RECT-IGNOU M Tech Program

Embedded System Design

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS II - MEL011

1. Programming environment: Overview; stages of compilation, loading and execution 2. Program representation: C, assembly, object files and memory; Program running from RAM; program running from ROM 3. Preprocessor: Definitions and declarations; header files, macros, issues in embedded programming 4. Compiler: Stages of compilation: front-end, mid-end and back-end processing, code generation examples: functions, initialized and uninitialized data, mixing C and assembly 5. Assembler: Structure of the input file, structure of the output file, program and data statements, translation process, address generation 6. Object file formats: Types and structure of object files, text, rodata, data and bss sections, file and section headers, symbol table 7. Linker: Linking process, symbol resolution, address generation, linker command file, linker map file, generating and linking libraries 8. Debugger: Architecture of a debugger, debugger functionality, hardware debugger, software debugger, debugger actions Section 1. Embedded Software: 9. Types of embedded systems: Single-task, multi-task, multi-application and multi-core systems 10. Stand-alone system: System running from ROM: vector table, system initialization, applications and ISRs System running from RAM: boot loader, RAM and ROM images Generalized architecture: boot loader, kernel, device drivers, applications 11. Single task systems: Polling and interrupt driven systems, non-preemptive scheduling Section 2. Real-time operating system: 12. Overview of an RTOS: Real-time requirements, building a real-time system, comparison with a desktop operating system 13. Tasks: Task creation, states, scheduling and context switch 14. Inter-task control flow: Mutual exclusion, synchronization, semaphores and variants Page 1 5/12/2012

RECT-IGNOU M Tech Program 15. Inter-task data flow: Message queues and variants 16. Memory management: Memory management 17. Device drivers: Exchanging data with devices, interrupt handling Section 3. Overview of Embedded Linux:

Embedded System Design

18. System components: Boot loader, roof file system and kernel; Building an embedded Linux system 19. Overview of Linux kernel: System call interface, process management, memory management, file system, device drivers 20. Device drivers: Kernel module, character device driver 21. Applications: Root file system, building and loading applications

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RECT-IGNOU M Tech Program

Embedded System Design

FPGA BASED SYSTEM DESIGN - MEL012

Introduction to ASICS, CMOS LOGIC - Types of ASICs VLSI design flow- CMOS transistors MOS threshold voltage - CMOS layout design rules Introduction to CMOS fabrication steps transistors and resistors transistor parasitic capacitance logical effort library cell design library architecture, Standard Cell. Programmable ASICS, Programmable ASIC Logic cells - Anti fuse- static RAM EPROM and EEPROM technology, PREP benchmarks- Actel ACT-Xilinx LCA- Altera FLEX- Altera MAX Architecture of FPGAs (Xilinx Spartan-3 Altera Cyclone-3) Synchronous Design Using Programmable Devices- EPROM to Realize a Sequential Circuit Programmable Logic Devices Designing a Synchronous Sequential Circuit using a GAL EPROM Realization State machine using PLD FPGA Xilinx FPGA Xilinx 2000 Xilinx 3000 System Design Using Verilog- Verilog Description of combinational Circuits-arrays-Verilog operaters-Compilation and simulation of Verilog codes-Modelling using Verilog-Flip Flopsregisters-counters-sequential machine-combinational logic circuits-Verilog codes serial adders. VLSI Testing - Faults and their manifestations. Fault models. Combinational logic and fault simulation. Design for testability: Scan design, use of scan chains, boundary scan. Built-in self test. Synthesis for testability. (jha & gupta) Text Books: 1. M.J.S. Smith, Application specific integrated circuits Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
1997. John M Yarbrough Digital Logic applications and Design, Thomson Learning, 2001 Samir Palnitkar, Verilog HDL , Pearson Education, 1996. N. Jha & S.D. Gupta, Testing of Digital Systems, Cambridge,2003 Data sheet: Spartan-3 FPGA Family Advanced Configuration Architecture Xilinx XAPP452 (v1.1) June 25, 2008 6. Cyclone III Device Hand book, Volume 1 2. 3. 4. 5.

References:
1. Andrew Brown, - VLSI circuits and systems in silicon, Mc Graw Hill, 1991. 2. S.D. Brown, R.J. Francis, J.Rox, Z.G. Uranesic, Field Programmable gate arrays, Khuever academic publisher, 1992. 3. S.Y.Kung, H.J. Whilo House, T.Kailath, VLSI and Modern Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1985. 4. Charles H. Roth Jr., Fundamentals of Logic design, Thomson Learning- 2004. 5. Parag K Lala, Digital Circuit Testing and Testability, Academic Press, 1997 Richard F Tinder, Engineering Digital Design, Mc Graw Hill, 2003. 6. M. Abramovici etal, Digital System Testing and Testable Design, Computer Science

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RECT-IGNOU M Tech Program

Embedded System Design

EMBEDDED SYSTEM SOFTWARE IN C - MEL013

Programming Embedded Systems- Embedded Program - Role of Infinite loop - Compiling, Linking and locating - downloading and debugging - Emulators and simulators processor External peripherals - Memory testing - Flash Memory. Operating Systems- Embedded operating system - Real time characteristics - Selection process - Flashing the LED - serial ports - Zilog 85230 serial controlled code efficiency Code size - Reducing memory usage - Impact of C++. Hardware Fundamentals- Buses - DMA - interrupts - Built-ins on the microprocessor Conventions used on schematics - Microprocessor Architectures - Software Architectures RTOS Architectures - Selecting and Architecture. Embedded Software Development Tools- Host and target machines - Linkers / Locators for Embedded Software - Debugging techniques - Instruction set simulators Laboratory tools Practical example - Source code. Text Books:
1. David E.Simon, "An Embedded Software Primer", Perason Education, 2003 2. Michael Bass, "Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++", Oreilly, 2003

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RECT-IGNOU M Tech Program

Embedded System Design

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING - MELE003

Introduction: Random variables, random signals and random processes, definitions and properties. Frequency domain representations White noise and coloured noise. Time series modeling of random signals, AR, MA and ARMA methods. The Yule-Walker Equations. Spectrum estimation, parametric and non-parametric methods. Multi-rate digital signal processing: Introduction to multi-rate digital signal processing Sampling rate reduction & sampling rate increase by integer factors. Sampling rate conversion by rational factors. Design of practical sampling rate converters..Sampling rate conversion using poly-phase filters.. Digital filter Banks. Two channel quadrature mirror filter banks. Applications of multirate filters. Linear estimation and prediction: The Toeplitz system of equations. Levinson-Durbin recursion, lattice realization. Maximum likelihood criterion. LMSE estimation. Discrete WeinerHopf Equation. Weiner filter. Recursive estimation and tracking: Kalman filter. Applications. Adaptive filters and adaptive signal processing: FIR Adaptive filters. The LMS Algorithm Adaptive direct form FIR filters RLS algorithm. Adaptive Lattice-Ladder filters. Applications of adaptive filters.

Text Books:
1. B. Porat, Digital Processing of Random Signals, 1994 2. Monson H. Hayes: Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, John Wiley & Sons, 1996, 3. Proakis J.G. & Manolakis, D.G. , DSP: Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 2007.

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RECT-IGNOU M Tech Program

Embedded System Design

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS - MELE004

Introduction: An overview of wireless communication systems. First generation analog cellular systems, second generation digital cellular systems, third generation systems standards for wireless communications systems. GSM, IMT-2000, UMTS. Mobile Satellite Communication GEO, LEO, MEO, Terrestrial mobile system. Cellular concept: Cellular concept and frequency reuse, Multiple Access Schemes, channel assignment and handoff, Cellular CDMA; soft capacity Erlang capacity comparison of FDM/TDM systems and cellular CDMA. Radio wave propagation: Radio wave propagation issues in personal wireless systems, Propagation models, Multipath fading and Base band impulse respond models, parameters of mobile multipath channels, Antenna systems in mobile radio. Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA, TDMA and CDMA systems, operational systems, Wireless networking, design issues in personal wireless systems.Equalizing Rake reciever concepts, Diversity and space-time processing, Speech coding and channel coding. GSM standards and architecture: Discussion of GSM standards and architcture; signaling and call control; mobility management; location tracing. Wireless data networking; packet error modeling on fading channels, performance analysis of link and transport layer protocols over wireless channels; mobile data networking (mobile IP); wireless data in GSM, IS-95, and GPRS.

Text Book :
1. T.S.Rappaport,Wireless digital communications;Principles and practice,Prentice Hall,NJ,1996.

References:
1. K.Feher,Wireless digital communications,PHI,New Delhi,1995 2. J.G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw Hill, 1995. 3. W.C.Y.Lee,Mobile communications Engineering:Theory And Applications,Second Edition, McGraw Hill,New York.19908. 4. Schiller,Mobile Communications;Pearson Education Asia Ltd.,2000 5. A. Viterbi, CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, AddisonWesley, 1995.

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