi Rise to Power During World War I Germany was at world war with France and many other countries, Adolf Hitler was a Corporal for the German Army. He was not very known for being who he was. But, in 1933 he became he became an important person in German. Hitler was given the title of an authoritarian in Germany. During Hitlers childhood he had a superior person he looked up to and that would be Karl Lueger, who was the mayor of Vienna, Austria. According to ThinkQuest, Lueger blamed the Jews for Austrias economic problems. Hitler's views on the Jews and anti-Semitic tactics were shaped by Lueger (Nazis Rise to Power). Furthermore, the article describes why Lueger is the main reason of why Hitler has all of these bad views on the Jewish people. Hitler said in this article that the Jews and the communist people were plotting to undermine Germany, and this would be why he thinks the Jews are responsible for the way Germanys economy was the way it was. In addition, the website describes that while all of this was going on in Hitlers head, his Nazi party had grown to around fifty-thousand people. He started a coup in Munich which failed and was taken to trial for treason where he was convicted and imprisoned for five years. In the five years he was in prison, he became a very famous person. While in prison he decided he was going to write a book called Mein Kampf, which was about the things he saw as needing to take place. During the year 1925 things in Germany were starting to look up and get better. Hitlers party had gained fifteen-thousand more people and was starting to grow rapidly. The article, The Nazi Rise

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of Power says during 1927 the Nazi Party newspaper was never allowed to be put on the shelves of any news stand again because it had been banned. The article then claims that after all of this the Nazis and Hitler
The front cover of Hitlers Book Mein Kampf. http://bit.ly/HCQirP

gained power because all of the ordinary people voted for them. After

this the stock market crashed and sent Germanys economy back downhill. The people of Germany were so uncertain of everything going on they were looking for something that was stable and the Nazi Party was it. Their propaganda was outstanding and led everyone to believe that there was hope, and a scapegoat. When in reality the only scapegoat Hitler and the Nazis were thinking of was to kill all of the Jews and anyone associated with them. Furthermore, this article states that thirty-two people were killed due to rioting during the election between Hitler and Hindenburg. When the election was coming to an end they realized it was going to be a very close election, so they made Hitler and Hindenburg do a Tie-Breaker sort of thing to try and out do the other person. Therefore, the Nazi Party put together plans called Hitler over Germany. This plan made Hitler go to over twenty-one cities in Germany to persuade the people of these cities to vote for him so he would win against Hindenburg. In the end, Hindenburg won despite all of Hitler and the Nazis efforts to come out ahead in the end. But, according to the article, after everything was all said and done, Hitler had become very popular and the Nazis held one-third of the seats in parliament, it was later proven to be an effective decision that he gained the seats in parliament. Nazi Rise to Power says, Even though Hindenburg disliked Hitler, he had been advised that Hitler could keep it under control, so he named him chancellor, an event celebrated across Germany. Vn Poppen, who was the chancellor at the time was deposed and become vice chancellor (ThinkQuest). Hitler then put Germany under a state of emergency

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and forced everyone non-Nazi to leave the parliament and took away all of their rights as part of it. Hitler and the Reichstag created an act called the Enabling Act of 1933, and as part of this new legislation Hitler was given the powers of a Dictator (ThinkQuest, Nazi Rise to Party). Propaganda According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museums website propaganda is biased information designed to shape public opinion and behavior (Resources, What is Propaganda). During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries propaganda became popular in politics and elections. The governments wanted to shape the public and their behaviors by using this new form of persuasion along with some other ways. In the article about Propaganda, instead of just trying to gain social control, administrations now made newspaper companies and other places distribute the so called news to the people of Germany. The public and their opinions became the place for social, political and religious activities. However, according to the article, World War I saw that the use of propaganda a useful tool for molding the publics opinion and how they behaved. The aggressive governments like Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, the United States, Germany, and Austria-Hungary started hiring people who could write for them, draw, and make movies or commercials to make radical points for rallying the people in their town for war that was about to happen. They need to lessen the foes self-esteem and determination to go into battle with them, and to win the people over who
Some propaganda during the holocaust and world war I used Nazi Soldiers. http://bit.ly/HyXztD are in our neutral countries.

According to the article Resources; Propaganda the American, British and French hired people who created awful pictures of the Germans being cruel, hurtful people who seek to have power over the world and the obliterate the people who live their western cultured life? Furthermore, these images represented secure information of the Germans killing, some were real,

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others were faked or way worse than how they really were done. This was done to make people believe their morality for their foundation and the need to go on with the battles until the other side was demolished. Propaganda article states that, once the Nazis were in power they used torture and broadcasting (television, newspaper or radio) influence and used the propaganda widespread as a weapon to bring the German population around a so called Leader which then led into violence, massive killing, and extermination between and of people. Propaganda was widespread during the time of the Holocaust to do things and promote things that burns in uncalled for and not right. Now propaganda can be used in many ways, good or A synagogue were Ober Ramstadt during bad. But, people who now who create this propaganda must be careful with how they say or
stopping it from burning to the ground. Kristallnacht. People watch as firemen try to stop it from spreading with no intention of

promote thingshttp://bit.ly/IGoAjF so that the citizens who are looking at the propaganda do not get offended or take things the wrong way. Propaganda is used just as much, possibly more than it was back then to promote things in our society (Resources; Propaganda)

Kristallnacht According to the article on The History Place, Krystallnacht was a massive, coordinated attack on the Jews throughout the German Reich on the night of November 9th, 1938 and into the next day (Krystallnacht). This night was also called the Night of Broken Glass by the Jewish people. Krystallnacht happened because of a seventeen year old boy named Herschel Grynszpan who was Jewish and lived in Paris. He apparently shot and killed one of Germanys

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embassy people because he was mad about the awful treatment his family suffered from because of the German Nazis. According to this article, his family along with more than fifteen-thousand other Jews were banned from Germany and sent to Poland without a notice or anything. The Nazis forcibly loaded these passengers to be taken to the border of Poland where they were dumped and stranded on the grounds. The article says this all happened on the twenty-seventh day in October. According to the article about on Krystallnacht, Hitler and Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels claimed, The shooting in Paris provided an opportunity to incite Germans to "rise in bloody vengeance against the Jews" (The History Place). As violence and riots broke out in groups of people, the police and spectators crowded around. They just stood there and watched as the people were beaten and died due to this violence. The SS and Hitler Youth groups killed and brutally attacked the Jewish people, broke in and destroyed their homes, and viciously beat the Jewish women and their children. Furthermore, Jewish possession, whether it was a home, a business, a car or anything for that matter, was taken from them ripped to shreds, burnt or smashed. The Nazis burned over hundreds of Jewish churches called synagogue while the local fire departments just stood around and watched them burn knowing that now all of these Jewish families would not have a place to live. According to The History Place, people outside of Germany heard about and were outraged. They started spreading a massive amount of negative publicity in newspapers and on the radio this was supposed to separate Hitler's Germany from educated nations and take power away from the people who were with the sentiments in those places. Krystallnacht came to an end and very briefly after this the United States withdrew their representative.

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During Krystallnacht, the Nazis destroyed 7500 businesses, burned 267 synagogues,of which 177 of these were completely demolished and 91 Jews put to death. According to the article, twenty-five thousand Jews, mostly men were sent to these places that the Nazis set up called concentration (Kristallnacht). Ghettos Ghettos were concentration camps that the Nazis put the Jews in while trying to figure out a way to get rid of them. One of the Ghettos was called the Warsaw ghetto. This ghetto was put together and created in Piotrkow, Poland on the twenty-eighth of October during the year nineteenthirty-nine. According to Spartacus Educational, Jewish people who lived in the rustic areas got the property they owned taken away, were gathered up and placed in the ghettos in the surrounding towns and cities. Two of the biggest ghettos of this time were the ones in Warsaw and in Lodz. Furthermore, the SS started taking the Jews who were living in Austria and Czechoslovakia and sending them to the ghettos in Poland. The Nazis and the SS were transporting and locking the Jews in trains, while being locked and transported massive amounts of them died. Some of the Jews who lived through the transporting were talked to by a guy named of Adolf Eichmann. In this article Jewish Ghettos, they claim, Conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto were so bad that between 1940 and 1942 an estimated 100,000 Jews died of starvation and disease in the Warsaw Ghetto (Jewish Ghettos). The article goes on to say that Warsaw is the capitol of Poland, and all twenty-two ways to get into the ghetto were sealed off to the public. German officials gave permission to a Jewish Council called Judenrat, to create their own police to keep the peace in Warsaw. The Judenrat was accountable for putting together the work divisions needed by the German officials. There were
Three boys that were sent to the Ghettos in Warsaw http://bit.ly/dI0tLF

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more than just this Ghetto as stated above but this was one of the biggest and where most of the Jews were sent. (Spartacus Educational, Jewish Ghettos) Extermination Methods and The Death Camps In the period of 1941-1945, for the first time in the history of mankind, industrial plants were used to kill people. At the genocide on the Jews, extermination camps were established, where the Nazis in the most terrible way carried out the mass murder of 3 million Jews half of the 6 million victims of the Holocaust (Extermination Methods and Death camps.) There were six camps where the Jews were sent to be exterminated by either the SS or the Nazi Party. The thing is that it was not only the Jews that were being killed According to this article, gypsies and other groups of people from Europe were sent to these camps to be killed off. There were six camps all together that were set up to put death to all the Jews and some other people. The article says Chelmno was the first to be created, and in this camp about one hundred and fifty-two thousand Jews were killed using the exhaust of trucks to gas them all to death. This was happening for about three years between the months December and March, starting in the year 1941 to the year 1943, then they starting killing them again June and July of the year 1944.
Six extermination camps used to kill all the Jews. http://bit.ly/HH4i8U

Furthermore, this article goes on to say that the next three camps that were created were the Belzec, Treblinka, and Sobibor. They were created by Operation Reinhard in order to kill every Jew that was living in Poland at the time. In Belzec, which was established in 1942 over six hundred thousand Jewish people were killed the same horrid way which was used to kill the Jews
Gas chambers used to kill the Jews and others while in the death treblinka, almost nine-hundred thousand Jews died making this to be one of the in Chelmno. Atcamps. http://bit.ly/IK84wF

most efficient camps created so far. The last camp that was created as part of Aktion Reinhard, according to the article was camp Sobibor. At Sobibor, nearly three hundred thousand Jewish

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people lost their lives. Each of these camps all used the same extermination method to get rid of almost two million of the six million Jews that were killed in only these three camps using only one method of extermination. Thousands of Gypsies were killed during this operation as well. According to this website and article, there are two more camps where they exterminated Jews. Auschwitz-Birkenau was created to not only be a concentration camp but also a work one. This camp became the largest killing camps as for the number of victims that were put to death. It is said in the article between one and two million people died at this extermination camp. The first gassings, 250 Polish and 600 Soviet POWs, were taken out early September in 1941. Even though the extermination camp started March of 1942 and they stopped killing people here in November of 1944. According to The Danish Center website began Majdanek, gassing victims in October of 1942. In fall of 1943 the camp shut down after claiming the lives of 60,000 to 80,000 Jewish victims. (Extermination Methods and Death camps). Liberation On the website Holocaust Timeline: Rescue and Liberation says that during the Holocaust, the Jewish and other people got help from some rescuers. Brave people were able to hide while protecting Jews and others from persecution until the Nazis of Germany were demolished and the liberation of the death and concentration camps were stopped by Allied forces. These people that saved and protected all of these Jewish people were brave; they not only risked being killed themselves but risked their familys lives and the lives of the ones they were protecting in the process. This article states that if you were found with a Jew in your home or on your property for that matter you died. There were two ways they could kill you and those were, you could either be shot or you were hung in the public so that others could see what would happen to them if they were to do such a stupid thing in the Nazis eyes. Around eight thousand

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Jewish people who were supposed to be killed in these camps using gas chambers were instead saved by these brave people. Furthermore, one rescuer named Raoul Wallenberg who was Swedish ambassador led the force which saved 100,000 Hungarian Jews. There was another person who rescued over 1,000 Jews from death and that was Oskar Schindler. Huguenot Pastor Andr Trocme led in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, France, which helped 5,000 Jews hid and safe. The Holocaust Timeline; Rescue and Liberation claims that Over 13,000 men and women who risked their lives to rescue Jews have been honored as "Righteous Gentiles" at the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial in Oskar Schindler.
http://bit.ly/IpyOht Three of the girls were rescued by

Jerusalem, thousands more remain unrecognized (Rescue) Formation of Israel According to Formation of Israel website, the Holocaust, which was Jews being killed by the Nazi Party in Germany, this had a huge influence on the condition going on in Palestine. Britain had been given an order over Palestine from the United Nations, banning the Jews from entering Palestine to get away from Nazi persecution.

The Formation of Israel claims On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly voted 33 to 13, with 10 abstentions, in favor of a Partition Plan that created the State of Israel. The British relinquished the mandate over Palestine in 1948. (The Rise of the Religious Right to the Republican Party). After doing this a war came about between the Arabs and Jews. This was the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which made the state of Israel an independent state. The rest of the British Mandate of Palestine was then divided into places ran by Egypt and Transjordan. Furthermore the website says, In 1949, Israel signed separate cease-fire agreements with Egypt on February 24, Lebanon on March 23, Transjordan on April 3, and Syria on July 20.
The Palestine Paper when Israel was born. http://bit.ly/IRvbXG

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(Formation of Israel, the Rise of the Religious Right to the Republican Party). After this, Israel drew its own borders, which took seventy percent of Palestine, which exceeded the fifty percent that the UNs divided offer agreed to give them. Those borders are now known as the "Green Line". The places known as the Gaza Strip and West Bank are now in use by Egypt and Transjordan respectively. In conclusion, this paper and Holocaust research assignment which was given to us made me realize what happened over there. The Holocaust was a tragic event that happened in our world, millions of people died and lost their lives, families lost loved ones and children lost parents. This should have never happened but it did, all we can do is hope it never happens again.

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Work Cited "The Camps." Frank.mtsu.edu. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. "Formation of Israel." The Rise of the Regilious Right to the Republican Party. 2005. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. "Kristallnacht." The History Place. 1997. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. "Nazi Rise to Power." Library.thinkquest.org. Jordan, Kushal, Michael. Web. 8 Apr. 2012. "Rescue and Liberation." Holocaust Timeline: Rescue and Liberation. Produced by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, 2005. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. "Resources; Propaganda." Ushmm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. Simkin, John, and Andy Walker. "Jewish Ghettos." Sparatcus Educational. John Simkin and Andy Walker, 1997. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. Vogelsang, Peter, and Brain B.M. Larsen. "Extermination Camps." The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Sudies. Peter Vogelsang and Brain B. M. Larsen, 2002. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. These were listed on the Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocides website as their sources (Didnt know If I needed to cite them.) Yitzhak Arad, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (Indianapolis, 1987). Yisrael Gutman and Michael Berenbaum, eds., Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp (Bloomington, IN, 1994).

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Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews. Revised and definitive edition (New York, 1985). Eugen Kogon et al., eds., Nazi Mass Murder: A Documentary History of the use of Poison Gas (New Haven, 1993).