Ping is a computer network administration utility used to test the reach ability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network

and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer. The name comes from active sonar terminology which sends a pulse of sound and listens for the echo. Ping operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an ICMP response. In the process it measures the time from transmission to reception (round-trip time) and records any packet loss. The results of the test are printed in the form of a statistical summary of the response packets received, including the minimum, maximum, and the mean round-trip times, and sometimes the standard deviation of the mean. Depending on the implementation, the ping command can be run with various command line switches to enable special operational modes. Example options include: specifying the packet size used as the probe, automatic repeated operation for sending a specified count of probes, and time stamping. Ping may be abused as a simple form of denial-of-service attack in the form of a ping flood, in which the attacker (with root privileges) overwhelms the victim with ICMP echo request packets. In telecommunications, the round-trip delay time (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the length of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the length of time it takes for an acknowledgment of that signal to be received. This time delay therefore consists of the transmission times between the two points of a signal.

In the context of computer networks, the signal is generally a data packet, and the RTT is also known as the ping time. An internet user can determine the RTT by using the ping command. In space technology, the round-trip delay time or round trip light time is the time light (and hence any signal) takes to go to a space probe and return.

Network links with both a high bandwidth and a high RTT can have a very large amount of data (the bandwidth-delay product) "in flight" at any given time. Such "long fat pipes" require a special protocol design. One example is the TCP window scale option. The RTT was originally estimated in TCP by: RTT = ( Old_RTT) + ((1 ) New_Round_Trip_Sample) Where is constant weighting factor (0 < 1). Choosing a value close to 1 makes the weighted average immune to changes that last a short time (e.g., a single segment that encounters long delay). Choosing a value for close to 0 makes the weighted average respond to changes in delay very quickly.