SYLLABUS ON SALES I. Nature 1. Definition of Contract of Sale (Art. 1458) 2. Characteristics (Art. 1458,1475) 3. Elements of Contract of Sales A.

Licit and Determinate Object or Thing (Art. 1459-1466) Effect if Lost/Deteriorated (Chapter 3: Art. 1493-1494) B. Certain Price or Consideration (Art. 1468-1474) Distinguish Option Money from Earnest Money (Art. 1479, 1482) C. Consent (Art. 1315, Art. 1319-1346; Art. 124 of the Family Code) Sale without Consent 4. When Perfected/When Consummated (Art. 1475-1476) 5. Distinguish from: a. Contract of agency to sell (Art. 1466, 1868, 1874) b. Contract to sell Republic Act No. 6552 (THE REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER PROTECTION ACT, otherwise known as the Maceda Law) c. Contract for a piece of work (Art. 1467) d. Contract of Barter (Art. 1468, Art. 1638-1641) 6. Distinguish Absolute Sale from Conditional Sale (Art. 1458, 1478, 1503) 7. Capacity to buy or sell (Art. 1489-1492, 1317) 8. Sellers right to transfer (Art. 1459, 1434, 1505-1506, 493) 9. When ownership transferred (Art. 1477-1478, 1434, 1496, 1506)

II. III.

Form of Sale [Art. 1483, 1403 (2)(d), 1405-1408, 1357-1358] Obligations of the Seller/Vendor: (Art. 1495-1496) A. Whether seller delivers or buyer takes possession (Art. 1521) B. If seller delivers: 1. How to deliver (Art. 1497-1504) By Negotiable Document of Title (Art. 1507-1520) 2. What to Deliver (Art. 1537-1541) C. When seller not bound to deliver (Art. 1524, 1198) D. To whom ownership transferred

1. When delivery to carrier, delivery to buyer (Art. 1523, 1588) 2. In double sale (Art. 1544) E. Duty to give buyer opportunity to examine goods (Art. 1584) F. Risk for goods shipped (Art. 1504, last paragraph of Art. 1523) G. Sellers Warranties: 1. Express (Art. 1545-1546) 2. Implied (Art. 1547) a. Warranty against eviction (Art. 1548-1560) b. Warranty against hidden faults/defects or encumbrance (Art. 1561-1581) 3. Additional warranties under RA 7394 (Consumer Act of the Philippines) (Chapter III, Art. 66-73) H. Expenses shouldered by seller (Art. 1487, last paragraph of Art. 1521)

IV.

Rights of the Seller/Vendor: 1. Sale of personal property in installments (Recto Law) (Art. 1484) 2. Unpaid seller (Art. 1525-1535) 3. If you have reasonable grounds to fear loss of immovable property and price (Art. 1591) 4. If buyer not appear in sale of movable property (Art. 1593) 5. For buyers breach of contract of sale of goods (Art. 1594-1597)

V. VI.

Obligations of the Buyer/Vendee (Art. 1582-1589) Rights of Buyer 1. If quantity of goods delivered is lesser or greater (Art. 1522) 2. If area of real estate is lesser or greater (Art. 1539-1543) 3. If bulk of goods delivered does not correspond with description/sample (Art. 1481) 4. If no demand for rescission in sale of immovable property (Art. 1592) 5. For sellers breach of contract of sale of goods (Art. 1598-1599) Installment Sales 1. Personal property (Recto Law) (Art. 1484) 2. Real property (Republic Act No. 6552, THE REALTY INSTALLMENT BUYER PROTECTION ACT, otherwise known as the Maceda Law) 3. Condominium Act (PD 957) Extinguishment of Sale (Art. 1600)

VII.

VIII.

1. Sale with right of repurchase or Conventional redemption (Art. 1601-1618) 2. Legal redemption (Art. 1619-1623)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

AGENCY Definition (Art. 1868) Nature (Art. 1869-1875) Form (last paragraph of Art. 1869, 1874) Kinds (Art. 1876-1880) Agents obligations (Art. 1881-1902, 1909) Obligations/guaranty of commission agents (Art. 1903-1908) Principals obligations (Art. 1910-1918) Modes of extinguishment of agency (Art. 1919-1932)

PLEDGE 1. 2. 3. 4. Nature and binding effect on third persons (Art. 2085-2096) Obligations and rights of pledgor and pledge (Art. 2097-2109) Pactum commissorium (Art. 2088) Modes of extinguishments (Art. 2110-2122)

MORTGAGE 1. Real and Chattel (Act No. 3135 as amended by Act No. 4118, Act No. 1508, Rule 68 of the Rules of Court) a. Nature Art. 2124, 2087, 2090-2091, 2126-2127) b. Requisites (Art. 2085-2086, 2125) c. Requisites to have binding effect on third persons (Art. 2125) d. Obligations and rights of mortgagor and mortgagee (Art. 2088-2089, 2128-2130) e. Mode of extinguishment (Art. 2089, 2131)